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TRANSCRIPT
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Supplemental Material
Table 1. Included Studies Meta-analysis 1.
Table 2. Included Studies Meta-analysis 2.
Table 3. Search Strategy Meta-analysis 1.
Table 4. Search Strategy Meta-analysis 2.
Table 5. Systematic Reviews and Reviews of Reviews Searched to Identify Relevant Studies
for Meta-analysis 1.
Figure 1. PRISMA Flow-Chart Meta-analysis 1.
Figure 2. PRISMA Flow-Chart Meta-analysis 2.
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Table 1. Included Studies for Meta-analysis 1.
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Abikoff 2015 USA Treatment New Forest Parenting
Programme
No Wait-list No 101 3-4 [3.5]
Helping the
Noncompliant Child
Yes No 97
Abrahamse 2016 Netherlands Treatment PCIT Yes Alternative
intervention
Yes 45 2-8 [5.6]
Adams 1992 USA Treatment Time-out No No
intervention
No 20 1-12 [5.7]
Overcorrection No No 20
Adamson 2013 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 96 1.5-6 [3.1]
Anastopoulos 1993 USA Treatment Parent training Yes Wait-list No 36 8-12 [8.14]
Au 2014 Hong Kong Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 17 5-10 [7.5]
Axberg 2012 Sweden Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 62 4-8 [?]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Azevedo 2013 Portugal Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 123 36 [4.7]
Bagner 2010 USA Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 28 1-5 [3.2]
Barkley 2000 USA Treatment Barkley Parent
Training
Yes No
intervention
No 81 4-6 [4.8]
Behan 2001 Ireland Treatment Parents Plus Program Yes Wait-list No 50 3-12 [7.2]
Bernal 1980 USA Treatment Behavioral parent
training
No Wait-list No 36 5-12 [8.4]
Bjørknes 2013 Norway Prevention PMTO No Wait-list No 96 3-9 [5.9]
Bodenmann 2008 Switzerland Prevention Triple P No No
intervention
No 100 2-12 [6.6]
Braet 2009 Belgium Treatment Parent management
training
Yes Wait-list No 64 4-7 [5.6]
Brestan 1997 USA Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 30 3-6 [4.5]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Chacko 2009 USA Treatment Behavioral parent
training
No Wait-list No 80 5-12 [7.7]
Strategies to Enhance
Positive Parenting
No Wait-list No 80
Coard 2007 USA Prevention Black Parenting
Strengths and
Strategies Program
No Wait-list No 30 5-6 [5]
Connell 1997 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 24 2-6 [4.3]
Dadds 1992 Australia Treatment Parent training +
allied social support
No Alternative
intervention
No 22 ? [4.6]
David 2014 Romania Treatment Standard parent
programme
No Wait-list No 85 4-12 [6.2]
Rational Positive
Parent Program
No No 83
Day 2012 UK Treatment Empowering Parents,
Empowering
Communities
No Wait-list No 116 2-11 [5]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Dittman 2016 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 85 3-5 [3.6]
Eisenstadt 1993 USA Treatment Parent-directed
interaction
No Alternative
intervention
Yes 24 2-7 [4.5]
PCIT Yes Alternative
intervention
Yes 24
Enebrink 2012 Sweden Treatment COMET Yes Wait-list No 104 3-12 [6.8]
Eyberg 1995 USA Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 50 3-6 [4.5]
Fabiano 2012 USA Treatment Coaching Our Acting-
out Children
No Wait-list No 55 6-12 [8.5]
Farzadfard 2008 Iran Prevention Early Childhood
Parenting Skills
No Wait-list No 51 5-6 [5.5]
Flaherty 2010 Australia Prevention 1-2-3 Magic No Wait-list No 99 2-16 [7.5]
Forehand 2010 USA Prevention Parenting the Strong
Willed Child
No Alternative
intervention
No 52 3-6 [4.7[
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Forehand 2011 USA Prevention Group Curriculum No Wait-list No 39 3-6 [4.5]
Forgatch 1999 USA Prevention Parenting Through
Change
No No
intervention
No 238 6-10 [7.8]
Fung 2014 USA Treatment Early
Pathways/Parenting
Young Children
Yes Wait-list No 137 0-6 [3.9]
Gallart 2005 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 32 2-8 [5.4]
Triple P 34
Gardner 2006 UK Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 76 2-9 [5.9]
Gottfredson 2006 USA Prevention Strengthening
Washington DC
Families Project
Yes Minimal
intervention
No 351 7-11 [?]
