Introduction

PSU before 1991

Impacts of PSR

Changes in PSR

Navratna

Highlights

PSE’s includes Government companies in the Central and State Sectors .These industries

covers a wide spectrum of activities in basic and strategic industries like

Steel Heavy Eng. Tourism Coal Chemicals Financial Minerals Fertilizers Trading

Petroleum Transp. Marketing

In India, a government-owned corporation is termed as a public sector undertaking (PSU). This term is used to refer to companies in which the government (either the federal Union Government or the many state or territorial governments, or both) own a majority (51 percent or more) of the company equity

Defence equipment Atomic energy Iron and Steel Heavy casting and forging of steel items Heavy plant and machinery. Heavy electrical plant Coal and lignite Minerals oils Air transport Rail transport

PSR have impact on these sectors:

Research

High level networks

Consultancy

Training

Research

High levelnetworks

Consultancy

Training

Within the public sector it is also possible to observe the changing share of central public sector enterprises during the 1980s . The only significant change that took place in this share was in communications where a part of the telecommunications government monopoly was corporatised in 1986-87. The telephone services in Bombay and New Delhi were separated into a separate public sector enterprise called Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL). Otherwise there was no significant increase in the presence of public sector enterprises in the overall production structure in the country during the 1980s.

Navratna was the title given originally to nine Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) identified by the Government of India in 1997 as "public sector companies that have comparative advantages", giving them greater autonomy to compete in the global market so as to "support them in their drive to become global giants.

Navratna include: SAIL IOCL VSNL HPCL BPCL ONGC BHEL NTPC IPCL GAIL MTNL

Gross turnover of all 240 PSU’s during 2002-03 has been Rs.544390 crore against Rs.478732 crore during 2001-02

Net profit of all 240 PSU’s during 2002-03 has been Rs. 32141 crore against Rs. 25978 in 2001-02

During 2002-03 profit earning PSU’s earned net profit of Rs. 43085 crore while loss making PSU gave net loss of Rs. 10944 crore.

PSU earning highest turnover is Indian Oil Corporation with Rs.123628 crore. Second, third & fourth places gone to HPCL, BPCL and ONGC respectively.

PSU earning highest net profit is ONGC with Rs. 10529 crore.

PSU showing highest deficit is FCI with Rs.1166 crore. Hindustan Fertilizer stand second with Rs.1058 crore deficit during 2002-03