Presented by

ABDUL RANI ABDULLAH BAGINDA, PhD

Principal Consultant

Alam Sekitar Malaysia Sdn Bhd

Putrajaya Lake & Wetland:

Water Quality Status

5 February 2013

THE PUTRAJAYA LAKE CATCHMENT AND

SUNGAI LANGAT BASIN

Sg. Langat

Catchment

2420 km2

Putrajaya Lake

Catchment

51 km2

Putrajaya Lake

Catchment

Sungai Langat

Basin

INTRODUCTION

PUTRAJAYA WETLAND

Constructed wetland system comprises 6 arms with 23

cells.

All arms (except Upper Bisa) eventually discharge to

Central Wetland, then to Putrajaya Lake

Straddle the water courses of Sg. Chuau, Sg. Bisa & 3

tributaries.

The 6 arms differ in size, depths, plant communities &

pollutant loads that it is designed to handle.

INTRODUCTION

PUTRAJAYA LAKE

Located at the southern part of the wetland

60% of the lake water flow from the wetland and the

remaining 40% is direct discharge from bordering

promenade.

The water surface area of the whole lake is about 400

hectares.

The total volume of the whole lake ~24 million m3.

Water depth ranges from 3 -14 meters.

The lake has been planned to cater for recreation,

fishing, water sports and water transport.

Monitoring Objectives

To monitor and assess the water quality at the Putrajaya lake for its

suitability for recreational use with body contact

To identify and investigate pollution sources

- To monitor and assess potential problems normally associated with a

lake ecosystem

- To investigate trends in pollution, identify potential threats and

recommend preventive management measures

To monitor and assess the development of the ecosystem

To assess efficacy of existing environmental management and control

measures and to propose appropriate recommendations when

necessary

Assessment Approaches

Compliance to appropriate water quality objectives and standards:

* Putrajaya Ambient Lake Water Quality Standards

* National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia

* World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environment

* European Economic Community (EEC) Standard 76/160/EEC: Requirements for Bathing Water and other Relevant Standards

* Drinking Water Quality Standard

Water Quality Index

Trophic State Index

Comparison with natural ecosystems

Monitoring Program

SCOPE OF WORK

FREQUENCY DETAILS

Water Quality

Monthly Batch sampling of water at designated sampling points for the analysis of selected water quality parameters

Biweekly

Yearly

Pollution Event

As /when

Field sampling team is to inform the PjC upon observation of any event of pollution or drastic deterioration of the lake/wetland condition

Diurnal / Depth Profile

Yearly In situ measurements of selected water quality parameters at specific depths and time intervals at the designated sampling points

Groundwater Sampling and Monitoring

Twice yearly In situ measurements of selected water quality parameters at the two designated well

Monitoring Program

SCOPE OF WORK

FREQUENCY DETAILS

Waterborne Pathogens

Bi-Monthly To detect and quantify the protozoa, Cryptosporidium and Giardia at designated locations

Phytoplankton Monitoring

Quarterly To identify phytoplankton species distribution to highest taxonomic level possible.

Zooplankton Monitoring

Quarterly To identify zooplankton species distribution to highest taxonomic level possible and count and enumerate zooplankton density.

Macrobenthos Monitoring

Quarterly To identify macrobenthos species living in the Putrajaya Lake and Wetlands ecosystem

Mosquito Assessment

Twice yearly

To determine the mosquito species present and assess their population status

Assessment of Fauna

Twice yearly

To develop biodiversity profiles (including distribution, ecological aspect, species and population density) based on survey conducted on terrestrial fauna in the Putrajaya lake and wetlands area.

Water Quality Parameters

FREQUENCY WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS MONITORED

Biweekly & Monthly Insitu:

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, Transparency

Lab :

BOD, COD, TSS, NH3N, E.coli, Faecal coliform and Total

Coliform

Bi-monthly Insitu:

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, Transparency

Lab :

Chlorophyll- a, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus

Water Quality Parameters

FREQUENCY WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS MONITORED

Yearly Insitu:

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, Transparency

Lab :