Gross 1995 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes ? No 24 2-3 [2.5]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Gross 2003 USA Prevention Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 134 2-3 [?]
Gross 2009 USA Prevention Chicago Parent
Program
Yes Wait-list No 292 2-4 [2.9]
Hahlweg 2008 Germany Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 69 3-6 [4.1]
Hamilton 1984 USA Treatment Parent-Administered
Treatment
No Wait-list No 27 2-7 [3.7]
Harris 2015 USA Treatment Early Pathways Yes Wait-list No 199 1-5 [2.9]
Haslam 2013 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 107 2-12 [7.4]
Heinrichs 2010 Germany Prevention Triple P No No
intervention
No 280 3-6 [4.5]
Herbert 2013 USA Treatment Parenting Your
Hyperactive
Preschooler
No Wait-list No 31 3-6 [4.6]
Hoath 2002 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 21 5-10 [7.8]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Hutchings 2007 UK Prevention Incredible Years Yes Wait-list 153 3-4.6 [4.2]
Ireland 2003 Australia Treatment Triple P No Alternative
intervention
No 40 2-5 [3.6]
Jalali 2009 Iran Treatment Triple P No No
intervention
No 24 7-10 [8.3]
Joachim 2010 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 46 2-6 [3.2]
Jones 2014 USA Treatment Helping the Non-
compliant Child
Yes Alternative
intervention
Yes 15 3-8 [5.7]
Jouriles 2001 USA Treatment Project Support No Care as
usual
No 36 4-9 [5.7]
Jouriles 2009 USA Treatment Project Support No Care as
usual
No 66 4-9 [?]
Kierfeld 2013 Germany Treatment Behavioral family
intervention
Yes Wait-list No 48 3-6 [5.2]
Kim 2008 USA Prevention Incredible Years Yes No
intervention
No 33 3-8 [5.7]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Kirby 2014 Australia Treatment Triple P No Care as
usual
No 54 2-9 [4.42]
Kjøbli 2013 Norway Treatment PMTO No Care as
usual
No 216 3-12 [7.3]
Kleefman 2014 Netherlands Treatment Triple P No Care as
usual
No 209 5-12 [9]
Kling 2010 Sweden Treatment COMET Yes Wait-list No 159 3-10 [6]
Lachman 2017 South
Africa
Prevention Sinovuyo Yes Wait-list No 68 3-8 [5.4]
Larsson 2008/
9
Norway Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 81 4-8 [6.6]
Lau 2011 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 54 5-12 [8.4]
Leijten 2017 Netherlands Treatment
&
Prevention
Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 154 3-8 [5.6]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Leung 2003 Hong Kong Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 88 3-7 [4.2]
Leung 2011 Hong Kong Prevention HOPE Yes Alternative
intervention
Yes 120 3-5 [4.6]
Leung 2012 Hong Kong Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 111 2-7 [4.5]
Leung 2013 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 81 2-5 [4.2]
Leung 2014 Hong Kong Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 56 5-6 [5]
Leung 2014 Hong Kong Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 111 2-7 [4.5]
Leung 2015 Hong Kong Prevention HOPE Yes Wait-list No 173 2 [2]
Little 2012 UK Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 146 4-9 [6.8]
Little 2012 UK Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 161 3-4 [3.7]
Long 1993 USA Treatment Bibliotherapy protocol No Care as
usual
No 32 6-11 [8.13]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
MacKenzie 2000 USA Prevention Computer-Assisted
Parenting Program
No No
intervention
No 31 3-5 [4.3]
Booklet Parenting
Program
No No
intervention
No 30
Magen 1994 USA Treatment Behavioral and
problem-solving skills
No Wait-list No 38 5-11 [7]
Malti 2011 Switzerland Prevention Triple P No No
intervention
No 695 6-7 [7.5]
Markie-Dadds 2006 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 26 2-6 [3.6]
Markie-Dadds 2006 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 63 2-5 [3.9]
Martin 2003 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 45 2-9 [5.8]
Mast 2014 USA Prevention I-InTERACT No Minimal
intervention
No 9 3-9 [?]
