publicacion oficial

TECNIACUSTICA 2013

44 CONGRESO ESPAOL DE ACSTICA 44 CONGRESSO ESPANHOL DE ACSTICA 44st SPANISH CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS

ENCUENTRO IBRICO DE ACSTICA ENCONTRO IBRICO DE ACSTICA IBERIAN MEETING ON ACOUSTICS

EAA EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS AND NOISE MAPPING

Valladolid, 1 - 4, Octubre / Outubro / October, 2013

PUBLICACIN OFICIAL DEL CONGRESO PUBLICAO OFICIAL DO CONGRESSO OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF CONGRESS

TECNIACSTICA 2013

44 CONGRESO ESPAOL DE ACSTICA 44 CONGRESSO ESPANHOL DE ACSTICA 44st SPANISH CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS

ENCUENTRO IBRICO DE ACSTICA ENCONTRO IBRICO DE ACSTICA IBERIAN MEETING ON ACOUSTICS

EAA EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS

AND NOISE MAPPING

CONGRESO, 2 - 4 octubre / Outubro / October, 2013

SYMPOSIUM, 1 octubre / Outubro / October, 2013

Sede del Congreso / Sede do Congresso / Congress Venue: Palacio de Congresos Conde Ansrez, Universidad de Valladolid Calle Real de Burgos, s/n 47011 Valladolid Sede del Simposio / Sede do Simposio / Symposium Venue Auditorio Miguel Delibes Sala de Cmara Av. Monasterio Ntra. Seora de Prado, 2 47015 Valladolid

ISBN: 978-84-87985-23-2 ISSN Digital: 2340-7441

Editores / Editors Antonio Calvo-Manzano (SEA)

Antonio Prez-Lpez (SEA) Editado por la Sociedad Espaola de Acstica en Madrid. Septiembre, 2013 Copyright: Sociedad Espaola de Acstica -SEA-

El texto completo de las Conferencias y Comunicaciones se encuentra en la Publicacin Oficial del Congreso en la WEB de la SEA: www.sea-acustica.es. O texto completo da Conferncia e Comunicaes est na Publicao Oficial do Congresso em la WEB do SEA: www.sea-acustica.es. The full text of the plenary lectures and papers can be found at the Congress Official Publication in the SEAs WEB: www.sea-acustica.es.

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COMITS / COMITS / COMMITTEES

COMIT DE HONOR / COMIT DE HONOR / HONOUR COMMITTEE

Excmo. Sr. D. Juan Vicente Herrera Campo Presidente de la Junta de Castilla y Len

Excmo. Sr. D. Francisco Javier Len de la Riva Alcalde de Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Valladolid.

Excmo. Sr. D. Antonio Silvn Rodrguez Consejero de Fomento y Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Castilla y Len.

Ilmo. Sr. D. Jess Julio Carnero Garca Presidente de la Excma. Diputacin Provincial de Valladolid

Excmo. Sr. D. Marcos Sacristn Represa Rector Magfco. de la Universidad de Valladolid

Excmo. Sr. D. Andrs Lara Senz Presidente de Honor de la Sociedad Espaola de Acstica

Ilma. Sra. Da. Mercedes Cantalapiedra lvarez Concejala de Cultura, Comercio y Turismo del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Valladolid

Ilmo. Sr. D. Jess Enrquez Tauler Concejal de Desarrollo Sostenible y Coordinacin Territorial del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Valladolid

Ilmo. Sr. D. Jos Manuel Lpez Rodrguez Vicerrector de Investigacin y Poltica Cientfica de la Universidad de Valladolid

Ilmo. Sr. D. Jos Rolando lvarez Valbuena Presidente de la Cmara Oficial de Comercio e Industria de Valladolid.

COMIT DEL CONGRESO / COMIT DO CONGRESSO / CONGRESS COMMITTEE

Marion Burgess (ICA) Ana Espinel (CTA) Jean Kergomard (EAA) Mara Machimbarrena (UVa) M. ngeles Martin Bravo (UVa) Jorge Patricio (SPA) Antonio Prez-Lpez (SEA) Michael Taroudakis (EAA) Michael Vorlaender (ICA)

COMIT ORGANIZADOR / COMIT ORGANIZADOR / ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Antonio Calvo-Manzano (SEA) Ana Delgado Portela (SEA) Ana Espinel (CTA-AUDIOTEC) Mara Machimbarrena (UVa) Mara ngeles Martin Bravo (UVa) Jos Salvador Santiago (SEA)

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COMIT TCNICO-CIENTFICO / COMIT TCNICO-CIENTFICO / TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Diogo Alarco (SPA) Snia Antunes (SPA) ngel Arenaz (AUDIOTEC) Jos Elas Arias Puga (PdeAudio) Jess Cepeda (ULE) Jorge Fradique (SPA) Eduardo Garca Ortiz (ULE) Lus Godinho (SPA) Marta Herraez (UVa) Antonio Hidalgo (CIDAUT) Crescencio Lora (AUDIOTEC) Marco Antonio Lora (CTA) Miguel ngel Morcillo (CIDUAT) Antonio Prez Garca (IBERACUSTICA) Jos Ignacio Snchez Rivera (UVa) Ana Isabel Tarrero (UVa)

ENTIDADES ORGANIZADORAS / ENTIDADES ORGANIZADORAS / ORGANIZING ENTITIES

Sociedad Espaola de Acstica (SEA) Universidad de Valladolid (UVa) Centro Tecnologico de Acstica-AUDIOTEC (CTA-AUDIOTEC) Sociedade Portuguesa de Acstica (SPA)

PATROCINIO INSTITUCIONAL / PATROCNIO INSTITUCIONAL / INSTITUTIONAL SPONSORSHIP

Junta de Castilla y Len Ayuntamiento de Valladolid European Acoustics Asociation International Commission for Acoustics

ENTIDADES COLABORADORAS / ENTIDADES COLABORADORAS / COLLABORATING ENTITIES

Diputacin Provincial de Valladolid Camara Oficial de Comercio e Industria de Valladolid Asociacin de Ingenieros de Telecomunicacin de Castilla y Len Colegio Oficial de Aperejadores y Arquitectos Tcnicos de Valladolid Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de Valladolid Este Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros Industriales de Valladolid Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros Tcnicos Industriales de Valladolid Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros Tcnicos de Telecomunicacin

EMPRESAS COLABORADORAS / EMPRESAS COLABORADORAS / COLLABORATING COMPANIES

lava Ingenieros ATF. Soluciones para ingeniera y arquitectura Audiotec Brel & Kjr Ibrica Cesva Instruments Datakustik GmbH dBelectronics Eurocoustic Iberacustica

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Microflown Technologies B.V. Noisefreetex Proceso Digital de Audio Rockwool Peninsular Saint-Gobain Isover Saint-Gobain Placo Ibrica Svantek

SECRETARA DEL CONGRESO / SECRETARA DO CONGRESSO / CONGRESS SECRETARIAT

Sociedad Espaola de Acstica E-mail: [email protected] WEB: http://www.sea-acustica.es

SEDE DEL CONGRESO CEDIDA POR: / SEDE CONGRESSO CEDIU POR: / CONGRESS VENUE BY COURTESY: UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID: Palacio de Congresos Conde Ansrez Calle Real de Burgos, s/n 47011 Valladolid

SEDE DEL SIMPOSIO CEDIDA POR: / SEDE SIMPOSIO CEDIU POR: / SYMPOSIUM VENUE BY COURTESY: JUNTA DE CASTILLA Y LEN: Auditorio Miguel Delibes Sala de Cmara Av. Monasterio Ntra. Seora de Prado, 2 47015 Valladolid

CARTERAS CONGRESISTAS PATROCINADAS POR: Centro Tecnolgico de Acstica-AUDIOTEC

ACTIVIDADES PARALELAS / ACTIVIDADES PARALELAS / PARALLEL ACTIVITIES ENCUENTRO JVENES ACSTICOS (YAN) Da 2 de octubre de 19:00 a 20:00 h. (Sede del Congreso)

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SESIONES ESTRUTURADAS / SESSES ESTRUCTURADAS / STRUCTURED SESSIONS

AAM-0 Acstica Ambiental. Gestin y control del Ruido / Acstica ambiental. Gesto e controlo de rudo / Environmental Acoustics. Management and control of noise.

Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Miguel ngel Morcillo y Fernando Lpez Santos

AAM-1 El Ruido de rodadora en vehculos terrestres / O rudo de rolamento de veculos terrestres / Rolling noise in vehicles. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Miguel ngel Morcillo y Fernando Lpez Santos

AAM-2 Dispositivos reductores del Ruido Ambiental: Pantallas Acsticas / Dispositivos de reduo de rudo ambiente. Barreiras acsticas / Environmental noise reducing devices: Acoustic barriers Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Roberto Cordero y Antonio Hidalgo

AAM-3 Mapas de Ruido: Nuevas metodologas para su elaboracin / Mapas de rudo. Novas metodologias para a sua elaborao / Noise maps: New methodologies. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Miguel Ausejo y Jos Luis Cueto

AAM-4 Proyectos europeos LIFE sobre Acstica Medioambiental / Projetos europeus LIFE sobre acstica do meio ambiente / LIFE european projects on Environmental Acoustics. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Jess Alba

AAM-5 Paisajes sonoros urbanos. Acstica urbana / Paisagens sonoras urbanas-Acstica urbana / Urban sound scapes. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Juan Miguel Barrign y Diego Pablo Ruiz

AAM-6 El Ruido y las ciudades inteligentes / O rudo e as cidades inteligentes / Noise and smart cities. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Xavier Valero

AAM-7 La Acstica en los espacios naturales / A acstica de espaos naturais / Acoustics in natural spaces. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Itziar Aspuru y Ricardo Hernndez

AAM-8 Exposicin a Ruido y Vibraciones en el ambiente laboral / Exposio a rudo e vibraes em contexto laboral / Noise and vibration exposure at work. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Jorge Fradique

AED-0 Acstica en la edificacin / Acstica na edificao / Acoustics in buildings. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Mara Jos de Rozas y Diogo Mateus

AED-1 Ensayos de intercomparacin de laboratorios de acstica / Ensaios de intercomparao de laboratrios de acstica / Acoustic laboratory intercomparison tests. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Ana Espinel y Angel Arenaz

AED-2 Normativa en acstica de edificios: Estudio, aplicaciones y propuestas alternativas / Normalizao em acstica de edifcios: estudo, aplicaes e propostas alternativas / Standards in building acoustics: studies, application and alternative proposals. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Mara Machimbarrena

AED-3 Medicin de parmetros acsticos en recintos segn UNE 3382 / Medio de parmetros acsticos em recintos segundo a norma UNE 3382 / Measurement of acoustic parameters in enclosures according to UNE 3382. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Miguel Arana, Itziar Aspuru y Cesar Daz Sanchidrian

AED-4 Rehabilitacin acstica / Reabilitao acstica / Acoustic rehabilitation. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Ana Espinel y Jos Antonio Tenorio

AEV-1 Vibroacstica / Vibroacstica / Vibroacoustics. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Lus Godinho y Jaime Ramis Soriano

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AFP-0 Acstica fisiolgica y psicolgica / Acstica fisiolgica e psicoacstica / Physiological acoustics and psichoacoustics. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Mara ngeles Martin Bravo y Ana Tarrero