Total Chlorophyll, Nitrate, Turbidity, Phosphate, Chloride, Colour, Conductivity, Hardness, Alkalinity, Aluminium,Ammonia, Arsenic, Antimony, Barium, Beryllium, Boron, Cadmium,Free Chlorine, Total Chromium, Copper, Cyanide, Flourine, Iron, Lead, Manganese, Mercury, Nickel, T. Phosphorus, Silica, Selenium, Silver, Sulphur, Sulphate, Zinc, Oil&Grease, Chlorophyll-a,T.coliform, Salmonella, Gross-alpha, Gross-Beta, Radium-226, Strontium-90, Carbon Chloroform Extract, MBAS/BAS, Oil &Grease (mineral), Oil & Grease (emulsified edible), PCB, Phenol, Aldrin/Dieldrin, BHC, Chlordane, t-DDT, Endosulfan, Heptachlor/Epoxide, Lindane, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP, Paraquat

WATER QUALITY

MONITORING

NETWORK:

Sampling Points At

Putrajaya Lake &

Wetland

Parameter UnitPutrajaya Ambient Lake Water Quality

Standards

Aluminium mg/I <0.05 if pH <6.5 <0.1 if pH>6.5

Ammmoniacal Nitrogen mg/I 0.3

Ammonia mg/I 0.02-0.03

Arsenic mg/I 0.05

Antimony mg/I 0.03

Barium mg/I I

Beryllium mg/I 0.004

Boron mg/I 1

Cadmium mg/I 0.002

Free Chlorine mg/I 1.5

Chromium, Total mg/I 0.05

Copper mg/I 0.02

Cyanide mg/I 0.02

Flourine mg/I 1.5

Iron mg/I 1

Lead mg/I 0.05

Manganase mg/I 0.1

Mercury mg/I 0.0001

Nickel mg/I 0.02

Nitrate (N03-N) mg/I 7

Nitrite (N02-N) mg/I 0.04

Total Phosphorus mg/I 0.05

Silica mg/I 50

Selenium mg/I 0.01

Silver mg/I 0.05

Sulphur mg/I 0.05

Sulphate mg/I 250

Zinc mg/I 5

BOD mg/I 3

COD mg/I 25

Colour TUC 150

Conductivity uS/cm 1000

Salinity ppt 1

Total Suspended Solid mg/ I 50

Turbidity NTU 50

Transparency (Secchi) m 0.6

Hardness mg/I 250

Taste - No Objectionable Taste

Dissolved Oxygen mg/I 5-7

Odour - No Objectionable Odour

PH - 6.5 - 9.0

Temperature ºC 30 ºC, Normal±

Oil & Grease mg/I 1.5

Chlorophyll-a ug/l 0.7

Floatables - No Visible Floatables

Parameter UnitPutrajaya Ambient Lake Water Quality

Standards

Faecal Coliform Counts/100ml 100

Total Coliform Counts/100ml 5000

Salmonella Counts/l 0

Enteroviruses PFU/l 0

Gross-alpha Bq/l 0.1

Gross-Beta Bq/l 1

Radium-226 Bq/l <0.1

Strontium-90 Bq/l <1

Carbon Chloroform Extract ug/l 500

MBAS/BAS ug/l 500

Oil & Grease (Mineral) ug/l -

Oil & Grease (Emulsified Edible) ug/l -

PCB ug/l 0.1

Phenol ug/l 10

Aldrin/Dieldrin ug/l 0.02

BHC ug/l 2

Chlordane ug/l 0.08

t-DDT ug/l 0.1

Endosulfan ug/l 10

Heptachlor/Epoxide ug/l 0.05

Lindane ug/l 2

2,4-D ug/l 70

2,4,5-T ug/l 10

2,4,5-TP ug/l 4

Paraquat ug/l 10

RADIOACTIVITY

MICROBIOLOGICAL CONSTITUENTS

ORGANICS

PUTRAJAYA AMBIENT

LAKE WATER

QUALITY STANDARDS

(PLWQS)

PUTRAJAYA LAKE WATER QUALITY Water Quality Index – Yearly 2001 to 2012

WQI-2001-2012

65.0

67.5

70.0

72.5

75.0

77.5

80.0

82.5

85.0

87.5

90.0

92.5

95.0

97.5

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

WQ

I

WQI

Class I NWQS

Class II NWQS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

% C

lass

I a

nd

II

WQI Class I(>92.7) WQI Class II(76.5-92.7)

WQI: Percentage Class I

Putrajaya Lake

DIURNAL SAMPLING, Dec 2012

Figure 1.1 Hourly Trend of pH Level at Jambatan Seri Bestari

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

0000

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

Time

pH

0.3 m 2.1 m 4.2 m

Figure 4.1 Hourly Trend of pH Level at CW

0.00

5.00

10.00

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

0000

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

Time

pH

0.3 m 1.9 m 3.8 m

Putrajaya Lake

DIURNAL SAMPLING, Dec 2012

Figure 3.2 Hourly Trend of DO Level at Dam

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

0000

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

Time

DO

(mg/l)