Matos 2009 Puerto Rico
(USA)
Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 32 4-6 [?]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Matsumoto 2007 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 50 2-10 [4.9]
Matsumoto 2010 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 54 2-10 [5.8]
McCabe 2009 USA Treatment GANA (PCIT) Yes Care as
usual
No 39 3-7 [4.4]
PCIT Yes 37
McGilloway 2012 Ireland Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 149 3-7 [5]
McGilloway 2013 Ireland Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 33 3-7 [4.8]
Mejia 2015 Panama Treatment Triple P No No
intervention
No 108 3-12 [8.5]
Menting 2013 Netherlands Prevention Incredible Years Yes No
intervention
No 113 2-10 [6.4]
Morawska 2006 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 84 1-3 [2.2]
Triple P No 83
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Morawska 2009 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 75 3-10 [?]
Morawska 2011 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 67 2-5 [3.6]
Morawska 2014 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 139 2-10 [6]
Mullin 1994 Ireland Prevention Eastern Health Board
parenting programme
No Wait-list No 79 1-6 [?]
Nicholson 2002 USA Prevention STAR parenting
programme
No Wait-list No 26 1-5 [?]
Nixon 2001 Australia Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 34 3-5 [3,9]
Nixon 2003 Australia Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 35 3-5 [3.9]
Ogden 2008 Norway Treatment PMTO No Care as
usual
No 112 4-13 [8.4]
Özyurt 2015 Turkey Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 74 8-12 [9.7]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Parra-Cardona 2017 USA Prevention CAPAS-enhanced
(PMTO)
No Wait-list No 67 4-12 [9]
CAPAS
(PMTO)
No 68
Patterson 2002 UK Treatment Incredible Years Yes No
intervention
No 116 2-8 [?]
Perrin 2014 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 150 2-4 [2.8]
Plant 2007 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 48 0-6 [4.7]
Triple P No 50
Porzig-
Drummond
2014 Australia Treatment 1-2-3 Magic No Wait-list No 84 2-4 [3.3]
1-2-3 Magic No 83
Porzig-
Drummond
2015 Australia Treatment 1-2-3 Magic No Wait-list No 84 2-10 [5.3]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Reedtz 2011 Norway Prevention Incredible Years Yes No
intervention
No 186 2-8 [3.9]
Salmon 2009 New
Zealand
Treatment Parent training +
emotional reminiscing
Yes Alternative
intervention
No 34 3-8 [4.7]
Salmon 2014 New
Zealand
Treatment Triple P No Alternative
intervention
No 43 3-6 [4.9]
Sampaio 2015 Sweden Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 355 3-5 [4]
Sanders 2000 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 154 3-4 [3]
Triple P No 153
Triple P No 152
Sanders 2000 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 56 2-8 [4.6]
Sanders 2004 Australia Prevention Triple P No Alternative
intervention
No 98 2-7 [4.4]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Sanders 2011 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 121 1-16 [6.6]
Sanders 2012 Australia Treatment Triple P No No
intervention
No 116 2-9 [4.7]
Sanders 2014 New
Zealand
Treatment Triple P No Alternative
intervention
No 193 3-8 [5.6]
Sayger 1988 USA Treatment Family Therapy
Research Project
No Wait-list No 43 7-12 [?]
Schappin 2013 Netherlands Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 67 2-5 [3.7]
Schuhmann 1998 USA Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 64 3-6 [4.9]
Scott 2001 UK Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 141 2-9 [5.8]
Scott 2010 UK Prevention Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 174 5-6 [5.7]
Scott 2010 UK Treatment Incredible Years Yes Care as
usual
No 112 5-6 [5.2]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Scott 2014 UK Treatment Incredible Years Yes Minimal
intervention
No 109 5-7 [6.0]
Incredible Years &
literacy program
Yes 104
Sheeber 1994 USA Treatment Temperament-based
parent-training
No Wait-list No 40 3-5 [4]
Sim 2014a Liberia Prevention Parents Make the
Difference
No Wait-list No 270 3-7 [5]
Solís-Cámara 2004 Mexico Treatment STAR Parenting
Program
No Wait-list No 40 3-5 [3.7]
Somech 2012 Israel Treatment Hitkashrut Yes Minimal
intervention
No 209 3-5 [4]
Sonuga-Barke 2001 UK Treatment New Forest Parenting
Programme
No Wait-list No 50 3 [3]
Sonuga-Barke 2004 UK Treatment New Forest Parenting
Programme