AFP-1 Psicoacstica: Molestia originada por el ruido y su percepcin / Psicoacstica: incomodidade originada pelo rudo e sua propagao / Psichoacoustics: Anoyance originated by noise and its perception. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Mara ngeles Martin Bravo y Ana Tarrero

AFS-0 Acstica Fsica / Acstica fsica / Physical Acoustics. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Pedro Cobo y Francisco Simn

AFS-1 Procesado del sonido / Processamento do som / Processing of sound. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Juan Manuel Navarro

AMS-0 Acstica Musical / Acstica musical / Musical Acoustics. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Arturo Barba y Jos Ignacio Snchez Rivera

ASL-0 Acstica de Salas / Acstica de salas / Room Acoustics. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Daniel Fernndez Comesaa y Gustavo Almeida de Porto

ASL-1 Diseo acstico de salas y acstica virtual / Projeto acstico de salas e acstica virtual / Acoustic design of rooms and Virtual Acoustics. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Rosa Mara Cibrin y Alicia Gimnez

MAT-0 Materiales Acsticos / Materiais acsticos / Acoustic materials. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Mara Angeles Navacerrada

ULT-0 Ultrasonidos / Ultrasons / Ultrasound. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Enrique Riera y Vctor Snchez Morcillo

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NDICE DE CONFERENCIAS Y COMUNICACIONES NDICE DE CONFERNCIAS E COMUNICAES

INDEX OF LECTURES AND PAPERS

CONFERENCIAS PLENARIAS / CONFERNCIAS PLENRIAS / PLENARY LECTURES

CP 001. Monitoring the sea environment using Acoustics - The role of the acoustical Observatories Pg. 24 Michael Taroudokis

CP 002. En busca de un marco comn europeo en materia de aislamiento acstico en viviendas: Intercambio de experiencias y dificultad de consenso Pg. 33

Mara Machimbarrena, Patrizio Fausti

CP 003. La evolucin acstica: De la prescripcin a la prestacin. Pg. 66 Ana Espinel Valdivieso

COMUNICACIONES / COMUNICAES / PAPERS

AAM-0 ACSTICA AMBIENTAL. GESTIN Y CONTROL DEL RUIDO / ACSTICA AMBIENTAL. GESTO E CONTROLO DE RUDO / ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS. MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF NOISE.

Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Miguel ngel Morcillo y Fernando Lpez Santos

AAM-0 001. Red Iberoamericana en Ingeniera Acstica. Pg. 75 Ricardo Hernndez Molina, Diego Sales Mrquez, Jos Luis Cueto Ancela, Fernando Lpez Santos, Francisco Fernndez Zacaras

AAM-0 004. El espectro del viento. Pg. 83 Alice Elizabeth Gonzlez Fernndez, Marcos Ral Lisboa

AAM-0 005. Control activo de transmisin de ruido causado por sobreveuelo de aeronaves transmitido por una apertura en fachada. Pg. 91

Pmies, Teresa; Romeu, Jordi; Genesc, Meritxell; Arcos, Robert

AAM-0 006. Modelado acstico del tren de cercanas Valencia Grao de Gandia. Pg. 96 Laura Bert, Jess Alba; Romina Del Rey; Joaqun Penalba

AAM-0 007. Contaminacin acstica generada por infraestructuras de transporte: servidumbres acsticas. Pg. 105 Fernando Lpez Santos, David Carretero de la Rocha, Ricardo Hernndez Molina

AAM-0 008. Herramienta SIG para la toma de decisiones en la lucha contra el ruidode grandes infraestructuras de trfico en Andaluca: Proyecto Garita. Pg. 115 Cueto Ancela, Jos Luis; Hernndez Molina, Ricardo; Sales Mrquez, Diego; Lpez Santos, Fernando; Gey Flores, Ricardo; Martnez Zacaras, Francisco; Carretero de la Rocha, David

AAM-0 010. Estudio comparativo de metodologas para la estimacin de la poblacin afectada por ruido ambiental en entornos urbanos. Pg. 123 Peral Orts, Ramn; Muoz-Pearrubia, Rosala; Campello-Vicente, Hctor; Campillo-Dav,Nuria; Velasco-Snchez, Emilio

AAM-0 011. Propuesta metodolgica para la elaboracin de planes de accin en materia de contaminacin acstica en municipios de menos de 100.000 habitantes. Pg. 131

Ignacio Riesco, Jos Ignacio; Prez Blazquez, Mayte; Lora Espinel, Marco

AAM-0 012. Anlisis del comportamiento sonoro de los vehculos inspeccionados en las estaciones

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ITVS de la Comunidad Valenciana. Pg. 139 Peral Orts, Ramn; Velasco-Snchez, Emilio; Campillo-Dav, Nuria; Campello-Vicente, Hctor; Gaja-Daz, Esteban

AAM-0 013. Estudio comparativo de los mapas estratgicos de ruido. Pg. 147 Perera Martn, Roco; Perera Melero, Plcido

AAM-0 014. Comparacin entre el mtodo de clculo de ruido de trfico rodado NMPB96 y su posterior actualizacin NMPB08 sobre un caso prctico de estudio. Pg. 155

Anna Gen Miralles, Xavier Valero Gonzlez

AAM-1 EL RUIDO DE RODADORA EN VEHCULOS TERRESTRES / O RUDO DE ROLAMENTO DE VECULOS TERRESTRES / ROLLING NOISE IN VEHICLES. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Miguel ngel Morcillo y Fernando Lpez Santos

AAM-1 001. Caracterizacin de mezclas bituminosas mediante diferentes tcnicas de ensayo: rigidez dinmica, CPX y absorcin acstica. Pg. 165

Victoriano Fernndez Vzquez, Santiago Expsito Paje

AAM-1 002. Influencia de la temperatura en el ruido generado por la rodadura de un vehculo. Pg. Morcillo, Miguel ngel

AAM-2 DISPOSITIVOS REDUCTORES DEL RUIDO AMBIENTAL: PANTALLAS ACSTICAS / DISPOSITIVOS DE REDUO DE RUDO AMBIENTE. BARREIRAS ACSTICAS / ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE REDUCING DEVICES: ACOUSTIC BARRIERS Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Roberto Cordero y Antonio Hidalgo

AAM-2 001. Insertion loss provided by a periodic structure numericaland experimental evaluation. Pg. 174 Mrio Martins; Jesus Carbajo; Lus Godinho; Paulo Amado-Mendes; Jaime Ramis

AAM-2 002.C.I. La precisin en el estudio acstico elemento necesario para mejorar la eficiencia de las pantallas acsticas. Pg. 182

Alberto Bauelos, Mnica Toms, Rubn Mateos, Jos Mara Prez

AAM-2 003. Use of genetic algorithms in the numerical calculation of noise barriers. Pg. Jambrosic, Kristian

AAM-2 004.C.I. Proyecto Europeo QUIEST: Diseo y utilizacin ptima de pantallas acsticas. Pg. 189 Miguel Angel Morcillo, Beatriz Bragado, Antonio Hidalgo, Roberto Cordero

AAM-2 005. Elaboracin de una base de datos sobre la variacin del coeficiente de absorcin acstico de la madera por medio de cavidades cilndricas. Pg.

Martn Mata, Julio

AAM-2 006. Diseo de prototipos de pantallas acsticas a partir de composites textiles. Pg. 199 Romina del Rey Tormos, Jess Alba, Laura Bert,Rafa Balart, Ren Quirs,

Vicente Sanchis

AAM-2 008.C.I. Pantallas acsticas: Marcando la diferencia. Pg. Hidalgo Otemeni, Antonio

AAM-2 009.C.I. Pantallas acsticas basadas en cristales de sonido. Pg. 205 J. Redondo, J.V. Snchez-Prez, J.M. Fuster, J.M. Barrign, P. Atanasio

AAM-3 MAPAS DE RUIDO: NUEVAS METODOLOGAS PARA SU ELABORACIN / MAPAS DE RUDO. NOVAS METODOLOGIAS PARA A SUA ELABORAO / NOISE MAPS: NEW METHODOLOGIES. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Miguel Ausejo y Jos Luis Cueto

AAM-3 001.C.I. Noise maps for environmental sound management and planning. Pg. 214 Jose Luis Bento Coelho, Diogo Alarco

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AAM-3 002.C.I. Anlisis comparativo de MER (fases I y II) en aglomeraciones europeas. Pg. 224 Salinas, J.C.; San Martn, R.; Arana, M.

AAM-3 003.C.I. Gestin y control de calidad de grandes mapas de ruido. Pg. 233 Shilton, Simon; Jones, Nigel; Hepworth, Peter; Stimac, Alan; Ausejo, Miguel

AAM-3 004.C.I. Exigencias adicionales a los mapas de ruido para el desarrollo de los planes de accin. Pg. 241 Alberto Bauelos, Naiara Navas, Mnica Toms, Beatriz Lagartos, Rubn Mateos

AAM-3 005.C.I. Intersecciones semaforizadas en la ciudad y ruido ambiental. Pg. 247 Jos Luis Cueto Ancela; Ricardo Hernndez Molina, Francisco Fernndez Zacaras.

AAM-3 006.C.I. ndice para determinacin de la prioridad de actuacin en los tramos de carretera de un Plan de Accin contra el Ruido. Pg. 257

Alejandro Ruiz, Angel Ramos, Antonio Torija, Diego P. Ruiz Padillo

AAM-3 007.C.I. El Mtodo de Categorizacin. Ventajas e inconvenientes de un muestreo estratificado. Pg. 265 Barrign Morillas. Juan Miguel; Gmez Escobar; Valentn; Rey Gozalo, Guillermo; Vlchez-Gmez, Rosendo; Trujillo Carmona, Jos; Mndez Sierra, Juan Antonio; Carmona del Ro, Javier; Prieto Gajardo, Carlos; Atanasio Moraga, Pedro; Montes Gonzlez, David.

