EPFL, spring 2012 – week 6!from requirements to design

overview ➝  1st review ➝  where are we now – what would we ideally do? ➝  introduction of personas ➝  match personas to ideas ➝  personas expectations (should revisit interviews) ➝  brainstorm - each idea receives five minutes. ➝  context scenarios workshop ➝  data & functional requirements (three tasks) ➝  functional groups and hierarchies ➝  sketch interaction frame work ➝  patterns bottom-up

➝  What is the core concept? ➝  What kinds of UX targets might they

have? ➝  What kinds of tasks can users

perform with the application? ➝  What kind of UI solutions are there for

certain tasks? ➝  What are task times and task steps? ➝  What kind of visual design styles and

solutions are being used?

UX benchmarking

your product competitor

context of use

MOBILE CONTEXT

people places things time culture }

prototypes What I hear, I forget. What I see, I remember. What I do, I understand.

(Laotse 604 BC)

Language is convincing. Seeing is believing. Touching is reality.

(Alan Kay)

➝  visualize and simulate the concept ➝  representation of "

all or part of the UI ➝  for simulating the functionality of

the UI ➝  use appropriate level of simulations

or prototypes for the purpose

prototyping

prototypes can be a ➝ paper-prototype (hand made)‏ ➝ screenshots ➝ computer/terminal-based prototype ➝  flash demo ➝ anything that is complete enough that it is possible for

users to follow through the main task flow ➝ movie

from requirements to design

➝  this lecture is based on Cooper (2007) and Forum Nokia’s interaction design module

EPFL, spring 2011 – week 5!from requirements to design

requirements definition ➝ creating problem and vision statements ➝ brainstorming ➝  identifying persona expectations

➝ attitudes, aspirations, social, cultural, environmental factors ➝ general expectations and desires ➝ behaviour desired from the product ➝ how does the persona think about basic elements of data"

(e.g. email: message and people)

➝ constructing context scenarios ➝  identifying requirements"

object, action, context"data and functional requirements"business, brand, experience, technical, customer and partner (3rd party)

exercise ➝  for your design idea define requirements"

object, action, context

➝  5min alone ➝  5min in pairs with feedback

defining the interaction framework how is the product structured and how does it behave to meet user goals

➝  define form factor, posture and input methods ➝  define data and functional elements ➝  determine functional groups and hierarchy ➝  sketch the interaction framework ➝  construct key path scenario ➝  check designs with validation scenarios

step 1: !factor, posture and input methods ➝  form factor"

smart phone, PC, kiosk system ➝  posture"

how much attention will user devote to interacting with product – how does the product behave in response (should be based on usage contexts and environments)

➝  input"more on that in mobile i/o lecture, touch screen, numerical keypad, voice etc.

step 1:!exercise ➝  define form factor, posture and input methods for your design idea

➝  5min alone ➝  5min in pairs

step 2:!functional and data elements ➝  data elements

➝  e.g. pictures e-mails, SMS etc. and their important attributes clear from scenario

➝  their relationships (grouped, sub-structure) ➝  functional elements (operations on them)"

e.g. for Vivien scenario (see moodle) needs to reach contacts by"voice activation, assignable quick-dial buttons, select contact from list, select contact from header of email, memo, appointment, auto-assignment of a call button in proper context (upcoming appointment)

➝  check with context scenario what solution would: ➝  accomplish user goals most efficiently, ➝  best fit design principles, ➝  fit technology and cost parameters, ➝  other requirements?