0.3 m 5.2 m 10.4 m

Figure 2.2 Hourly Trend of DO Level at Jambatan Seri Wawasan

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

0000

0100

0200

0300

0400

0500

0600

0700

0800

0900

1000

1100

Time

DO

(mg/l)

0.3 m 2.5 m 5.1 m

The concept of trophic status is based on the fact

that changes in:

Trophic State Index (TSI)

TSI Classification

Nutrient levels (measured by total

phosphorus) Changes in lake clarity (measured by

Secchi disk)

Changes in algal biomass (measured by

chlorophyll a)

Putrajaya Lake

Trophic State Index (TSI)

(2004 to 2012)

Trophic State Index (TSI): 2004-2012

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

TS

I

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll-a

Transparency

Oligotrophic (<30)

Mesotrophic (40-50)

Eutrophic (50-60)

KELAh Sanctuary:

Demonstration of Class I Water

Quality

Putrajaya Wetlands: Habitat of diversified Flora and Fauna

Urban Ecology : Nature in the urban fabric

Putrajaya 2025 –

Population Projection

Tahun Unjuran Penduduk Saiz Isi Rumah

2007 49,452 4.4

2010 70,700 4.4

2015 152,500 4.4

2020 281,500 4.4

2023 320,000 4.9

2025 350,000 5.3

* Rujukan: Putrajaya 2025 – Laporan Pemeriksaan: Analisis dan Penemuan Perumahan

Maindrain GPT 33

(Algae Bloom)

Lake Valley

(Algae Bloom)

Taman Botani

(Algae Bloom)

Cruise Tasik

Putrajaya

(Algae Bloom)

Kelab Tasik

(Algae Bloom)

GPT P4 & P19

(Sewage)

TBMF

(Algae Bloom)

WSC

(Algae Bloom)

GPT Cyberjaya

(Sewage)

Hotspots - Current

Hotspots - Putrajaya Lake

Maindrain GPT 33

Kelab Tasik

CTP, Pier 1

Lake Valley TBMF

Hotspots - Putrajaya Lake (Con’t)

Lake Valley

Water Sport

Centre

STP / GPT –

Cyberjaya / Seri

Puteri

GPT – P4 and P19

GPT – P16

Potential Hotspots

Algae Bloom /

Sewage

Pollution Event – Yearly Trend

Pollution Event-Yearly

0

5

10

15

20

2004 2005 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

No

. o

f C

as

es

Pollution Event –

Sewage-Related Discharge

Pollution Event - Sewage

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2004 2005 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Year

No

. o

f E

ven

t

Pollution Event –

Sewage – 2011 to2012

Sewage Overflow at Presint 16, Putrajaya

on January to March 2011

Sewage Overflow at STP Pump Area,

Presint 13, Putrajaya, March 2011

Pollution Event –

Sewage – 2011 to2012

Sewer Line Break Incident at Presint 4,

Putrajaya. December 2011

Overflow from IOI Recreational

Pond to Wetland cell. November

2012

Pollution Event –

Sewage – 2011 to2012

Sewage Overflow at Presint 9, Putrajaya. December 2011 to

March 2012.

Euglena Bloom UN8, UN7, UN6, UN5 (2011-2012)

WETLAND_ UPPER NORTH 8 (UN8)

6 DIS 2012

Euglena Bloom UN8, UN7, UN6, UN5 (2011-2012)

UPPER NORTH 6

UPPER NORTH 7

UPPER NORTH 5

UPPER NORTH 6A

pada 29 Dis 2012

UPPER NORTH 5

pada 29 Dis 2012

Algae Bloom Episodes

Botryococcus blooms at Lake, (2007 – 2009)

Other Pollution Episodes

Oil spillage, boat submerged incident during

the second day of the KBS F3000 Powerboat

Top Gun Championship at Presint 6,

Putrajaya Lake

February 2012

Concluding Remarks

A dynamic water quality monitoring program • Monitoring program to align with continuing improvement in management

strategies

•Establishing a automatic water quality monitoring network as early warning

system

• Incorporating stakeholder engagement and participation

The Putrajaya Lake and Wetlands: A unique ecosystem

• Facilitate and participate information exchange between lake interest groups

both nationally as well as internationally

• Collate research activities conducted thus far and establish priority research

areas

• Establish a Putrajaya Lake and Wetlands Research Committee to assess and

facilitate research proposals

THANK YOU