AAM-3 008.C.I. Clasificacin acstica de reas urbanas a partir de los niveles de ruido debidos al trfico utilizando un modelo no lineal mixto. Pg. 273

Luis Ambrosio Flores, Valero Pascual Gallego, Luis Iglesias Martnez, Csar Daz Sanchidrin, Antonio Pedrero Gonzlez

AAM-3 009.C.I. Caracterizacin acstica de una glorieta. Pg. 281 Fernando Lpez Santos; David Carretero de la Rocha

AAM-3 010.C.I. Mapa acstico en zonas ZARE (Zona Acstica de Rgimen Especial) formada por actividades de ocio. Pg. 291

Jimnez Daz, Santiago, Romeu Garbi, Jordi; Balany Anguera, Alguer

AAM-3 011.C.I. Realidad virtual en el diseo de planes de accin contra el ruido de ocio: Proyecto piloto de la avenida Plutarco. Pg. 299 Basturk, Seckin; Perea Prez, Francisca; Medina-Montoya Hellgren, Luis; Cardador Jimnez, Tatiana

AAM-3 012. Modelado y clculo de la radiacion sonora procedente de conducciones de gas en instalaciones industriales. Pg. 308

Notario Tvar, Antonio

AAM-3 013. Estudio acstico de las zonas peatonales. Pg. 316 Estvez Mauriz, Laura; Garca Ortiz, Eduardo; Cepeda Riao, Jess; Brdalo Salcedo,

Gabriel; de Barrios Carro, Mercedes; de Barrios Carro, Miguel ngel

AAM-3 014. Estudio del impacto del ruido por trfico vehicular en las delegaciones y barrios de la ciudad de Mxico: El caso de la delegacin Azcapotzalco. Pg. 325 Fausto E. Rodrguez Manzo, Elisa Garay Vargas, Laura A. Lancn Rivera

SIP-0 004. El primer mapa de ruido para la zona metropolitana del Valle de Mxico: El caso del ruido por trfico vehicular. Pg. 333 Fausto E. Rodrguez Manzo, Elisa Garay Vargas, Laura A. Lancn Rivera

AAM-3 015. Modelamiento y elaboracin de mapas de ruido pilotos para el distrito metropolitano de Quito. Pg. 341

Garzn Pic, Christian Santiago; Prado, Mara Luisa

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AAM-3 016. Avances en Mapas de Ruido en Chile. Pg. 348 Surez Silva, Enrique; Quezada Barrera, Roberto

AAM-4 PROYECTOS EUROPEOS LIFE SOBRE ACSTICA MEDIOAMBIENTAL / PROJETOS EUROPEUS LIFE SOBRE ACSTICA DO MEIO AMBIENTE / LIFE EUROPEAN PROJECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ACOUSTICS. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Jess Alba

AAM-4 001.C.I. SEAMATTER - Revalorization of coastal algae wastes in textile nonwoven industry with applications in building noise isolation. Pg. 356 Eduardo Fages, Sagrario Girons, Miriam Martinez, Rafael Antonio Balart, Daniel Garca

AAM-4 002. Proyecto CIP Eco-Innovation: INPAT - Impact Noise insulating PAnel from Textile industry waste. Pg. 362 Bruno Marco, Maria Blanes, Korina Molla, ngel Ruiz, Rafael Agull

AAM-4 003.C.I LIFE NOISEFREETEX. Influencia del perforado en pantallas acsticas elaboradas a partir de velos de nanofibras. Pg. 369 Romina del Rey Tormos, Jess Alba, Maria Blanes, Korina Molla, Bruno Marco, Enrico Fatarella, Francisca Peruzzi, Vicente Sanchis

AAM-4 004. LIFE NOISEFREETEX. Influencia de la posicin del velo de nanofibra en soluciones acsticas. Pg. 376 Romina Del Rey, Jess Alba, Enrico Fatarella, Francesca Peruzzi, Vicente Sanchis

AAM-4 005. LIFE NOISEFREETEX. Desarrollo de una herramienta de simulacin en soluciones con acabados de materiales textiles. Pg. 382

Jess Alba, Romina Del Rey, Laura Bert, Maria Blanes, Korina Molla, Bruno Marco

AAM-5 PAISAJES SONOROS URBANOS. ACSTICA URBANA / PAISAGENS SONORAS URBANAS-ACSTICA URBANA / URBAN SOUND SCAPES. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Juan Miguel Barrign y Diego Pablo Ruiz

AAM-5 001.C.I. Herramientas de anlisis del espacio urbano. Recorridos sonoros. Pg. 389 Cristina Palmese, Jos Luis Carles

AAM-5 003.C.I. Diagnstico de confort acstico en zonas susceptibles de convertirse en Islas Sonoras. Pg. 397 Igone Garca, Karmele Herranz, Itziar Aspuru

AAM-5 004.C.I. Urban park soundscape. Pg. 405 Jose Luis Bento Coelho, Mohammed Boubezari, Antnio C. Lobo Soares

AAM-5 006.C.I. Espacios con Esttica sonora. Pg. 412 Francesc Daumal i Domnech, Fernando Valds Orellana

AAM-5 007. Evaluacin de la calidad sonora ambiental en espacios representativos del paisaje sonoro del Albaycn (Granada). Pg. 420 Francisco Garca-Checa, Germn Prez, Antonio Torija, Diego P. Ruiz

AAM-5 009. Caracterizacin del paisaje sonoro rural. Alcntara, un pueblo de la raya extremea. Pg. 428 Juan Miguel Barrign Morillas, David Montes Gonzlez, ngel Merchn lvarez, Pedro Atanasio Moraga, Valentn Gmez Escobar, Rosendo Vlchez-Gmez, Juan Antonio Mndez Sierra, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Carlos Prieto Gajardo, Rubn Maderuelo Sanz, Manuel Martn Castizo, Jos Trujillo Carmona, Javier Carmona del Ro.

AAM-5 010. Estudio y comparativa de doce Mapas Estratgicos de Ruido realizados en Castilla y Len. Pg. 437 Ignacio Riesco, Jos Ignacio; Herranz Pedriza, Sara; Sendn Martn, Alejandro; Sanchez Gozalo, Gema; Lora Espinel, Marco

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AAM-5 011. El espectrograma como base para la agrupacin de paisajes sonoros urbanos. Pg. 445 Moreno Escorza, Javier; Zamora i Mestre, Joan-Llus

AAM-6 EL RUIDO Y LAS CIUDADES INTELIGENTES / O RUDO E AS CIDADES INTELIGENTES / NOISE AND SMART CITIES. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Xavier Valero

AAM-6 001.C.I. Solutions to noise problems for smart cities. Pg. 454 Sergio Luzzi, Rossella Natale

AAM-6 002.C.I. On smart urban sound management. Pg. 462 Jose Luis Bento Coelho, Diogo Alarco

AAM-6 003.C.I. Gestin de la red de sonmetros de intemprie de Barcelona. Pg. 470 Camps Farrs, Jlia

AAM-6 004. DAPNET: Herramientas para la integracin del ruido en las smartcity. Pg. 478 Arias Puga, Jos Elas; Rodriguez Fernndez, Jorge; Garcia, Elena

AAM-6 005. Wireless sensor networks with noise source recognition capabilities. Pg. 487 Valero Gonzalez, Xavier; Alas Pujol, F.

AAM-6 006. Environmental Noise perception assessment: citizen as a sensor. Pg. 494 Carolina Rodrigues A. Monteiro, Alberto Zamarrn Pinilla

AAM-6 007.C.I. Using smartphones as personal monitoring tools for the acoustic environment. Pg. 502 Cordeiro, Joo; Barbosa, lvaro

AAM-7 LA ACSTICA EN LOS ESPACIOS NATURALES / A ACSTICA DE ESPAOS NATURAIS / ACOUSTICS IN NATURAL SPACES. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Itziar Aspuru y Ricardo Hernndez

AAM-7 001.C.I. The impact of wind farms in natural areas: objective and subjective approach. Pg. 513 Aletta Francesco; Maffei Luigi; Masullo Massimiliano; Sorrentino Francesco;

Di Gabriele Maria

AAM-7 003.C.I. Evaluacin de la calidad sonora de zonas naturales: caso piloto en Bilbao del proyecto LIFE+QUADMAP. Pg. 524 Karmele Herranz-Pascual; Igone Garca; Itziar Aspuru

AAM-7 004.C.I.Caracterizacin del paisaje sonoro natural. El Parque Nacional de Monfrage. Pg. 532 Juan Miguel Barrign Morillas, Pedro Atanasio Moraga, Leonor Retortillo Osuna,

David Montes Gonzlez, Valentn Gmez Escobar, Rosendo Vlchez-Gmez, Juan Antonio Mndez Sierra, Guillermo Rey Gozalo, Carlos Prieto Gajardo; Rubn Maderuelo Sanz; Manuel Martn Castizo, Jos Trujillo Carmona, Javier Carmona del Ro

AAM-7 005. Ruido no parque nacional da Peneda-Geres, Portugal. Pg. 540 Antnio P. O. Carvalho; Miguel A. G. Pereira

AAM-7 006.C.I. Desarrollo y validacin de una metodologa para la caracterizacin del paisaje sonoro en reas rurales. Pg. 548

Lpez Uribarri, L; Daz Varela, E.R; Marey Prez, M.F.

AAM-7 007.C.I. Pautas para la gestin del ruido sobre especies de fauna y espacios naturales protegidos. Pg. 556

Mara Angeles Martn Bravo, Joaqun Grijota

AAM-7 008.C.I. Mapa estratgico de ruido del Campus Universitario de Rabanales de la Universidad

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Crdoba. Pg. 563 Arroyo Mora, Azahara; Redel Macas, Maria Dolores; Cubero Atienza, Antonio Jos

AAM-7 009.C.I. Presencia de la actividad antropica sobre el parque metropolitano Marisma de los Toruos y Pinar de la Algaida. Pg. 571 Ruiz Garca, Sergio J.; Hernndez Molina, Ricardo; Fernndez Zacaras, Francisco; Cueto Ancela, Jos Luis; Gey Flores, Ricardo

AAM-8 EXPOSICIN A RUIDO Y VIBRACIONES EN EL AMBIENTE LABORAL / EXPOSIO A RUDO E VIBRAES EM CONTEXTO LABORAL / NOISE AND VIBRATION EXPOSURE AT WORK. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Jorge Fradique

AAM-8 001. Evolucion y analisis de la normativa de ruido en buques mercantes. Pg. 580 Bermdez Rodrguez, Francisco Javier; Hernndez Molina, Ricardo; Muoz Rubio, Aurelio; Fernndez Zacaras, Francisco; Cueto Ancela, Jos Luis

AAM-8 002. Diseo e implementacin de un sistema de anlisis de seales acsticas de aviso y alarma para trabajadores en la industria. Pg. 588

Luis Fernando Hermida Cadena, Alexander Ortega

AAM-8 003. Nuevas configuraciones de paneles acsticos para el encapsulado de maquinaria. Pg. 604 Aparicio, Luis; Espinel Valdivieso, Ana

AED-0 ACSTICA EN LA EDIFICACIN / ACSTICA NA EDIFICAO / ACOUSTICS IN BUILDINGS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Mara Jos de Rozas y Diogo Mateus

AED-0 001. Anlisis del comportamiento acstico en locales. Estudio Prctico. Pg. 612 Herranz Garca, Silvia

AED-0 002. Revestimientos de suelo: ruido de paso y confort acstico. Pg. 620 Rozas Lpez, Maria Jose de; Etxebeste, Mikel; Lpez, Javier

AED-0 003. El aislamiento acstico a ruido areo de las ventanas monobloque con sistemas de aireacin permanente. Pg. 628

Csar Daz, Alexander Daz-Chyla, M A Navacerrada, Antonio Pedrero

AED-0 004. Avaliao acstica de edifcios habitacionais - Anlise dos coeficientes de ponderao associados aos vrios ndices de comportamento acstico. Pg. 638

Rui Miguel Cunha da Silva, Jorge Patrcio, Daniel Aelenei

AED-0 005. Desempenho acstico de lajes mistas madeira-beto estudo experimental. Pg. 646 Luis Godinho, Alfredo Dias, Carlos Martins, Pedro Almeida

AED-0 006. Avaliao experimental da reduo sonora de revestimentos de piso e de sistema de piso flutuante Comparao entre valores de reduo sonora obtidos em laboratrio e in situ. Pg. 654 Diogo Mateus, Hlder Gonalves, Andreia Pereira

AED-0 007. Desempenho Acstico de Sistemas de Piso em Edificaes Residenciais. Pg. 662 Adriano Tomasi, Maria Fernanda de Oliveira Nunes, Everton Maurilio do Prado