➝  pretend the product is human ➝  apply principles and patterns

step 2:!exercise ➝  define data and functional elements for your design idea - at least

three tasks should be supported

➝  5min alone ➝  5min discuss in pairs

step 3: !functional groups and hierarchies ➝  what needs a lot of screen estate? ➝  which elements contain others? ➝  how to arrange containers to optimize flow? ➝  which elements are used together, which aren’t? ➝  in what sequence will they be used? ➝  what interaction principles and patterns apply? ➝  how does the personas’ mental model affect organization?

step 4:!sketch the interaction framework ➝  time for rectangles – on whiteboards (plus camera) ➝  one or two people together – one thinks in terms of the narrative of

the design ➝  boxes represent functional group and/or container ➝  what is the central screen – how can you get there from within and

without?

steps for interaction design ➝  design the UI structure of the application

➝  document it as a navigation map of the application’s views

✱Navigation map of an imaginary Contacts application.

Task flow should utilize the views/services of other

applications, when available. Design it accordingly.

Note: Ideally this is already a part of the

application’s UI concept.

edit contact

view

contact list view

contact details view

popup delete confirmation

contact find mode

UX

alerting call view

message editor view

Email editor view

skype chat view

contact history view

exercise ➝  sketch with a pen and paper the following interaction as a navigation

tree: carry out the task that resembles most your design idea on your mobile phone (enter an event into the calendar, receive SMS)

➝  what kind of alternative interactions (e.g. short-cuts) are provided? ➝  compare the interaction of your device to your colleague’s devices

5-10min (alone) 5-10min (all/discussion)

wireframe examples ➝  hand drawn sketches

➝  Quick and fast reviews ➝  Encourage experimentation and honest critique

➝  annotated wireframes ➝  describe the functional elements ➝  elements are explained ➝  annotations enables the wireframe to be

understood

➝  high fidelity wireframes ➝  includes images, colors, fonts well thought

value at later stages

Use both illustrations and texts to

communicate the interaction design.

General description

ID

Purpose

Access from

Contents

Menu

Functionality

Exceptions

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Automatic

wireframe examples

➝  a wireframe “map” showing an overview of all the screens and the interactions between them

Descriptions of interaction between

the screens

Sketches of the screens

Wireframes wireframe examples

step 5:!key path scenarios ➝  depict primary pathways (that persona takes with greatest frequency,

often) ➝  focus on task level ➝  must describe in detail each major interaction with the system ➝  storyboarding + key path scenario narrative – e.g. in powerpoint, pdf

to feel the flow

step 6:!check designs with validation scenarios ➝  key path variants"

less travelled, common exceptions, secondary persona needs ➝  necessary use scenarios"

necessary but infrequent ➝  edge cases"

atypical cases that must be handled

writing the design documents

➝  agree about the tools ➝  “Standard” MS Office

products: Visio, Word, PowerPoint

➝  other professional tools ➝  shareware tools

➝  agree about the level of design details and used file formats

➝ concepts (ppt) ➝  light UI (Visio) ➝ complete UI specification

(Word with Visio images)

visual design framework ➝  in our case: stick to the visual style and language on the target device ➝  colour coding ➝  legibility ➝  branding ➝  look and feel ➝  apply to screen archetype

refine design

design validation and usability testing

some mobile UI guidelines GUIDELINES LINKS

Forum Nokia (Nokia Series 40, Nokia Series 60)

http://www.forum.nokia.com/Tools_Docs_and_Code/Documentation/Usability/UI_Style_and_Visual_Guidelines.xhtml

UIQ (Sony Ericsson, Motorola) http://developer.uiq.com/

Windows Mobile http://developer.windowsmobile.com/

Android http://developer.android.com/index.html

iPhone

http://developer.apple.com/iphone/

dotMobi Mobile Web Developers Guide)

http://mobiforge.com/designing/blog/web-developers-guide-released

UI design patterns ➝  example sources of general UI design patterns

➝  usability.gov/pdfs/guidelines.html ‘Research Based Guidelines’ ➝  welie.com ‘Patterns in Interaction Design’ ➝  designinginterfaces.com ‘Patterns by Jenifer Tidwell’ ➝  ui-patterns.com‘Patterns by Anders Toxboe’ ➝  patterntap.com‘Pattern Tap’

➝  quince.infragistics.com ‘UX Patterns Explorer’ ➝  androidpatterns.com