No Wait-list No 89 3 [3]
Spaccarelli 1992 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 32 ? [6.2]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Incredible Years Yes 37
Spijkers 2013 Netherlands Treatment Triple P No Care as
usual
No 81 9-11 [10]
Stallman 2014 Australia Prevention Triple P No Wait-list No 205 2-14 [8.2]
Stanger 2011 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Alternative
intervention
Yes 48 2-7 [3.7]
Stattin 2015 Sweden Treatment COPE No Wait-list
Wait-list
No
No
No
361 3-12 [7]
3-12 [7]
3-12 [7]Incredible Years Yes 122
Comet Yes 366
Stolk 2008 Netherlands Treatment VIPP-SD Yes Minimal
intervention
No 107 1-3 [2.3]
Stolk 2008 Netherlands Treatment VIPP-SD Yes Minimal
intervention
No 130 1-3 [2.3]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Strayhorn 1989 USA Treatment Training Exercises for
Parents of
Preschoolers
Yes Minimal
intervention
No 95 2-5 [3.9]
Sutton 1992 UK Treatment Behavioural parent
training
No Wait-list No 21 1-4 [2.8]
Behavioural parent
training
No 21
Behavioural parent
training
No 21
Swift 2009 Australia Treatment Defiant Children No Wait-list No 29 2-12 [7]
Taylor 1998 Canada Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 64 3-8 [5.6]
Thomas 2011 Australia Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 150 2-8 [5]
Thomas 2012 Australia Treatment PCIT Yes Wait-list No 151 ? [4.6]
Turner 2006 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 30 2-5 [3.3]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Turner 2007 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 51 1-13 [6]
van den
Hoofdakker
2007 Netherlands Treatment Behavioral parent
training
No Care as
usual
No 96 4-12 [7.4]
Webster-
Stratton
1982 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 35 3-5 [3,9]
Webster-
Stratton
1984 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 24 4-6 [4.8]
Webster-
Stratton
1988 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 57 3-8 [4.6]
Incredible Years Yes 58
Incredible Years Yes 57
Webster-
Stratton
1990 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 29 3-8 [5]
Incredible Years Yes 26
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Treatment
or
Prevention
Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control Control:
Relationship
enhancemen
t
N Child age
range
[mean]
Webster-
Stratton
1992 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 100 3-8 [5]
Webster-
Stratton
1994 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Alternative
intervention
Yes 78 3-8 [4.9]
Webster-
Stratton
1997 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 48 4-8 [5.7]
Webster-
Stratton
2004 USA Treatment Incredible Years Yes Wait-list No 57 4-7 [5.9]
Wiggins 2009 Australia Treatment Triple P No Wait-list No 60 4-10 [6.2]
Williamson 2014 USA Prevention Madres a Madres Yes Wait-list No 194 7-12 [9.5]
Zangwill 1983 USA Treatment Child-/Parent-
Directed Interaction
Yes Wait-list No 15 2-8 [3]
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Table 2. Included Studies for Meta-analysis 2.
First author Year Country Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control N Child age range
[mean]
Follow-up
time
(months)
Bagner 2016 USA Infant Behavior
Program
Yes Care as usual 60 1
[1.1]
3, 6
Bakermans-
Kranenburg
2008 Netherlands VIPP-SD Yes No
intervention
157 1-3
[2.3]
12
Bodenmann 2008 Switzerland Triple P No No
intervention
100 2–12
[6.5]
6, 12
Breitenstein 2012 USA Chicago parent
program
Yes No
intervention
550 2–4
[2.8]
6, 12
Brock 2015 USA Child's game Yes Care as usual 184 2–3
[2.5]
6
Cowan 2009 USA Couples program Yes Minimal
intervention
253 0–7
[2.3]
9
Fabiano 2012 USA Coaching Our
Acting-out
Children
No No
intervention
55 6–12
[8.5]
1
Forgatch 1999 USA Parenting through
change
No No
intervention
283 6–10
[7.8]
6
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control N Child age range
[mean]
Follow-up
time
(months)
Frank 2015 New
Zealand
Triple P No No
intervention
42 3–8
[5.6]
6
Gross 1995 USA Incredible Years Yes No
intervention
17 2–3
[2.0]
3
Gross 2003 USA Incredible Years Yes No
intervention
134 2–3
[?]
6, 12
Hahlweg 2010 Germany Triple P No No
intervention
219 4–6
[4.5]
12, 24
Havighurst 2010 Australia Tuning in to kids Yes No
intervention
216 3–5
[4.7]
6
Jouriles 2001 USA Multicomponent
family intervention
No Minimal
intervention
36 4–9
[5.7]
4, 8
Jouriles 2009 USA Project support No Minimal
intervention
66 4–9
[?]