AED-0 008. Contribucin de la vibracin de las paredes de un recinto a la desviacin estndar de L2 en medidas de aislamiento a ruido areo. Pg. 669

M Angeles Navacerrada, Csar Daz, Antonio Pedrero

AED-0 009. Incertidumbre en medidas acsticas. Pg. 677 Tarrero Fernndez, Ana Isabel; Arribas del Olmo, ngel; Martn Bravo, M ngeles; Machimbarrena Gutirrez, Mara

AED-0 010. Rudo de impacto con placas de resduos de poliuretano. Pg. 683

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Bruna de Carli Pagnan, Maria Fernanda de O. Nunes, Mra Zeni, Ana Maria Grisa, Daniel Tregnago Pagnussat

AED-0 011. Aplicao informtica livre para clculo do tempo de reverberao em espaos com absoro sonora irregular. Pg. 690

Vitor Carlos Tadeia Roso, Eusbio Conceio

AED-0 013. Bsqueda de la sostenibilidad en los grandes proyectos de ingeniera mediante la modelizacin acstica 3D y la optimizacin de los sistemas constructivos. Pg. 699

Rodrguez Rodrguez, Francisco Javier Goicoechea Castao, Itziar; Fenollera Bolibar, Mara; Patio Cambeiro, Faustino; Patio Barbeito, Faustino

AED-0 014. Estudio acstico de las primeras edificaciones cistercienses de Santes Creus y Poblet. Resultados experimentales. Pg. 707

Roig Fernandez, Jose M.; Esteve Agustench, Francisco Javier; Gonzalez Baixauli, Genaro, Daumal i Domenech, Francesc

AED-0 015. Influencia de la fibra de refuerzo de Green Composite en sus propiedades acsticas. Pg. 716 Romina Del Rey, Laura Bert, Jess Alba, Francesc X. Espinach , Fabiola Vilaseca, Pere Mutj

AED-0 016. Measurements of airborne and impact sound insulation of Swiss timber constructions. Pg. 722 Melin Hernndez, Amabel; Geyer, Christoph; Mller, Andreas; Sanavi, Ali.

AED-0 017. Adecuacin acstica de un espacio polivalente de grandes dimensiones. Pg. 730 Hidalgo Otemeni, Antonio; Capablo Lacambra, Jorge

AED-0 018. Modelizacin acstica en instalaciones de climatizacin. Pg. 738 Peinado Hernndez, Fernando; Bermejo Presa, Nicolas

AED-1 ENSAYOS DE INTERCOMPARACIN DE LABORATORIOS DE ACSTICA / ENSAIOS DE INTERCOMPARAO DE LABORATRIOS DE ACSTICA / ACOUSTIC LABORATORY INTERCOMPARISON TESTS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Ana Espinel y ngel Arenaz

AED-1 001. Ensaio de aptido acstica de edifcios: rudo particular de equipamentos coletivos em edifcios. Pg. 748

Jorge Fradique, Isabel Lea, Mrio Mateus, Ftima Ingls

AED-1 002.C.I. Acreditacin de laboratorios de Acstica segn la UNE.EN.ISO 17025. Pg. 756 Recuero, Oscar

AED-1 003.C.I. Intercomparaciones de ensayos acsticos segn la UNE.EN.ISO 17043. Pg. 761 Recuero, Oscar

AED-1 004.C.I. La importancia de la logstica en los programas de intercomparacin acstica. Pg. 766 Bravo Arranz, Daniel; Arenaz Gombau, Angel; Espinel Valdivieso, Ana

AED-1 005. Experiencia de AECOR como entidad organizadora de ejercicios de Intercomparacin. Pg. Gmez Garca, Sonsoles

AED-2 NORMATIVA EN ACSTICA DE EDIFICIOS: ESTUDIO, APLICACIONES Y PROPUESTAS ALTERNATIVAS / NORMALIZAO EM ACSTICA DE EDIFCIOS: ESTUDO, APLICAES E PROPOSTAS ALTERNATIVAS / STANDARDS IN BUILDING ACOUSTICS: STUDIES, APPLICATION AND ALTERNATIVE PROPOSALS. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Mara Machimbarrena

AED-2 001.C.I. Futuro de la medida y evaluacin del aislamiento acstico de edificios: estado de la normativa en proceso de modificacin. Pg. 773

Mara Machimbarena, Mariano Alvarez

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AED-2 002.C.I. Distribucin del campo en un recinto a bajas frecuencias. Pg. 782 Anthony, D. K.; Fernndez de las Heras, M. J.; Simn Hidalgo, F.

AED-2 003.C.I. Influncia da incluso de medies em baixa frequncia na determinao dos ndices de isolamento sonoro. Pg. 789 Julieta Antnio, Diogo Mateus

AED-2 004.C.I. Posibles problemas asociados a la ampliacin del rango de frecuencias para la evaluacin del aislamiento a ruido areo in situ. Pg. 797 Pedersoli, S.; Machimbarrena, M.; Rodriguez, C.; Smith, S.

AED-2 005.C.I. Norma brasileira ABNT NBR 15575 - edificaes habitacionais Desempenho. Pg. 805 Davi Akerman, Juan Frias

AED-2 007. El comportamiento acstico de los edificios en la certificacin medioambiental. Pg. 811 Gonzlez Gaya, Cristina; Theirs Rodrguez, Eduardo; Gonzlez Gaya, Emilio

AED-2 008.C.I. Exactitud de los software de prediccin acstica en el cumplimiento del DB-HR. Pg. 819 Pedersoli, Stefano; Sorribas Panero, R.; Cantalapiedra Vargas, M.

AED-2 009.C.I. Aplicacin de tcnicas de medida por escaneo en el anlisis del nivel sonoro envolvente, localizacin de las fuentes contributivas y niveles de inmisin en recintos protegidos. Pg. 827

Dolores Garca Escribano, Daniel Fernndez Comesaa

AED-2 010. Caso prctico de aplicacin de un Sistema Integral de Certificacin Acstica de Edificios. Pg. 835 Arenaz Gombau, Angel; Espinel Valdivieso, Ana

AED-2 011. Proyectos acsticos: Cuando la solucin se adelanta al problema. La Normativa Acstica como herramienta de Diseo Arquitectnico. Pg. 844 Quintero Espina, Raquel; Espinel Valdivieso, Ana

AED-2 012.C.I. Equipamiento tranquilo. Pg. 851 Francesc Daumal i Domnech, Susana Garca Bujalance

AED-2 013. La Certificacin Acstica de las VPO del Patronat Municipal de l Habitatge de Barcelona como garanta de calidad. Pg. 861

Pilar Florensa Suriach

AED-3 MEDICIN DE PARMETROS ACSTICOS EN RECINTOS SEGN UNE 3382 / MEDIO DE PARMETROS ACSTICOS EM RECINTOS SEGUNDO A NORMA UNE 3382 / MEASUREMENT OF ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS IN ENCLOSURES ACCORDING TO UNE 3382. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Miguel Arana, Itziar Aspuru y Cesar Daz Sanchidrian

AED-3 001.C.I. ARETO 1.0: Software para la caracterizacin acstica de recintos. Pg. 869 Machn, J.; Arregui, A.; San Martn, R.; Arana, M.

AED-3 002.C.I. Determinacin del nmero de posiciones de medida en una sala mediante el uso de variogramas. Pg. 877 Montell Serrano, Radha; Cerd, Salvador; Segura, Jaume; Gimnez, Alicia; Cibrin, Rosa; Barba, Arturo

AED-3 003.C.I. Estudio del acoplamiento acstico en la catedral de Toledo a partir de medidas experimentales. Pg. 885

Marta Fernndez, Antonio Peir, Rogelio Ruiz, Antonio Pedrero, Csar Daz

AED-3 004.C.I. Variacin espacial del parmetro T30 y su influencia en la caracterizacin de una sala. Pg. 893 Arregui, A.; Machn, J.; San Martn, R.; Arana, M.

15

AED-3 005.C.I. La acstica de las catedrales andaluzas. Pg. 901 lvarez-Morales, L.; Galindo, M.; Girn, S.; Zamarreo, T.

AED-3 006. Herramienta de Kriging para la interpolacin espacial. A case study. Pg. 909 Machn, J.;Arana, M.; San Martn, R.; Arregui, A.

AED-3 007. Software acstico de medida y evaluacin de recintos. Pg. 916 Torres Snchez, Jess Javier; Martn Cruzado, Carlos; Luna Ramrez, Salvador

AED-4 REHABILITACIN ACSTICA / REABILITAO ACSTICA / ACOUSTIC REHABILITATION. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Ana Espinel y Jos Antonio Tenorio

AED-4 001. Aislamiento acstico de forjados de madera en la rehabilitacin de un edificio histrico. Pg. 924 Romero Fernndez, Amelia; Carrascal Garca, M Teresa; Muzio, Giovanni

AED-4 002. Calidad acstica en el sector hotelero: Ejemplos de xito de reconversin de edificios existentes. Pg. 937

Adolfo Somolinos

AED-4 003. Gua de soluciones constructivas con placa de yeso laminado y lana mineral para el cumplimiento del CTE. Pg. 944

Penlope Gonzlez de la Pea

AED-4 004. Un capricho: el confort acstico (low cost). Pg. 953 Jordi Bolea, D. Albizu, D., A. Manyes

AED-4 005. Uso de tcnicas de intensidad sonora y BeamForming como herramientas de deteccin de debilitamientos acsticos en soluciones constructivas. Pg. 958 Canella Fernndez, Andrs; Frutos Vzquez, Borja; Olaya Adn, Manuel; Liao Aguilar, Jos

AED-4 006.C.I. Guas y documentos de ayuda en rehabilitacin. Pg. Julian Dominguez

AED-4 007.C.I. Criterios de aplicacin del DB HR en edificios existentes. Pg. 966 Vega Catal, Luis; Carrascal Garca, M Teresa; Romero Fernndez, Amelia

AEV-1 VIBROACSTICA / VIBROACSTICA / VIBROACOUSTICS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Lus Godinho, Jaime Ramis Soriano y Paulo Amado Mendes

AEV-1 001. Anlise Comparativa de Medies de Vibrao e de Isolamento Sonoro em Edifcios. Pg. 974 Tadeia Roso, Vitor Carlos, Ana Carreira

AEV-1 002. Simulacin por el mtodo de los elementos finitos de la transmisin del sonido en edificios. Pg. 983

Magdaleno Martn, Jess; Martn Bravo, Mara ngeles; Garca Tern, Jos Mara

AEV-1 003.C.I. Avaliao experimental da reduo sonora de sistema de piso flutuante com lajetas em microbeto e em pedra. Pg. 991

Diogo Mateus, Andreia Pereira, Hlder Gonalves, Lus Godinho, Fernando G. Branco

AEV-1 004.C.I. Comparacin de tcnicas de caracterizacin de suelos flotantes. Pg. 000 Segovia Eulogio, Enrique Gonzalo; Torres, Jeniffer; Carbajo, Jess; Ramis, Jaime

AEV-1 005. Estudio acstico de reactores qumicos ultrasnicos. Pg. 1.007 Jaime Ramis Soriano, Pedro Poveda, Pedro Bonete, Teresa Lana-Villarreal, Francisco J. Navarro

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AEV-1 006. Estudio numrico de la absorcin sonora de paneles perforados. Pg. 1.015 Jesus Carbajo San Martn, Lus Godinho, Paulo Amado Mendes, Jaime Ramis

AEV-1 007. Estudio numrico del efecto de modificacin del perfil en altavoces de radiacin directa de gran tamao. Pg. 1.021 Ramis Soriano, Jaime; Carbajo, J.; Segovia, E.; Esp, A.; Martnez, J.

