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Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance PVSEC 2015 Juan Carlos Gonzalez, Sr Technical Service Manager [email protected] p: +41 791921579

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Page 1: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance PVSEC 2015

Juan Carlos Gonzalez Sr Technical Service Manager jcarlosgonzalezjinkosolarcom

p +41 791921579

QUALITY IN PV MODULES

2 wwwjinkosolarcom

MAIN FACTORS TO MAKE A DECISSION

wwwjinkosolarcom 3

1 bull Reliability and durability of the panels

2

bull High performance over the entire lifetime

3 bull Manufacturing quality assurance standards (eg IEC)

hellip bull hellip

10 bull Price

hellip bull hellip

CERTIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL

wwwjinkosolarcom 4

BOM (BILL OF MATERIAL)

CDF (CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA FORM)

QUALITY CONTROL MORE THAN 40 CONTROL POINTS AND TESTS BEYOND STANDARDS

CERTIFICATES FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

wwwjinkosolarcom 5

Our certification

bull COMPANY AND PROCESS

bull PRODUCT

bull HampS

bull SPECIAL FEATURES

CERTIFICATION

Beyond the standards

wwwjinkosolarcom 6

TEST IEC UL PVEL Units

THERMAL CYCLING 200 200 800 hours

DAMP HEAT 1000 None 4000 hours

HUMIDITY FREEZE 10 5 40 hours

UV EXPOSURE 15 None 90 kWh

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL LOAD None 1000 Cycles

PID 96h65C-85RH 168h25C 6001000h 85C-85RH

All of them finishing with diode test

IEC68782 Ed1 will be available in 3 months

and thermal cycling and humidity freeze

wwwjinkosolarcom 7

HOT SPOTS

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

LONG-TERM DURABILITY

ISSUE

wwwjinkosolarcom 8

HOT SPOTS

SYSTEMATIC THERMAL PATTERN DUE TO THE FIXING CLAMP

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 2: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

QUALITY IN PV MODULES

2 wwwjinkosolarcom

MAIN FACTORS TO MAKE A DECISSION

wwwjinkosolarcom 3

1 bull Reliability and durability of the panels

2

bull High performance over the entire lifetime

3 bull Manufacturing quality assurance standards (eg IEC)

hellip bull hellip

10 bull Price

hellip bull hellip

CERTIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL

wwwjinkosolarcom 4

BOM (BILL OF MATERIAL)

CDF (CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA FORM)

QUALITY CONTROL MORE THAN 40 CONTROL POINTS AND TESTS BEYOND STANDARDS

CERTIFICATES FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

wwwjinkosolarcom 5

Our certification

bull COMPANY AND PROCESS

bull PRODUCT

bull HampS

bull SPECIAL FEATURES

CERTIFICATION

Beyond the standards

wwwjinkosolarcom 6

TEST IEC UL PVEL Units

THERMAL CYCLING 200 200 800 hours

DAMP HEAT 1000 None 4000 hours

HUMIDITY FREEZE 10 5 40 hours

UV EXPOSURE 15 None 90 kWh

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL LOAD None 1000 Cycles

PID 96h65C-85RH 168h25C 6001000h 85C-85RH

All of them finishing with diode test

IEC68782 Ed1 will be available in 3 months

and thermal cycling and humidity freeze

wwwjinkosolarcom 7

HOT SPOTS

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

LONG-TERM DURABILITY

ISSUE

wwwjinkosolarcom 8

HOT SPOTS

SYSTEMATIC THERMAL PATTERN DUE TO THE FIXING CLAMP

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 3: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

MAIN FACTORS TO MAKE A DECISSION

wwwjinkosolarcom 3

1 bull Reliability and durability of the panels

2

bull High performance over the entire lifetime

3 bull Manufacturing quality assurance standards (eg IEC)

hellip bull hellip

10 bull Price

hellip bull hellip

CERTIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL

wwwjinkosolarcom 4

BOM (BILL OF MATERIAL)

CDF (CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA FORM)

QUALITY CONTROL MORE THAN 40 CONTROL POINTS AND TESTS BEYOND STANDARDS

CERTIFICATES FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

wwwjinkosolarcom 5

Our certification

bull COMPANY AND PROCESS

bull PRODUCT

bull HampS

bull SPECIAL FEATURES

CERTIFICATION

Beyond the standards

wwwjinkosolarcom 6

TEST IEC UL PVEL Units

THERMAL CYCLING 200 200 800 hours

DAMP HEAT 1000 None 4000 hours

HUMIDITY FREEZE 10 5 40 hours

UV EXPOSURE 15 None 90 kWh

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL LOAD None 1000 Cycles

PID 96h65C-85RH 168h25C 6001000h 85C-85RH

All of them finishing with diode test

IEC68782 Ed1 will be available in 3 months

and thermal cycling and humidity freeze

wwwjinkosolarcom 7

HOT SPOTS

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

LONG-TERM DURABILITY

ISSUE

wwwjinkosolarcom 8

HOT SPOTS

SYSTEMATIC THERMAL PATTERN DUE TO THE FIXING CLAMP

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 4: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

CERTIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL

wwwjinkosolarcom 4

BOM (BILL OF MATERIAL)

CDF (CONSTRUCTIONAL DATA FORM)

QUALITY CONTROL MORE THAN 40 CONTROL POINTS AND TESTS BEYOND STANDARDS

CERTIFICATES FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS

wwwjinkosolarcom 5

Our certification

bull COMPANY AND PROCESS

bull PRODUCT

bull HampS

bull SPECIAL FEATURES

CERTIFICATION

Beyond the standards

wwwjinkosolarcom 6

TEST IEC UL PVEL Units

THERMAL CYCLING 200 200 800 hours

DAMP HEAT 1000 None 4000 hours

HUMIDITY FREEZE 10 5 40 hours

UV EXPOSURE 15 None 90 kWh

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL LOAD None 1000 Cycles

PID 96h65C-85RH 168h25C 6001000h 85C-85RH

All of them finishing with diode test

IEC68782 Ed1 will be available in 3 months

and thermal cycling and humidity freeze

wwwjinkosolarcom 7

HOT SPOTS

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

LONG-TERM DURABILITY

ISSUE

wwwjinkosolarcom 8

HOT SPOTS

SYSTEMATIC THERMAL PATTERN DUE TO THE FIXING CLAMP

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 5: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

wwwjinkosolarcom 5

Our certification

bull COMPANY AND PROCESS

bull PRODUCT

bull HampS

bull SPECIAL FEATURES

CERTIFICATION

Beyond the standards

wwwjinkosolarcom 6

TEST IEC UL PVEL Units

THERMAL CYCLING 200 200 800 hours

DAMP HEAT 1000 None 4000 hours

HUMIDITY FREEZE 10 5 40 hours

UV EXPOSURE 15 None 90 kWh

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL LOAD None 1000 Cycles

PID 96h65C-85RH 168h25C 6001000h 85C-85RH

All of them finishing with diode test

IEC68782 Ed1 will be available in 3 months

and thermal cycling and humidity freeze

wwwjinkosolarcom 7

HOT SPOTS

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

LONG-TERM DURABILITY

ISSUE

wwwjinkosolarcom 8

HOT SPOTS

SYSTEMATIC THERMAL PATTERN DUE TO THE FIXING CLAMP

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 6: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

Beyond the standards

wwwjinkosolarcom 6

TEST IEC UL PVEL Units

THERMAL CYCLING 200 200 800 hours

DAMP HEAT 1000 None 4000 hours

HUMIDITY FREEZE 10 5 40 hours

UV EXPOSURE 15 None 90 kWh

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL LOAD None 1000 Cycles

PID 96h65C-85RH 168h25C 6001000h 85C-85RH

All of them finishing with diode test

IEC68782 Ed1 will be available in 3 months

and thermal cycling and humidity freeze

wwwjinkosolarcom 7

HOT SPOTS

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

LONG-TERM DURABILITY

ISSUE

wwwjinkosolarcom 8

HOT SPOTS

SYSTEMATIC THERMAL PATTERN DUE TO THE FIXING CLAMP

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 7: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

wwwjinkosolarcom 7

HOT SPOTS

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

LONG-TERM DURABILITY

ISSUE

wwwjinkosolarcom 8

HOT SPOTS

SYSTEMATIC THERMAL PATTERN DUE TO THE FIXING CLAMP

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 8: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

wwwjinkosolarcom 8

HOT SPOTS

SYSTEMATIC THERMAL PATTERN DUE TO THE FIXING CLAMP

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 9: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

wwwjinkosolarcom 9

SOILING

NON UNIFORM CLEANING

WITH WATER-

JET

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 10: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

wwwjinkosolarcom 10

DELAMINATION

BUBBLES AND DELAMINATED AREAS HAVE DIFFERENT

HEAT CAPACITY

DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 11: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

SMART SOLUTIONS

INCREASING THE YIELD ENLARGING THE

MODULE LIFETIME

11 wwwjinkosolarcom

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 12: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

12

Jinko Maximized Evolution

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 13: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

wwwjinkosolarcom 13

Jinko Maximized Comparison

Conventional strings have single MPP points Combining strings of unequal length results in all strings operating off their maximum power point

Solar cell optimizer panels exhibit an MPP ldquoregionrdquo strings of different lengths can be combined with no performance penalty

Reduce LCOE by installing more panels and using central inverters on challenging rooftop designs

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 14: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

wwwjinkosolarcom 14

Jinko Maximized Hot spot free

Optimizes weak cells instead of bypassing

Eliminates Hot Spots and associated failure mechanisms Improves panel reliability

Increases energy output and helps reduce OampM costs

Output Power versus String Current

Standard IEC Hot Spot Testing Panel Output Power

wwwjinkosolarcom 15

Page 15: PVSEC2015 JINKOSOLAR Quality of PV modules and smart solutions to avoid hot spots increasing the performance JC

wwwjinkosolarcom 15