4, 8, 12
Kim 2008 USA Incredible Years Yes No
intervention
33 3–8
[6.0]
12
Kirby 2014 Australia Triple P No Care as usual 54 2–9
[4.9]
6
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control N Child age range
[mean]
Follow-up
time
(months)
Kjøbli 2013 Norway Brief parent
training
No Care as usual 216 3–12
[7.3]
6
Kjøbli 2013 Norway PMTO No No
intervention
136 2–12
[8.6]
6
Kleefman 2011 Netherlands Triple P No Care as usual 209 5–12
[9.8]
6
Lavigne 2008 USA Incredible Years Yes Minimal
intervention
127 3–6
[4.6]
12
Magen 1994 USA Behavioral skills
training
No No
intervention
38 5–11
[7.0]
3
Maguin 1994 USA OSLC protocol No No
intervention
52 3–6
[4.4]
6
Malti 2011 Switzerland Triple P No No
intervention
695 ?
[7.5]
12, 36
McCabe 2012 USA GANA (PCIT) Yes Care as usual 39 3–7
[4.4]
16
PCIT Yes 37
Mejia 2015 Panama Triple P No No
intervention
108 3–12
[8.5]
6
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control N Child age range
[mean]
Follow-up
time
(months)
Niccols 2009 Canada CWTB Yes No
intervention
79 1–3
[2.0]
1
Perrin 2014 USA Incredible Years,
adapted
Yes No
intervention
150 1–3
[2.8]
12
Reedtz 2011 Norway Incredible Years,
adapted
Yes No
intervention
186 2–8
[3.9]
12
Rushton 2010 UK Cognitive
behavioral
approach
Yes Care as usual 37 1–10
[6.6]
6
Sayal 2016 UK 1-2-3 Magic No No
intervention
62 4-8
[6.2]
6
Scott 2014 UK Incredible Years Yes Care as usual 109 5–7
[6.1]
12
Sheeber 1994 USA Temperament-
based parent-
training
No No
intervention
40 3–5
[4.0]
2
Sigmarsdóttir 2013 Iceland PMTO No Care as usual 102 5–12
[8.0]
9
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
First author Year Country Intervention Intervention:
Relationship
enhancement
Control N Child age range
[mean]
Follow-up
time
(months)
Somech 2012 Israel Hitkashrut Yes Minimal
intervention
209 2–5
[4.1]
12
Sonuga-
Barke
2001 UK New Forest
Parenting program
No No
intervention
50 3–4
[?]
3
Spijkers 2013 Netherlands Triple P No Care as usual 81 9–11
[10.6]
6, 12
Stewart-
Brown
2004 UK Incredible Years Yes No
intervention
116 2–8
[4.6]
6, 12
Thompson 2009 Guernsey New Forest
Parenting program
No Care as usual 41 2–6
[4.3]
2
Westrupp 2015 Australia Triple P No Care as usual 76 4–12
[9.0]
12
Williamson 2014 USA Madres a Madres Yes No
intervention
194 7–12
[9.5]
6
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Table 3. Search Strategy Meta-analysis 1.
Part 1: Identifying Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses.
We identified systematic reviews published from 2008 to 2011 in a previous review1 using
the search terms below, and updated the search for 2011–2014. (The search terms were also
adapted for use in other databases, including CINAHL, metaRegister of Controlled Trials
(mRCT) (http://www.controlled-trials.com), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews.)
Search terms used for PsycINFO (1967 to April 2014), MEDLINE (1948 to April 2014)
and EMBASE (1980 to April 2014)
1. exp "literature review"/ or exp meta analysis/
2. systematic review.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of contents, key concepts,
original title, tests & measures]
3. 1 or 2
4. exp Parents/ or exp Parent Training/ or exp Mothers/ or exp Childrearing Practices/ or exp
Family Relations/ or exp Parenting Skills/
5. exp Parenting/
6. exp Parent Child Relations/
7. exp Conduct Disorder/
8. exp Antisocial Personality Disorder/
9. exp Juvenile Delinquency/
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
10. exp Child Abuse/
11. exp Child Neglect/
12. exp Mother Child Communication/ or exp Child Discipline/ or exp Child Psychology/ or
exp Father Child Relations/ or exp Mother Child Relations/ or exp Parent Child Relations/ or
exp Parent Child Communication/ or exp Father Child Communication/
13. Child.mp.
14. Preschool.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of contents, key concepts, original
title, tests & measures]
15. exp Aggressiveness/ or exp Aggressive Behavior/ or exp Behavior Disorders/
16. exp Antisocial Personality Disorder/ or exp Antisocial Behavior/
17. Offending.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of contents, key concepts, original
title, tests & measures]
18. (Behavio* and (change or therapy)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of
contents, key concepts, original title, tests & measures]
19. 13 or 14
20. 15 or 16 or 17 or 18
21. 19 and 20
22. 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 21
23. 3 and 22
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Note. 1Gardner F, Montgomery P, Knerr W. Transporting evidence-based parenting programs
for child problem behavior (age 3–10) between countries: Systematic review and Meta-
analysis [published online ahead of print Mar 2015]. J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. DOI:
10.1080/15374416.2015.1015134.