AEV-1 008.C.I. Modal analysis of a portuguese guitar using a 3d finite element model with string tension. Pg. 1.027

Joo P. B. Loureno, Miguel M. Neves

AEV-1 009. Modelao numrica 3D do comportamento de cornetas acsticas. Pg. 1.036 Paulo Amado Mendes, Lus Godinho, Jesus Carbajo, Jaime Ramis Soriano

AEV-1 010. Caracterizacin de la impedancia de transferencia de materiales porosos-fibrosos usando holografia acstica de campo cercano (NAH) Pg. 1.044 Torres Romero, Jeniffer; Petite, Maxence; Carvajo, Jess; Segovia, Enrique; Ramis Soriano, Jaime

AFP-0 ACSTICA FISIOLGICA Y PSICOLGICA / ACSTICA FISIOLGICA E PSICOACSTICA / PHYSIOLOGICAL ACOUSTICS AND PSICHOACOUS-TICS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Mara ngeles Martin Bravo y Ana Tarrero

AFP-0 001.C.I. Por qu oigo pero no entiendo lo que me dicen? Posibles mecanismos y consecuencias de la desinervacin auditiva. Pg. 1.054

Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda, Pablo Barrios

AFP-1 PSICOACSTICA: MOLESTIA ORIGINADA POR EL RUIDO Y SU PERCEPCIN / PSICOACSTICA: INCOMODIDADE ORIGINADA PELO RUDO E SUA PROPAGAO / PSICHOACOUSTICS: ANOYANCE ORIGINATED BY NOISE AND ITS PERCEPTION. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Mara ngeles Martin Bravo y Ana Tarrero

AFP-1 001. Frequency modulated signals masked by tonal components - a psycho-acoustic perspective. Pg.

Preto Paulo, Joel

AFP-1 002. On the rolling noise of passenger car tyres. Pg. 1.056 Makram Zebian, Ernst-Ulrich Saemann, Christoph Bederna

AFP-1 003.C.I. Cabinas de ensayo en conservatorios. Pg. 1.062 Francesc Daumal i Domnech, Marisa Luceo

AFP-1 004.C.I. Resultados de una encuesta realizada como parte del plan de accin de Len: La percepcin ciudadana. Pg. 1.070 Estvez Mauriz, Laura; Garca Ortiz, Eduardo; Cepeda Riao, Jess; Brdalo Salcedo, Gabriel; de Barrios Carro, Mercedes; de Barrios Carro, Miguel ngel

AFP-1 005.C.I. Estudio de la relacin entre la molestia percibida y ciertos parmetros acsticos. Pg. 1.077 Barrign Morillas, Juan Miguel; Vlchez-Gmez, Rosendo; Gmez Monroy, Mara G.; Izquierdo Maldonado, Mara; Talavero Lorenzo, Paloma; de la Montaa Gutirrez, David; Trujillo Carmona, Jos; Rey Gozalo, Guillermo; Gmez Escobar, Valentn; Mndez Sierra, Juan Antonio; Prieto Gajardo, Carlos; Carmona del Ro, F. Javier

AFP-1 007.C.I. Anlisis del confort acstico en diferentes ambientes. Pg. 1.085 Martn B., M ngeles; Tarrero F., Ana Isabel; Anta P., Alfonso; Enrquez J., Diego

AFP-1 008. Avaliao da incomodidade induzida pelo rudo de vizinhana no interior das habitaes em Portugal. Pg. 1.094

Snia Antunes, Miguel Anjos

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AFP-1 009. Clculo de curvas NC en tercios de octava y su aplicacin prctica. Pg. 1.099 Garca Garca, Ricardo

AFS-0 ACSTICA FSICA / ACSTICA FSICA / PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Pedro Cobo y Francisco Simn

AFS-0 001.C.I. Effects of the boundary conditions on the propagation of pressure waves governed by a one-dimensional lighthill-westervelt equation. Pg. 1.108

Juan Ignacio Ramos Sobrado

AFS-0 002.C.I. Effects of time-delay on one-dimensional nonlinear acoustics. Pg. 1.116 Juan Ignacio Ramos Sobrado

AFS-0 003. Subsoil characterization with use of acoustical methods. Pg. 1.124 Konkov, Andrey; Lebedev, Andrey; Manakov, Sergey

AFS-0 004.C.I. Object detection and representation procedure for a navigation device for blind people. Pg. 1.131 Larisa Dunai, Ismael Lengua, Guillermo Peris-Fajarns, Beatriz Defez

AFS-0 005.C.I. Frequency response of double leaf structures due to fluid-structure interaction. Pg. 1.141 Marcos Chimeno Mangun, M. Jos Fernndez de las Heras, Elena Roibas Milln, Francisco Simn Hidalgo

AFS-1 PROCESADO DEL SONIDO / PROCESSAMENTO DO SOM / PROCESSING OF SOUND. Coordinador / Coordenador / Coordinator: Juan Miguel Navarro

AFS-1 001.C.I. Low computational cost equalization and modeling of audio systems. Pg. 1.151 Germn Ramos, Balzs Bank

AFS-1 002. Psychoacoustic model in a perceptual compression system based on the Wavelet transform. Pg. 1.159 Herrera Martnez, Marcelo; Guzmn Palacios, Ana Mara

AFS-1 003.C.I. Instrument models and its applications. Pg. 1.168 Pedro Vera-Candeas; Francisco J. Caadas-Quesada; Pablo Cabaas-Molero; Francisco J. Rodrguez Serrano

AFS-1 004.C.I. Caracterizacin y deteccin automtica de reflexiones acsticas en recintos utilizando arrays circulares y procesado de imagen. Pg. 1.176 Ana M. Torres, Maximo Cobos, Francesc J. Ferri, Jaume Segura Garcia

AFS-1 005.C.I. Estudio de la molestia de sonidos auralizados a partir de medidas y sntesis de aislamiento. Pg. 1.185 Segura Garcia, Jaume; Cobos, Mximo; Felici, Santiago; Navarro, Juan Miguel; Torres, Ana

AFS-1 007.C.I. Problema inverso en la ecuacin de difusin acstica para la estimacin de parmetros de entrada en la simulacin de recintos. Pg. 1.194

Navarro Ruiz, Juan Miguel

AFS-1 008.C.I. Estimacin del tiempo de reverberacin a partir de respuestas impulsivas con baja relacin seal-ruido. Pg. 1.202

Javier Redondo, No Jimnez, Pablo Camblor Iglesias

AMS-0 ACSTICA MUSICAL / ACSTICA MUSICAL / MUSICAL ACOUSTICS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Arturo Barba y Jos Ignacio Snchez Rivera

AMS-0 001.C.I. What we understand today concerning formants in saxophone sounds?. Pg. 1.209 Jean Kergomard, Ph. Guillemain, S. Karkar, J. P. Dalmont, B. Gazengel

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AMS-0 002.C.I. La acstica de la Catedral de Valladolid ante los cambios en la ubicacin de su rgano durante los siglos XVI XX. Pg. 1.217

Manuel Martnez Revilla, Juan Luis Siz Virumbrales, Jos Ignacio Snchez Rivera

AMS-0 003.C.I. Estudio de la calidad sonora en registros flautados de rganos de tubos. Pg. 1.226 Romero, Alvaro; Segura, Jaume; Barba, Arturo; Cerd, Salvador; Gimnez, Alicia; Cibrin, Rosa

AMS-0 004.C.I. Anlisis de la calidad sonora de diferentes guitarras elctricas. Pg. 1.236 Segura, Jaume; Romero, Jos; Blesa, Alan; Cerd, Salvador; Gimnez, Alicia

AMS-0 005. Os cordofones friccionados enfatizando o ensino de fsica, matemtica e histria. Pg. 1.243 Luiz Roberto Baptista e Maria Lcia Grillo

AMS-0 006. Os efeitos acsticos do contrabaixo e do piano. Pg. 1.249 Maria Lcia Grillo e Luiz Roberto Baptista

AMS-0 007.C.I. Uma abordagem interdisciplinar da acstica musical. Pg. 1.259 Maria Lcia Grillo e Luiz Roberto Baptista

AMS-0 008. The music from XX-XXI century and its implications and consequences in the acoustics in the Auditorio 400 of Jean Nouvel at the National Museum Reina Sofia center of Madrid. Pg. 1.268

Cerro Escobar, Emiliano del; Ortiz Benito, Silvia Mara

AMS-0 009. Escultura sonora Baschet. Perspectivas actuales de I+D. Pg. 1.276 Ruiz Carulla, Mart; Cerd, Josep; Daumal, Francesc

ASL-0 ACSTICA DE SALAS / ACSTICA DE SALAS / ROOM ACOUSTICS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Daniel Fernndez Comesaa y Gustavo Almeida de Porto

ASL-0 001.C.I. Avaliao comparativa da difuso sonora de painis difusores de madeira. Pg. 1.285 D. Alarco, C. Fafaiol, J. L. Bento Coelho

ASL-0 002. VW System Sistema Electroacstico para Auralizao Interactiva com Msicos: Avaliao Objectiva e Subjectiva. Pg. 1.293

G. Almeida, H. Ribeiro, P.Guerra, O. Incio

ASL-0 003. Evaluacin acstica de prototipo para escenario porttil. Pg. 1.303 Amaya Lpez-Carromero Garca, Daniel Fernndez Comesaa, Keith R. Holland

ASL-0 004. Estudo acstico em uma pequena sala para msica. Pg. 1.311 Moraes de Zorzi, Liziav de; Oliveira Nunes, Maria Fernanda de

ASL-0 005. Analysis of acoustic and architectural elements to improve sound conditions at Auditorium 400, designed by Jean Nouvel for the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia. Pg. 1.319

Cerro Escobar, Emiliano del; Ortiz Benito, Silvia Mara

ASL-0 006. Improving sound incidence reproduction from b-format impulse responses for auralization of concert halls. Pg. 1.327

Espitia Hurtado Juan Pablo; Polack Jean-Dominique; Warusfel Olivier

ASL-1 DISEO ACSTICO DE SALAS Y ACSTICA VIRTUAL / PROJETO ACSTICO DE SALAS E ACSTICA VIRTUAL / ACOUSTIC DESIGN OF ROOMS AND VIRTUAL ACOUSTICS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Rosa M Cibrin y Alicia Gimnez

ASL-1 001.C.I. Ajuste por tcnicas de ray tracing de un modelo virtual de la intervencin acstica

19

en la iglesia del monasterio de Santa Maria de la Valldigna. Pg. 1.337 Llopis Reyna, Ana; Serrano Rodrigo, Pau; Guillen Guillamn, Ignacio; Gmez Lozano, Vicente

ASL-1 002. Conformacin de haz en espacios reverberantes, superdirective beamforming in romos. Pg. 1.345

Marcos F. Simn Glvez, Stephen J. Elliott, Jordan Cheer

ASL-1 003.C.I. Validacin de modelos simulados de recintos. Anlisis espacial. Pg. 1.357 San Martn, R.; Arregui, A.; Machn, J.; Arana, M.

