PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION

If you were to design an efficient breathing system,

what would the requirements be?

'I lived in an iron lung for seven years'By John Prestwich for CNN

Monday, November 14, 2005 Posted: 1600 GMT (0000 HKT)

CNN) -- John Prestwich was diagnosed with polio at the age of 17 in 1955, which made him paralyzed from the chin down. He has spent 50 years on an artificial ventilator, including seven in an iron lung.

Iron lungs work on negative pressure. In other words the iron lung is sealed and attached to bellows, which lower the air pressure inside the iron lung to create a negative pressure

http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/11/10/john.prestwick/

PURPOSE OF RESPIRATION

If you were to design an efficient breathing system,

what would the requirements be?

What would a machine need to do?

• Collect new air• Get rid of old air• Hold/store air• Connect to body via transportation system

(circulatory system)

FUNCTION: move oxygen from the outside

environment into the body remove carbon dioxide from the body

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1.External respiration

2.Internal respiration

RESPIRATIONExternal= breathing Internal

Between environment and lungs

Between blood and cell

http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

AKA- BREATHING

RESPIRATORY

TRACT

Bronchi

TRACHEA

TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR

Bronchioles

DIAPHRAGMDome-shaped muscle attached to rib cage that contracts& flattens out during breathing

Observe what happens to the

diaphragm.

Breathing – The Lungs

• Breathing animation video• http://teachhealthk-12.uthscsa.edu/studentresources/AnatomyofBreathing3.swf

Pay attention to the role of the ribcage and the diaphragm and how these creates a pressure difference so breathing can take place.

"nature hates a vacuum" http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html

BREATHING

Breathing in - inhaling

• Rib cage– expands

• Diaphragm– moves downward

• Pressure– reduces inside lung

• Result – air is drawn into the lungs

Breathing out - exhaling

• Rib cage– contracts

• Diaphragm– moves upward / inward

• Pressure– increases inside lung

• Result – air is pushed out of the lung

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1.External respiration

2.Internal respiration

RESPIRATIONExternal Internal

Between environment and lungs

-inhale -exhale

Between blood and cell

http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html

RESPIRATORY

TRACT

Bronchi

RESPIRATORY

TRACT

Bronchi

Epiglottis

TRACHEA

TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR

Bronchioles

AlveoliCO2 and O2 exchanged at the same

time

pulmonary artery

(deoxygenated blood)

Pulmonary vein

(oxygenated blood)

bronchioles

alveolus

bronchioles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0Respiration Video

TRACHEA

TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR

Bronchioles

Air Composition

Inhaled air

Nitrogen N2 – 79%

Oxygen O2 – 20%

CO2 – 0.04%

Others - 0.96%

Exhaled air

Nitrogen N2 – 79%

Oxygen O2 – 16%

CO2 – 4%

Others - 1%

INTERNAL RESPIRATIONAKA CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Between blood and cell

Breathing – The Alveoli

• Diffusion– The movement of gas from an area of

high concentration to an area of low concentration.

http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html

DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION

http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html

Gaseous exchange requires:

HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Large surface millions of alveoli

• Thin Epithelium 2-cell layer• Ventilation maintains

diffusion gradient

• Capillary network concentration gradient

favors diffusion

Gaseous Exchange

Alveoli – Capillary Interface

Breathing – The Alveoli

O2

O2 O2

O2

O2 CO

2

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

Breathing in Breathing outhigh concentrationof oxygen

high concentrationof carbon dioxide

low concentrationof oxygen

low concentrationof carbon dioxide

Diffusion

To the heart

From the heart

Thin membrane between

air and bloodMoist surface areaPermeable membrane between air and blood

Large surface areaAssociation with rich blood supply

RespirationFood + Oxygen CO2 + water + ENERGY

Glucose + O2 CO2 + water + ENERGY

C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ENERGY

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

Cell Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO6CO22 + 6H2O + Energy

http://sdfs.ucps.k12.nc.us/images/Lungs.htm

Content

•Be able to label the mains parts of the respiratory system.•Know the gases in the air.•Know the percentages of the gases in inhaled air.•Know the percentages of the gases in exhaled air.•Know where gas exchange takes place•Understand the term diffusion•Understand the role of diffusion in the exchange of gases in the lungs•Explain how the alveoli have developed to allow for the exchange of gases.•Understand the structures involved in the breathing process.•Understand the role of pressure in the breathing process.•Describe how the composition of the blood changes as it passes through the lungs•Know the structures affected, causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment of various breathing disorders.

Study Guide: Grade 8 Science – Breathing and Respiration

Vocabulary

MouthEpiglottisLarynx

PharynxTracheaBronchusBronchioleAlveolus

CapillariesDiaphragm

ThoraxAbdomen

PneumoniaAsthma

BronchitisCancer

EmphysemaGlucoseNitrogenOxygen

Carbon DioxideInhaleExhale

Respiration

Note: Electronic copy saved in Student Resources Folder