Part 2: Identifying New Studies that Have not yet Been Systematically Reviewed
Search terms used for PsycINFO (2002 to January 2015), Ovid MEDLINE(R) (1946 to
January 2015), Embase (1996 to January 2015) (Search terms were adapted for use in
other databases, including CINAHL and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.)
1. exp Parents/ or exp Parent Training/ or exp Mothers/ or exp Childrearing Practices/ or exp
Family Relations/ or exp Parenting Skills/
2. exp Parenting/
3. exp Parent Child Relations/
4. exp Conduct Disorder/
5. exp Juvenile Delinquency/
6. exp Child Abuse/
7. exp Child Neglect/
8. exp Mother Child Communication/ or exp Child Discipline/ or exp Child Psychology/ or
exp Father Child Relations/ or exp Mother Child Relations/ or exp Parent Child Relations/ or
exp Parent Child Communication/ or exp Father Child Communication/
9. Child.mp.
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
10. Preschool.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of contents, key concepts, original
title, tests & measures]
11. exp Aggressiveness/ or exp Aggressive Behavior/ or exp Behavior Disorders/
12. exp Antisocial Personality Disorder/ or exp Antisocial Behavior/
13. Offending.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of contents, key concepts, original
title, tests & measures]
14. (Behavio* and (change or therapy)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, table of
contents, key concepts, original title, tests & measures]
15. 9 or 10
16. 11 or 12 or 13 or 14
17. 15 and 16
18. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 17
19. randomized controlled trial
20. limit 19 to yr="2011 - 2015"
21. limit 20 to ("preschool child (2 to 5 years)" or "child (6 to 12 years)")
22. limit 21 to humans
23. limit 22 to peer reviewed journal
24. limit 23 to treatment & prevention
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
25. limit 24 to ("core clinical journals (aim)" or communication disorders journals or
consumer health journals or foreign journals or health technology assessment journals or
nursing journals)
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Table 4. Search Strategy Meta-analysis 2.
Search terms used for PsycINFO (July 2016).
1): parenting/ OR parents/ OR parental attitudes/ OR parent child communication/ OR
parental expectations/ OR parental involvement/ OR parenting skills/ OR exp parenting style/
OR parent child relations/ OR caregivers/ OR childrearing practices/ OR childrearing
attitudes/ OR father child communication/ OR father child relations/ OR mother child
communication/ OR mother child relations/ OR (parenting OR parental OR parent behavio*
OR parent child communication* OR parent child relation* OR parent child interaction* OR
caregiv* OR care giv* OR caretak* OR care tak* OR child raising OR childraising OR child
rearing OR childrearing OR father child relation* OR father child communication* OR father
child interaction* OR fathering OR mother child relation* OR mother child communication*
OR mother child interaction* OR mothering OR upbringing).ti,ab,id.
2): behavior problems/ OR acting out/ OR aggressive behavior/ OR antisocial behavior/ OR
attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity/ OR conduct disorder/ OR explosive disorder/
OR externalization/ OR oppositional defiant disorder/ OR rebelliousness/ OR tantrums/ OR
(((defiant OR disruptive OR dysfunctional* OR explosiv* OR maladaptiv* OR problem*)
ADJ3 (behavio* OR disorder*)) OR acting out OR aggress* OR antisocial OR ADHD* OR
behavi* difficult* OR conduct disorder* OR externali* OR hyperactiv* OR misbehavio* OR
misconduct OR tantrum*).ti,ab,id.
3): (infancy 2 23 mo OR preschool age 2 5 yrs OR school age 6 12 yrs).ag. OR (infan* OR
baby* OR babies OR toddler* OR preschool* OR child* OR kid OR kids OR prepubescen*
OR prepuber* OR teen* OR young* OR youth* OR girl* OR boy*).ti,ab,id.