ASL-1 005.C.I. Metodologa para medidas de absorcin acstica in-situ mediante sensores de presin y velocidad. Pg. 1.365 Prez Vidal, Carlos; Cerd, Salvador; Montell, Radha; Cibrin, Rosa; Segura, Jaume; Barba, Arturo; Querol, Luis; Gimnez, Alicia

ASL-1 006.C.I. Boundary conditions for room acoustic simulations. Pg. 1.375 Vorlaender, Michael

ASL-1.007.C.I. Acoustical design of new music facilities of the Academy of music in Zagreb. Pg. 1.381 Jambrosic, Kristian

ASL-1 008.C.I. Evaluacin objetiva en salas virtuales mediante caractersticas musicales y parmetros objetivos. Pg. 1.391 Cerd, Salvador; Segura, Jaume; Barba, Arturo; Cibrin, Rosa; Montell, Radha; Gimnez Alicia

ASL-1 009.C.I. La acstica y la inteligibilidad en recintos universitarios. Pg. 1.400 Gmez Escobar, Valentn; Barrign Morillas, Juan Miguel; Vlchez-Gmez, Rosendo; Mndez Sierra, Juan Antonio; Rey Gozalo, Guillermo; Prieto Gajardo, Carlos; Maderuelo Sanz, Rubn; Martn Castizo, Manuel

ASL-1 010. Metodologa para la evaluacin subjetiva de la recreacin virtual audiovisual de un recinto comparndola con la reproduccin de la experiencia captada in-situ. Pg. 1.408

Fernandez Villa, Mario; Navarro, Juan Miguel

ASL-1 011.C.I. Anlisis de la respuesta subjetiva en auralizaciones de salas con diferentes valores de calidad acstica (Sab). Pg. 1.418 Segura, Jaume; Cerd, Salvador; Cibrian, Rosa M ; Gimnez, Alicia; Romero, Jos

ASL-1 012.C.I. Anlisis mediante escalado multidimensional de las caractersticas musicales y los parmetros objetivos en salas virtuales. Pg. 1.424 Cerd, Salvador; Segura, Jaume; Barba, Arturo; Cibrin, Rosa; Montell, Radha; Gimnez Alicia

ASL-1 013.C.I. Evaluacin paramtrica y sensorial en la enseanza de acstica de salas. Pg. 1.431 Basturk, Seckin; Perea Prez, Francisca; lvarez Morales, Lidia; Zamarreo

Garca, Tefilo

ASL-1 014.C.I. Influencia en los parmetros acsticos de las posiciones conocidas del coro catedralicio de Len y sus revestimientos histricos. Pg. 1.440

Alexander Daz-Chyla, Antonio Pedrero, Csar Daz

ASL-1 015.C.I. Auralizacin del canto mozrabe en una iglesia pre-romnica. Pg. 1.448 Antonio Pedrero, Alexander Daz-Chyla, Snke Pelzer, Martin Pollow, Csar Daz, Michael Vorlnder

ASL-1 016.C.I. Modelo acstico virtual de la catedral renacentista de Jan. Pg. 1.456 lvarez-Morales, L.; Franco, A.J.; Alonso, A.; Girn, S.; Galindo, M.; Zamarreo, T.

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ASL-1 018.C.I. Simulacin de las condiciones acsticas de tres iglesias de Fisac. Pg. 1.465 Ana Mara Bueno Lpez, A. L. Len; M. Galindo

ASL-1 019.C.I. Acstica virtual del escenario multi-configurable del teatro de la Maestranza. Pg. 1.473 Bustamante, P.; Zamarreo, T.; Girn, S.

ASL-1 020.C.I. Diferencias de percepcin sonora entre interprete y audiencia en iglesias. Aplicacin del modelo de agradabilidad de Zwicker a la audicin de msica de rgano. Pg. 1.482 Barba, Arturo; Segura, Jaume; Romero, lvaro; Cerd, Salvador; Gimnez, Alicia

ASL-1 022.C.I. El uso de herramientas de simulacin para el diseo de sistemas electroacsticos en una sala de cine THX. Pg. 1.491 Gmez Alfageme, Juan Jos; Snchez Bote, Jos Luis; Blanco Martn, Elena

ASL-1 023.C.I. Dia mundial del sonido. Pg. 1.499 Francesc Daumal i Domenech, Josep Cerd i Ferr, Maria Luisa Luceo Ramos

MAT-0 MATERIALES ACSTICOS / MATERIAIS ACSTICOS / ACOUSTIC MATERIALS. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Mara Angeles Navacerrada y Ricardo Gomes

MAT-0 001. Caracterizacin de lminas anti-impacto elaboradas con corcho granulado para la mejora del nivel del ruido de impacto. Pg. 1.507 Rubn Maderuelo Sanz, J.M. Barrign Morillas, M. Martn Castizo, V. Gmez Escobar

MAT-0 002. Caracterizacin acstica de muestras de fique tejido y no tejido. Pg. 1.515 M. A. Navacerrada Saturio, C. Diaz Sanchidrian, A. Pedrero, P. Fernndez-Morales,

G. Navarro, O. Cardona

MAT-0 003. Comportamiento acstico de compuestos a partir de partculas procedentes de neumticos fuera de uso y materiales lignocelulsicos. Pg. 1.523 Jos Enrique Crespo Amors, S. Espinosa, F. Jos Lpez, A.V. Nadal, F. Parres, E. Juli, J. Segura

MAT-0 004. Contributos para o desenvolvimento de tinta com caractersticas de absoro sonora. Pg. 1.529 Antnio P. O. Carvalho, Ricardo Santelmo T. Gomes

MAT-0 006. Anlisis de la influencia de los parmetros del proceso de conformado por compactacin en las caractersticas mecnicas y acsticas de los productos elaborados con residuos provenientes de los NFUS (neumticos fuera de uso) Pg. 1.537 A.V. Nadal, J. E. Crespo, M. Zamorano, E. Juli, J. Segura, J.M. Gadea, R. Maderuelo Sanz

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Marcos Lora

MAT-0 011. El futuro de las soluciones acsticas en Fachadas. Pg. 1.569 Penelope Gonzalez

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ULT-0 ULTRASONIDOS / ULTRASONS / ULTRASOUND. Coordinadores / Coordenadores / Coordinators: Enrique Riera y Vctor Snchez Morcillo

ULT-0 001.C.I. Respuesta no lineal en aire de transductores piezoelctricos de potencia. Pg. 1.577 Enrique Riera, Andrea Cardoni, Juan A. Gallego-Jurez

ULT-0 002.C.I. Secado convectivo de alimentos asistido por ultrasonidos de potencia. Pg. 1.585 Jos V. Garca-Prez, Jos Bon, Juan A. Crcel, Antonio Mulet, Juan A. Gallego-Jurez, Enrique Riera

ULT-0 003.C.I. Detecting microchanges in thin thickness of latex duct walls with 10 MHz ultrasound pulses. Pg. 1.592 A. Ramos, C. Negreira, I. Bazan, J. Brum

ULT-0 004.C.I. Theoretical modelling and simulation of non-ideal vibration effects in piezoelectric applicator for ultrasonic diathermy. Pg. 1.600 A. Azbaid, A. Ruz, A. Ramos

ULT-0 005. Tcnicas elastogrficas por ultrasonidos. Pg. 1.607 Gonzlez Salido, Nuria; Fernndez Cruza, Jorge; Medina Valds, Luis; Prez Lpez, Manuel; Moreno Llamas, Jos Miguel; Camacho Sosa, Jorge; Fritsch Yusta, Carlos.

ULT-0 006. Tcnica de composicin en un sistema de ecografa automatizada mediante anillo de transductores. Pg. 1.616

Luis Medina Valds, Jorge Camacho; Nuria Gonzlez; Jorge F. Cruza

ULT-0 007. Diseo e implementacin de un sistema de imagen ultrasnica 3D. Pg. 1.624 Martnez-Graullera, Oscar; David Romero-Laorden; Javier Villazn-Terrazas; Alberto Ibez; Montserrat Parrilla; Luis G. Ullate

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ULT-0 009. Estudio paramtrico de la propagacin transcraneal de un haz ultrasnico para la apertura de la barrera hematoenceflica. Pg. 1.638 Pablo Camblor Iglesias, No Jimnez, Javier Redondo, Francisco Camarena

ULT-0 010. Estudio de la forma de onda dispersada por doradas en jaulas marinas. Pg. 1.646 Poveda Martnez, Pedro; Soliveres Gonzlez, Ester; Puig Pons, Vicent; Ordoez Cebrin, Patricia; Espinosa Rosell, Vctor; Ramis Soriano, Jaime

ULT-0 011. The use of ultrasound for heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reactions using microreactors. Pg. 1.654 Bonete Ferrndez, Pedro L.; Lana-Villarreal, Teresa; Navarro-Brull, Francisco J.; Poveda, Pedro; Ramis,Jaime; Ruiz-Femena, Rubn; Sez, Vernica; Gmez, Roberto

ULT-0 012. Evaluacin de la corrosin mediante ultrasonidos de baja frecuencia. Pg. 1.663 Lpez Garca, Mara Pilar; Poveda Martnez, Pedro; Antn Gil, Carlos; Ramis Soriano, Jaime; Climent Llorca, Miguel ngel

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Roberto Gmez, Jaime Ramis

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CONFERENCIAS PLENARIAS CONFERNCIAS PLENRIAS

PLENARY LECTURES

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44 CONGRESO ESPAOL DE ACSTICA ENCUENTRO IBRICO DE ACSTICA


MONITORING THE SEA ENVIRONMENT USING ACOUSTICS THE ROLE OF THE ACOUSTICAL OBSERVATORIES

PACS: 43.35.Wa

Michael Taroudakis University of Crete, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University Campus, 70013 Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, GREECE Tel +302810393880 E-Mail [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The presentation deals with theoretical factors and technical specifications pertinent to the design of an acoustical observatory for the monitoring of the marine environment. Two types of observatories are mentioned, namely active and passive. Among the various cases of active observatories, the ones related to ocean acoustic tomography are presented in some detail and the inverse problem of retrieving information from measured acoustic data is explained. Some basic issues related to the type of measurements that should be made for optimal use of the acoustic field are also given with related references. Finally, the basic features of passive observatories are underlined without going into details.

1. INTRODUCTION The sound is widely used in marine observatories as an alternative means to retrieve information about environmental data in the sea area under surveillance. In other words it is used as an alternative carrier of information on processes which occur in the marine environment. The reason that the sound used so much used in the sea has to do with the fact that unlike the electromagnetic waves, water has the ability to transmit sound at very large distances without significant impairment. Thus the sound may play the role of the electromagnetic waves in the air. On the other hand, of course, the acoustic waves undergo severe changes as they propagate in the sea environment, which means that a systematic study of the propagation conditions has to be carried out in order that optimum exploitation of the acoustic field in water is achieved. The acoustical observatories today are parts of oceanographic observatories installed in areas of critical importance for the monitoring of the marine environment and provide data which are

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used supplementary to information retrieved by traditional measurements for a complete assessment of the environment. The purpose of this presentation is to underline the main specifications of the acoustical observatories in connection with the basics of the mathematical techniques which are necessary in order to exploit the information obtained at the acoustic field. Main emphasis will be given to active acoustical observatories, for which the presence of a specific acoustic source is needed, but the main concepts behind the design and development of a passive acoustic observatory will also be given. 2. INVERSE PROBLEMS OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS Inverse problems in underwater acoustics have recently drawn the attention of the scientists working on underwater technology, due to importance of the acoustic waves as carriers of information concerning environmental and operational parameters in the marine environment including acoustic characteristics of acoustic sources from where they originate but also concerning the structure of the objects located in water or buried in the seabed. They can also give information about the geological characterization of the marine sediments. The recovery of these parameters using measurements of the acoustic field is the main goal of the inverse problems in underwater acoustics. Consequently, the inverse problems are at the core of the acoustic methods for the monitoring of the marine environment and are formulated according to the specific technology adopted in the marine observation. In accordance with the classification proposed by Collins and Kuperman [1], inverse problems in underwater acoustic fall into two main categories:

Remote sensing of the marine environment and Localization.

