purposes of the lubrication system - wordpress.com · 2016-04-29 · purposes of the lubrication...

1

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Purposes of the Lubrication System

#1 – Minimize wear and power loss from friction

#2 – Acts a coolant

#4 – Absorbs shock between moving parts

#5 – Acts as a sealant between parts

#3 - Cleans

https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjalopnik.com%2Fwhat-happens-if-you-dont-change-the-oil-in-your-audi-fo-1692660828&bvm=bv.120853415,d.cGc&psig=AFQjCNGGsRt5V9tnqYcvuKkILM3nwhZe_g&ust=1461821945245219

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Where does all our oil come from? (DNEWS)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkaplHQp2n0

HYDRAULIC

FRACTURING

TAR SANDS

(OIL SANDS)

SHALE OIL

DRILLING

&

MINING

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkaplHQp2n0

Properties of Oil

#1 – Viscosity – resistance to flow

#2 – Resistance to Carbon Formation

#3 – Corrosion and Rust Inhibitors

#4 – Foaming Resistance

#5 - Detergents

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Viscosity Ratings

Viscosity – The Resistance to rate of flow!

Viscosity Ratings

Single Viscosity Oil

SAE 5

SAE 10

SAE 15

SAE 20

SAE 90

SAE 100

SAE 120

SAE – Society of Automobile Engineers

Multi Viscosity Oil

SAE 5W - 30

SAE 10W – 30

SAE 15W – 40

SAE 20W – 50

W – means “Winter”

(Tested at 0°F -18°C)

No W – Tested at 210°F 99°C



API (American Petroleum Institute) Service Ratings

A rating based on the application of service which the oil is designed for !

SA

SB

SC

SD

SE

SJ

SK

SL

SM

SN

Light Duty (Obsolete)

Heavy Duty (Modern)

Diesel API Service Ratings start the Letter C ex. CA, CB etc.

Service Ratings

8

VISCOSITY INDEX (VI)

How much viscosity changes

over a range of temperatures

High VI means that the oil does not change in

thickness very much from cold to hot.

Thin enough for cold cranking

Thick enough for high temperatures



9

High Temperature decreases

Viscosity (gets thinner)

Low Temperature increases

Viscosity (gets thicker)

Viscosity Index Improvers help reduce this

reaction

Synthetic (Man Made) Oils have a high Viscosity

Index



10

VISCOSITY INDEX (VI) Explanation

Viscosity modifiers are polymeric molecules that are

sensitive to temperature. At low temperatures, the

molecule chain contracts and does not impact the fluid

viscosity. At high temperatures, the chain relaxes and

an increase in viscosity occurs



11

VISCOSITY INDEX (VI) Explanation

When a person is cold, his natural reaction is to hold his arms

close to his body to retain warmth. Now imagine a crowd of cold

people, arms drawn in, moving past one another in a congested

hallway. Sure there is some congestion, but the people can still

move freely.

Now imagine the opposite. When a person is hot, he tends to

sprawl out. Picture a person holding his arms straight out from his

sides. It would be much more difficult to navigate a congested

hallway full of hot people, arms extended. Consider in this

example, the flow of people is related to the viscosity of the crowd.



12

When should I change my oil?

Every 3 months

Or

Every 5000 km

The cleaner the oil system the longer your engine

will last!

Never exceed the manufacturers requirements

It is recommended to change the oil filter during each oil change



https://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwihva20ja7MAhUJ4GMKHRqQD8AQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quora.com%2FWhat-does-changing-your-engine-oil-do-for-your-car&bvm=bv.120853415,d.cGc&psig=AFQjCNGGsRt5V9tnqYcvuKkILM3nwhZe_g&ust=1461821945245219


13

What if my oil is low?

Oil can escape

in 3 ways from

an engine

1. Through the PCV as a mist

2. Leaking as a liquid

3. Burning in the Combustion Chamber

Oil burning in the engine creates a BLUE exhaust gas





PCV

14

Positive Crankcase Ventilation

A PCV Valve provides a oxygen to the

crankcase in order to release pressure built

up by the up and down movement of the

pistons.

This keeps the crankcase pressure at

atmospheric pressure so seals don’t blow

out from excess built up pressure.

OTHER OILS

15

There are many other oils and

lubricating devices in a vehicle such as:

Gear Oil – Some manual

transmissions, differentials & transfer

cases

Transmission Fluid

Power Steering Fluid

Brake Fluid

Grease

All of these should be checked during

an oil change.

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Methods of Lubrication

Splash

Drip

Pressure Feed

Oil Pick Up & Screen

Oil Pan

Oil Filter

Oil Galleries

Oil Galleries

Parts of the Pressure Feed Lubrication System


Rotor Pump Gear Pump

Pressure = Resistance to Flow

Oil Pump provides flow

What are we forgetting??? OIL PUMP

Oil Pressure Indicators

Oil Pressure Relief Valve


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OIL FILTERS

21

ARE THEY ALL

THE SAME???

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OIL FILTERS

22

BASE

(SEAL ON BOTTOM)

ANTI-DRAIN BACK

VALVE

BYPASS VALVE

(SPRING)

FILTER ELEMENT

OUTER CASING

OIL FILTERS

23

OIL FILTERS

24

Oil Change

& Lube

purposes of the lubrication system - wordpress.com · 2016-04-29 · purposes of the lubrication...

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