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
4): followup studies/ OR intervention/ OR early intervention/ OR family intervention/ OR
group intervention/ OR parent training/ OR program evaluation/ OR followup study.md. OR
(follow-up* OR followup OR sleeper effect* OR triple P OR incredible years* OR parent
child interaction therapy OR PCIT OR parent* management training OR parent* effect*
training).ti,ab,id,tm.
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Table 5. Systematic Reviews and Reviews of Reviews Searched to Identify Relevant Studies
for Meta-analysis 1.
Citation
Barlow J, Smailagic N, Bennett C, Huband N, Jones H, Coren E. Individual and group
based parenting programmes for improving psychosocial outcomes for teenage parents
and their children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011(3).
Barlow J, Smailagic N, Huband N, Roloff V, Bennett C. Group-based parent training
programmes for improving parental psychosocial health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2012;6:Cd002020.
Bayer J, Hiscock H, Scalzo K, et al. Systematic review of preventive interventions for
children's mental health: what would work in Australian contexts? Aust N Z J
Psychiatry. 2009;43(8):695-710.
Coates J, Taylor JA, Sayal K. Parenting Interventions for ADHD: A Systematic Literature
Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2014.
Cooley ME, Veldorale-Griffin A, Petren RE, Mullis AK. Parent–Child Interaction
Therapy: A Meta-analysis of Child Behavior Outcomes and Parent Stress. Journal of
Family Social Work. 2014;17(3):191-208.
de Graaf I, Speetjens P, Smit F, de Wolff M, Tavecchio L. Effectiveness of the Triple P
Positive Parenting Program on behavioral problems in children: a Meta-analysis.
Behavior Modification. 2008;32(5):714-735.
Dekovic M, Slagt M, Asscher J, Boendermaker L, Eichelsheim V, Prinzie P. Effects of
early prevention programs on adult criminal offending: A Meta-analysis. Clinical
Psychology Review. 2011;31(4):532-544.
Dretzke J, Davenport C, Frew E, et al. The clinical effectiveness of different parenting
programmes for children with conduct problems: A systematic review of randomised
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
controlled trials. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2009;3(7).
Eyberg SM, Nelson MM, Boggs SR. Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for
Children and Adolescents With Disruptive Behavior. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol.
2008;37(1):215-237.
Fabiano GA, Pelham WE, Jr., Coles EK, Gnagy EM, Chronis-Tuscano A, O'Connor BC. A
Meta-analysis of behavioral treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clin
Psychol Rev. 2009;29(2):129-140.
Fossum S, Handegard B, Martinussen M, Morch W. Psychosocial interventions for
disruptive and aggressive behaviour in children and adolescents: A Meta-analysis.
European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008;17(7):438-451.
Fukkink R. Video feedback in widescreen: A Meta-analysis of family programs. Clinical
Psychology Review. 2008;28(6):904-916.
Furlong M, McGilloway S, Bywater T, Hutchings J, Smith SM, Donnelly M. Cochrane
Review: Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for
early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years (Review). Evidence-Based
Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. 2013;8(2):318-692.
Hodge DR, Jackson KF, Vaughn MG. Culturally sensitive interventions and health and
behavioral health youth outcomes: a Meta-analytic review. Social Work in Health Care.
2010;49(5):401-423.
Huey SJ, Jr., Polo AJ. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for ethnic minority youth. J
Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2008;37(1):262-301.
Knerr W, Gardner F, Cluver L. Improving Positive Parenting Skills and Reducing Harsh
and Abusive Parenting in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.
Prev Sci. 2013;14(4):352-363.
Lee P-c, Niew W-i, Yang H-j, Chen VC-h, Lin K-c. A Meta-analysis of behavioral parent
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
training for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research in
Developmental Disabilities. 2012;33(6):2040-2049.
Leijten P, Raaijmakers MAJ, Orobio de Castro B, Matthys W. Does socioeconomic status
matter? A Meta-analysis on parent training effectiveness for disruptive child behavior.
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 2013;42(3):384-392.
Litschge CM, Vaughn MG, McCrea C. The empirical status of treatments for children and
youth with conduct problems: an overview of Meta-analytic studies. Research on Social
Work Practice. 2010;20(1):21-35.
Lundahl BW, Tollefson D, Risser H, Lovejoy MC. A Meta-analysis of father involvement
in parent training. Research on Social Work Practice. 2008;18(2):97-106.
Matjasko JL, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Massetti GM, Holland KM, Holt MK, Dela Cruz J. A
systematic meta-review of evaluations of youth violence prevention programs: Common
and divergent findings from 25 years of Meta-analyses and systematic reviews.
Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2012;17(6):540-552.
Menting ATA, Orobio de Castro B, Matthys W. Effectiveness of the Incredible Years
parent training to modify disruptive and prosocial child behavior: A Meta-analytic
review. Clinical Psychology Review. 2013;33(8):901-913.
Mikton C, Butchart A. Child maltreatment prevention: a systematic review of reviews.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2009;87(5):353-361.
Miller S, Wampold B, Varhely K. Direct comparisons of treatment modalities for youth
disorders: a Meta-analysis. Psychother. 2008;18(1):5-14.
Montoya A, Colom F, Ferrin M. Is psychoeducation for parents and teachers of children
and adolescents with ADHD efficacious? A systematic literature review. European
psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2011;26(3):166-
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
175.
National Guideline C. Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young
people: recognition, intervention and management.
Nowak C, Heinrichs N. A comprehensive Meta-analysis of Triple P-Positive Parenting
Program using hierarchical linear modeling: effectiveness and moderating variables.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2008;11(3):114-144.
Park-Higgerson H, Perumean-Chaney S, Bartolucci A, Grimley D, Singh K. The
evaluation of school-based violence prevention programs: A Meta-analysis. Journal of
School Health. 2008;78(9):465-479.
Piquero AR, Farrington D, Jennings WG, Tremblay R, Piquero A. Effects of early
family/parent training programs on antisocial behavior and delinquency. Campbell
Systematic Reviews2008.
Shucksmith J, Jones S, Summerbell C. The role of parental involvement in school-based
mental health interventions at primary (elementary) school level. Advances in School
Mental Health Promotion. 2010;3(1):18-29.
Smith TK, Duggan A, Bair-Merritt MH, Cox G. Systematic Review of Fathers'
Involvement in Programmes for the Primary Prevention of Child Maltreatment. Child
Abuse Review. 2012;21(4):237-254.
Sonuga-Barke EJ, Brandeis D, Cortese S, et al. Nonpharmacological interventions for
ADHD: systematic review and Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of dietary
and psychological treatments. The American journal of psychiatry. 2013;170(3):275-
289.
von Sydow K, Retzlaff R, Beher S, Haun MW, Schweitzer J. The efficacy of systemic
therapy for childhood and adolescent externalizing disorders: a systematic review of 47
RCT. Family process. 2013;52(4):576-618.
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Weisz JR, Kuppens S, Eckshtain D, Ugueto AM, Hawley KM, Jensen-Doss A.
Performance of evidence-based youth psychotherapies compared with usual clinical
care: a multilevel Meta-analysis. JAMA psychiatry. 2013;70(7):750-761.
Wilson P, Rush R, Hussey S, et al. How evidence-based is an 'evidence-based parenting
program'? A PRISMA systematic review and Meta-analysis of Triple P. BMC medicine.
2012;10:130.
Wyatt Kaminski J, Valle L, Filene J, Boyle C. A Meta-analytic Review of Components
Associated with Parent Training Program Effectiveness. Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology. 2008;36(4):567-589.
Zwi M, Jones H, Thorgaard C, York A, Dennis Jane A. Parent training interventions for
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children aged 5 to 18 years.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011(12).
Studies identified from searching systematic
reviews (k = 6923)
(not counting duplicates)
Additional records identified through database search and contacting experts for studies not yet
systematically reviewed (k = 7105)
Duplicates (k = 614)
Iden
tific
atio
n &
Sc
reen
in g
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Figure 1. PRISMA Flow-Chart Meta-analysis 1.
Studies identified from searching systematic
reviews (k = 6923)
(not counting duplicates)
Duplicates (k = 614)
Studies identified through original database search
(k = 6599)(not counting duplicates)
Studies identified through other sources (e.g., asking experts)
(k = 17)
Studies identified through updated search (July 2016)
(k = 163)(not counting duplicates)
“GOLDEN COUPLE” FOR REDUCING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
Incl
ude d
Elig ibili ty
Studies screened on titles and abstracts
(k = 6779)
Studies included in Meta-analysis(k = 41)
Studies excluded(k = 6652)
Full-text articles assessed for eligibility
(k = 127)
Full-text articles excluded (k = 86)- did not meet inclusion criteria (k = 63)- study already included (k = 11)- no full-text available (k = 2)- no means and standard deviations reported (k = 10)
Iden
tific
atio
n &
Sc
reen
in g
Figure 2. PRISMA Flow-Chart Meta-analysis 2.