In the first category fall those problems for the estimation of the structure of the water column (acoustic tomography) but also of the basic parameters of the sea floor, while the second category includes problems of source or target identification as well as tracking of the location of a sound source. Remote sensing is implemented by both passive and active observatories, as it will be explained later, whereas localization is mainly achieved in passive mode Conceptually, the formulation of the inverse problems is relatively simple. We begin by considering the functional relationship between measurements (data) and retrievable parameters of the form (1.1) where and are functions of the space and/or time. The relationship is dictated by the specific model describing the acoustic propagation in the environment under consideration and of course the type of data and the parameters. The model is formulated as a boundary value problem with its main core being the acoustic equation. For typical applications of acoustical oceanography, retrievable parameters are the sound speed profile in the water columns and the sediments, the density and location of interfaces of the sediment layers, the attenuation coefficients and if an elastic bottom is considered, the shear speed in the sea-bed layers. The relationship between water temperature (which is the main parameter of the oceanographic models) and sound speed, is obtained by means of empirical relationships. Additional useful parameters retrievable by acoustic means are the current velocities. With respect to the measured data, there are several possibilities according to the type of the signal and its exploitable features. See able I for more information. Almost all the inverse problems in underwater acoustics are formulated as discrete problems after appropriate discretization in

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space, while time is in general excluded as independent variable, as the inverse problem is solved for stationary values in specific time intervals. Thus, data and parameters are represented by vectors: (1.2a) (1.2b) And the vector is retrieved by using a non-linear vector equation of the general form (1.3) The function f is generally complicated and not subject to linearization. Consequently, the problem is nonlinear and very difficult to solve. Moreover is in general ill-posed. A great amount of literature is devoted to the study and application of optimization algorithms that lead to the most likely solution of the inverse problem in a deterministic sense, while there are methods treating the inverse problem in a stochastic sense as well. We will not expand more on the details of the problems and their solutions for which there is an extensive bibliography (see for instance [2]. Whatever the method for the solution of the mathematical problem is adopted, a data assimilation procedure is in general required to map the parameters retrieved by means of the inverse problem to the parameters which are used by the oceanographers to assess the dynamics of the marine environment, when the main goal is the monitoring of the environment. On the other hand, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and appropriate imaging algorithms are also needed in order that a clear view of the environment is obtained. It should however be underlined that whatever the application is, it is important to collect data in the most appropriate way so that the inverse problem expressed by equation (1.3) can be reliably solved. 3. OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY Ocean Acoustic Tomography was introduced by Munk and Wunsch in 1979 [3] following an observation in the 1970s' that about 99% of the kinetic energy of ocean circulation is associated with oceanographic features of medium-scale, which are phenomena that are studied in lengths of up to 100 kilometers. Monitoring the changes of medium to larger scales can therefore lead to useful conclusions about the earth dynamics and to the study of climate change at a global scale. Acoustic tomography was the basic concept upon which the first marine observatories were created. The term tomography was well known in medical and seismic applications and reflects the fact that the carrier of information on a specific medium penetrates the area under investigation. The processing method is based on the definition of several slices ( tomes in the Greek language) on which an inverse problem is solved. The integration of the solutions obtained in each one of the slices provides the image required by the specific application.

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Figure 3.1. Schematic layout of an observatory related to ocean acoustic tomography Sea surface Source Sound speed profile Hydrophone Array Sea-Bed Figure 3.2 A vertical slice defined by a pair of transceivers in observatories for ocean acoustic tomography.

Simplified version with horizontal plane water-bottom interface.

Figure 3.1 describes the typical layout of an acoustical observatory for ocean acoustic tomography. The green oval points represent anchored moorings housing sources and receivers. Each pair of moorings define a vertical slice of the acoustic environment as in Figure 3.2 which shows a single source and a vertical array of hydrophones at range R from the source which are the main elements of a tomographic pair. The source emits signals (short pulses) at regular intervals. The power transmitted is of low intensity so that no problems are created to marine cetaceans. Moreover, they are of low central frequency to achieve maximum propagation range. If the moorings are autonomous, appropriate power ensures the continuous (up to a certain time period) transmission of the signals, while power is also needed at the recording devices connected to the receiving hydrophones. If sources and receivers are close to the shore, cabled installations are possible in which case the power requirement is limited. However, for operational reasons the tomographic observatories may be located at remote areas and therefore the power consideration is an important issue. The signals received at the hydrophones can be transmitted to a shore base station either by cable (cabled observatories) or by radio link or they can be kept at an appropriate storage device for future exploitation. In the last case no real time monitoring is possible.

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Number of

Hydrophones Observables Signal processing required

Single Hydrophone

Arrival times of acoustic rays [3] Ray identification Arrival times of modes [4] Mode identification [11] Statistical characteristics of the signal [5 ]

Fourier or Wavelet transform.

Dispersion curves [6] Fourier or Wavelet transform

Hydrophone arrays Modal phase [7,8] Mode filtering [12] Full-Field [9,10] Fourier transform

Table I Observables for Ocean Acoustic Tomography

Figure 3.3 An optimum configuration of moorings for ocean acoustic tomography observatories. As regards the exploitation of the acoustic signals received at the hydrophones, several possibilities exist. Table I summarizes the most important cases and the signal pre-processing required in order that the appropriate observables which are associated with the data (equations 1.1-1.3) are obtained. Some typical references for each case are mentioned Finally, figure 3.3 presents the mooring configuration at the vertical slice for optimum exploitation of the acoustic measurements in a reciprocal way. In simple cases a single source and a single receiver can be used under restrictions with respect to the full exploitation of the acoustic field. 4. PASSIVE OBSERVATORIES Passive acoustic monitoring of the marine environment can also give important information about the marine environment with proper exploitation (after processing) of the measured sound field. In this respect, the ambient noise of the marine environment is not entirely unwanted, but it may be proven as a very useful source of information and data provider for the inverse

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problems [13]. The noise of the marine environment can be considered as natural or as anthropogenic, depending on its source. As natural sources of noise production in the marine environment we can consider: the breaking of the surface (gravity) waves the rain the earthquakes biological noises ( for instance marine mammals) breaking of the ice (in the Arctic regions). As anthropogenic causes we can consider: the navigation (traffic noise), the activity at offshore facilities. For the implementation of a passive observatory, no specific sources are needed. In this respect, the passive observatory can be viewed as of green technology and biologically friendly. With respect to the case of active observatories, the processing of the signals and the inversion methods are different. For instance, in passive listening mode it is frequently necessary that the model relying measurements and parameters should not include precise information on the source (as it is actually unknown) but should exploit the correlation of recordings from different hydrophones in the array of hydrophones. This is due to the fact that the environmental parameters for any source define the vertical and horizontal structure of the acoustic field. Also by appropriate beam-forming it is possible to exploit the directionality of the acoustic field measured at a vertical hydrophone. On the other hand in some other cases (e.g monitoring of the earthquake activity in a region, or identifying the type of a specific marine mammal) the type of source is of primary importance and the signal processing leading to the source classification should be carried out accordingly. In this respect, passive observatories are extremely useful in marine bioacoustics and for the monitoring of the geological processes. 5. TECHNOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS Following the presentation above, we underline the main components of an acoustical observatory which consist of the following elements: Emission, reception and recording of the acoustic signal Signal transmission to the processing station Signal processing Information visualization and decision-making unit connection Each one of these elements should be designed and treated in a different way. In the following we underline the basic specifications for each one of them Q 5.1 Acoustic Signals

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In the case of active observatories, the signals are acoustic pulses of low power and low frequency. Typically the tomographic signals may have central frequencies of as low as 150 Hz and in general narrow bandwidth, with highest frequency not to exceed 1 KHz. The exact source excitation function of the pulse may be programmed, in which case optimum signals may be generated and transmitted. In general, low frequency sources are heavy, big in dimensions and expensive but are able to generate signals to be transmitted at very long distances without severe loss. For applications of ocean acoustic tomography, in medium or small areas, less expensive sources of higher frequency may be used. On the other hand, for non-stationary (mobile) observatories, one can use very cheap sources (e.g light bulbes that explode at a certain depth in the water column [14]) which provide the appropriate bandwidth for the exploitation of the acoustic field. The acoustic sources should be omnidirectional for a full exploitation of the existing forward propagating models which are formulated for point harmonic sources, without additional processing. For passive observatories no specific sources are installed. The receiving devices are hydrophones with appropriate response bandwidth. For the case of active observatories, the bandwidth should be tuned to the specifications of the signals emitted by the source. Thus, relatively narrow response bandwidth is adequate to record the essential part of the tomographic signal. In the case of passive observatories, a broader bandwidth should be ensured in order that signals from all possible sources including signals from marine mammals which emit signals in the ultrasound region are recorded. 5.2 Signal Transmission to the Processing Station As already mentioned the acoustical observatories may be autonomous or cabled. For autonomous observatories, especially when they are remotely located, it is generally necessary that a storage device is ensured for the recordings of the acoustic field. If no real-time transmission of the data is necessary, the retrieval of the acoustic data is done on regular intervals using oceanographic vessels. For real time transmission of data, radio link to a shore station or to a satellite is the appropriate means, although there is in general the risk of the destruction of the antenna, when the observatory is unsupervised. Recently the idea of underwater transmission of the data using acoustic link with the help of appropriate modems has drawn the attention of the scientists. This type of transmission has been studied experimentally and it is still at the stage of further development. For cabled observatories, the transmission and also the power consumption is ensured by cable. In any case, an appropriate coding and compression of the data to be transmitted, has to be designed so the transmission of the data is ensured by the most efficient way. 5.3 Signal Processing The signal processing task is very important as it will exploit the information on the acoustic field obtained at the shore stations. After decoding, the acoustic signals should undergo the appropriate processing in order that the observables (as mentioned in Table I) are defined. The next step is related to the inverse problem itself and has to do with the inversion of equation 1.3 for the estimation of the model parameters. This modulus is open for further research as the goal of the acoustical oceanographers is to develop inversion schemes that could make optimal use of the data and obtain parameter estimations with narrow confidence limits.

