PULMONARY EDEMASLIDE #30

BY: Martin Allen Buenaventura2b - group2

CASE A 60 year old female,

known hypertensive and diagnosed of CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE complained of orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dsypnea. Atrial fibrillation occurred and patient succumbed.

What is Edema?

Is defined as an abnormal increase in interstitial fluid within a tissue

Etiology

Etiology

etiology

Cardiogenic – primary cause

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Decreased oncotic pressure: Nephrotic syndrome, hypoproteinemia

Lymphatic obstruction

pathogenesis Left sided heart failure

(MI, cardiomyopathy,HPN, valvular dse → decrease pumping ability to the systemic circulation → congestion and accumulation of blood in the pulmonary area → fluid leaks out of the intravascular space to the interstitium → accumulation of fluid in the alveoli

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(GROSS)

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(GROSS)

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(GROSS) 2-3 times heavier than

the normal weight Lungs appear red due to

congestion Sectioning of the lung

reveals a frothy blood tinged mixture of air and edema fluid.

Brown induration

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(histologic)

There is thickening of alveolar septal wall

Congestion of alveolar capillaries

Transudation-Alveolar lumen is filled with transudate (pale-eosinophilic, finely granular), a liquid which replaces the air.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES(histologic)

Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Edema

Tachypnea (+) crackles Cyanosis Dyspnea Orthopnea Coughing with blood-tinged sputum