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5.4 Data Assimilation and Information Visualization The final step is the data assimilation, which will provide the necessary predictions of the dynamics of the ocean environment which is the ultimate goal of the acoustical observatories. It is also important that the information on the environmental changes is provided in such a way so that they are usable by non-experts and could help the authorities in their decision making. To this end, appropriate visualization of the parameters with the help of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to produce data geophysical maps, integrating static and dynamic information.. 6. DISCUSSION The acoustical observatories play an important role in the monitoring of the marine environment. They can be designed as stand-alone or complementary systems integrated in traditional oceanographic observatories. Of primary importance for active observatories is low energy transmission in the environment but keeping the benefits of the ability of acoustic waves to propagate in the ocean at long ranges. Modularity and mobility are two important issues that should be taken into account in the design and development of an acoustical observatory. Real time transmission and processing of the acoustical data are also challenging issues that dictate recent advances in both the theoretical and technological aspects of the ocean acoustic observatories. 7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work was supported by the programs EMSO-HELLAS of the Hellenic General Secretariat for Research and Technology and by the program ACMAC, of the European Commission. 8. REFERENCES [1] M.D. Collins and W.A. Kuperman, "Inverse problems in ocean acoustics" Inverse Problems 10, pp 1032-1040, (1994). [2] M.I. Taroudakis and G. Makrakis (eds). Inverse Problems in Underwater Acoustics, Springer Verlag, New York, (2001). [3] W. Munk, P. Worcester and C. Wunsch, Ocean Acoustic Tomography, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1995). [4] M.I. Taroudakis, "A comparison of modal-phase and modal-travel time approaches for ocean acoustic tomography" in Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Underwater Acoustics, edited by Leif Bjrn, pp 1057-1062 (1994). [5] M.I. Taroudakis M.I. and C. Smaragdakis, "On the use of Genetic Algorithms and a statistical characterization of the acoustic signal for tomographic and bottom geoacoustic inversions" Acta Acustica united with Acustica 95, no. 5, pp 813-822 (2009). [6] G. R. Potty, J. H. Miller, J. F. Lynch and K. B. Smith, Tomographic inversion for sediment parameters in shallow water, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 pp 973-986. (2000).

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[7] E.C. Shang, "Ocean acoustic tomography based on adiabatic mode theory" J. Acoust. Soc.Am. 85, pp 1531-1537 (1989). [8] M.I. Taroudakis and J.S. Papadakis, "Modal inversion schemes for ocean acoustic tomography" J. Comput. Acoust., 1, pp 395-421 (1993). [9] A. Tolstoy, Matched Field Processing for Underwater Acoustics World Scientific, Singapore, (1993). [10] M.I. Taroudakis and M.G. Markaki, "On the use of matched-field processing and hybrid algorithms for vertical slice tomography Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 102, pp 885-895 (1997). [11] M.I. Taroudakis "Identifying modal arrivals in shallow water for bottom geoacoustic inversions" J. Comput. Acoust., 8, No 2, pp 307-324 (2000). [12] T.C. Yang "Effectiveness of mode filtering: A comparison of matched-field and matched-mode processing", J.Acoust.Soc.Am. 87, pp 2072-2084 (1990).

[13] M.J. Buckingham and J.R. Potter Acoustic Daylight Imaging : Vision in the Ocean GSA Today, 4 No 4. Pp 100-102 (1994). [14] J. Bonnel, S.E Dosso and N.R. Chapman, Bayesian geoacoustic inversion of single hydrophone light bulb data using warping dispersion analysis, ", J.Acoust.Soc.Am. 134, pp 120-130 (2013).

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EN BUSCA DE UN MARCO COMN EUROPEO EN MATERIA DE AISLAMIENTO ACSTICO EN VIVIENDAS: INTERCAMBIO DE

EXPERIENCIAS Y DIFICULTAD DE CONSENSO PACS: 43.15.-s; 43.50.Qp; 43.50.Rq; 43.50.Sr Mara Machimbarrena1; Patrizio Fausti2 1 Dpto. Fsica Aplicada ETS Arquitectura Av Salamanca s/n, 47014 Valladolid, Spain [email protected] 2 Engineering Department, University of Ferrara Via Saragat 1, 44100 Ferrara (FE), Italy [email protected] RESUMEN La Unin Europea nace para propiciar la integracin y gobernanza en comn de los estados y los pueblos de Europa. Adems de crear un marco legislativo que asegure la libre circulacin de ciudadanos, bienes, y servicios, se ha creado una poltica comn en muchos otros aspectos tales como el mercado, la agricultura, la pesca El ruido ambiental ha sido tambin abordado por la normativa europea y sera deseable que en algn momento se abordara el problema del ruido en las viviendas. Sin embargo no es fcil alcanzar un consenso por lo que respecta a los parmetros a utilizar para evaluar la calidad acstica de las viviendas o respecto a cmo crear una calificacin acstica de viviendas que pudiera ser adoptada por todos los estados miembro. Este ha sido el objetivo perseguido desde COST TU0901 (http://www.costtu0901.eu/), que ha propiciado el marco adecuado para recoger una gran diversidad de puntos de vista, experiencias y datos no siempre concordantes, las cuales que se resumen a continuacin. ABSTRACT The European Union was created to promote the integration and joint governance of the States and people in Europe. Besides creating a legislative framework to ensure the free movement of people, goods, and services, the EU has created a common policy in many other aspects such as marketing, agriculture, fishing ... Environmental noise problems have also been addressed by EU regulations and it would be convenient that, at some point, noise in dwellings becomes an issue. However it is not easy to reach a consensus regarding the parameters to be used to evaluate the acoustic quality of dwellings or on how to create an acoustic rating of dwellings that could be adopted by all member States. This has been the objective of COST TU0901 (http://www.costtu0901.eu/), which has provided the adequate framework for collecting a diversity of approaches, experiences and data which do not always agree and are summarized below.

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2

FOREWORD

Most European countries have legal requirements concerning acoustic performance of buildings although these differ widely in performance descriptors and limit values. 11 European countries also have acoustic classification schemes for dwellings, but certainly these schemes are far from being similar.The wide diversity (indicators, limits, steps between classes, grade of quietness achieved, building technology concerning acoustic performance, etc.) found in existing building codes and classification schemes is an obstacle for exchange of experience, EU legislators understanding, development and trade.

It is accepted that although the level of requirement should be ruled within each country, if all European countries used the same descriptors and had similar criteria for acoustic classification schemes of dwellings, all involved sectors would in the long run benefit from the change: end user, manufacturers, legislators, builders

The harmonization of such descriptors and hopefully performance levels of sound insulation classes is needed to make progress and will be well received by many industry, government and research sectors. The European networking Action COST TU0901[1] has been working over the last 4 years stimulating research, collecting experiences from 29 different countries and joining efforts to try to find a consensus proposal both for descriptors and classification scheme.

This has not been an easy task and full consensus is not really achieved, since acoustics and building problems and solutions are not necessarily the same all over Europe. Nevertheless, some consensus has been possible and extremely fruitful discussions have taken place, which are briefly exposed hereinafter.

INTERCHANGING EXPERIENCES

Collection of the Information on Sound Insulation Descriptors and Classification Scheme

The starting point of the networking job was to collect information about existing parameters, limits, building codes and classification schemes. Tables 1 to 3 show a summary of collected data [2].

34

3

Update 2010 Austria Belgium Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Hungary Iceland Italy Lithuania NetherlandsNorway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland UKAirborne A B DK EE FIN F D H IS I LT NL N PL PT RO E S CH GBRw x x x x x x x x xRw+C x x xRw+C50-3150 x x x x xRw+C100-5000 xRw+C50-5000Dn,wDn,w+CDn,w+C50-3150Dn,w+C100-5000Dn,w+C50-5000DnT,w x x x x xDnT,w+C x x xDnT,w+C50-3150 xDnT,w+C100-5000 xDnT,w+C50-5000DnT,w+Ctr100-3150 x

Impact A B DK EE FIN F D H IS I LT NL N PL PT RO E S CH GBLn,w x x x x x x x x x x x xLn,w+CI xLn,w+CI,50-2500 x x x xLnT,w x x x x x x xLnT,w+CI x xLnT,w+CI,50-2500Faade A B DK EE FIN F D H IS I LT NL N PL PT RO E S CH GBRw' x xRw' + Ctr x x x x xDnT,2m,w x x xDnT,2m,w + Ctr x x x x x x xLden/24h x x x xLnight x xLmax x x xEquipment A B DK EE FIN F D H IS I LT NL N PL PT RO E S CH GBdBA-eq x x x x >63 x >20 x >100 x +C x x >63 x >63 x >63 x >63 x x +C x x >100dbA-maxS x >63 x >63 x >63dbA-maxF x x >63 x >20 x >100 x x >63 x xdbC-eq x x >64 xdbC-maxF x >63Classifications A B DK EE FIN F D H IS I LT NL N PL PT RO E S CH GBclasses x x x x x x x x x x x xlow frequencies (x) (x) (x) (x) (x)

Table 1: Summary of existing parameters and classification schemes [2-COST-TU0901-WG1-N12]

Not only are there many different sound insulation parameters used around Europe, but also requirements vary significantly [3,4,5].

Airborne sound between dwellings n=11Country Quantity class1 class2 class3 class4 class5 generals remarksNL DnT,A 62 57 52 47 42 other enclosed spaces than rooms: 5 dB less stringent for all

aspectsAT DnT,w 55 50 rowhouses 5 dB more stringentDnT,w+C50-3150 60 55

LT DnT,w+C50-3150 63 58 - - - also for Rw+C50-3150Dn,T,w or Rw - - 55 52 48

BE DnT,w 62 58 Standard NBN S01-400-1:2008DnT,w+C50 58 54 version 2013

SE DnTw+C50-3150 61 57 53 volume restriction so actually DnTw+CRw 49

CZ R 'w, D nT ,w 59 55 53IT R'w 56 53 50 45 Min. requirements depend on the intended use of buildings (*)IS Rw 55 50 Dn,w is used when the area of the

Rw+C50-3150 63 58 53 is less than 10 m2

PL Rw+C50-3150 59 56 53 50 S

4

impact insulation classification n=11Country Quantity class1 class2 class3 class4 class5 class6 generals remarksNL LnT,A 43 48 53 58 63 stairs 5 dB more stringentAT L'nT,w 38 43 48 53 rowhouses 5 dN more stringent

LnT,w+CI50-2500 43 43 in combination with LnT,w req.LT Ln,w+CI50-2500 43 48 - - -

Ln,w - - 53 58 60BE LnT,w 50 58SE LnT,w+CI,50-2500 48 52 56 LnT,w?

Ln,w 60CZ L'n,w, L 'nT ,w 42 48IT L'n,w 53 58 63 68IS Ln,w 53 58

Ln,w+CI,50-2500 43 48 53PL Ln,w 43 48 53 57

DKLn,w + CI,50-2500

43 48

Ln,w 43 48 53 58

NO Ln,w 43 48 53 58

Table 3: Summary of limits and parameters for impact sound levels used in existing classification schemes. [2- COST-TU0901-WG1-N34]

The next step in the process was to collect advantages and disadvantages found for most used indicators, and preferred quantity to be used, based on experience in each country. Trying to keep science and objective arguments as driving forces, it is nevertheless extremely difficult to agree on what should be the best. All COST TU0901 countries where asked on pros and cons about of the various existing and proposed descriptors, such as

assessment methods, frequency range for assessment; measurement methods, in terms of reproducibility, complexity, time; relation between the descriptor and the perception; comparison with laboratory quantities; practical, financial or any other relevant point of view;

Tables 4 to 7 show a summary of starting point main advantages and disadvantages. The real discussion was started once all this information was collected. Mo

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