3XEOLF +HDOWK (WKLFV 6WDQIRUG (QF\FORSHGLD RI 3KLORVRSK\ KWWSSODWRVWDQIRUGHGXHQWULHVSXEOLFKHDOWKHWKLFV 1+#,/! +6),-"!& ,# %&),0,-%6 3XEOLF +HDOWK (WKLFV )LUVW SXEOLVKHG 0RQ $SU $W LWV FRUH SXEOLF KHDOWK LV FRQFHUQHG ZLWK SURPRWLQJ DQG SURWHFWLQJ WKH KHDOWK RI SRSXODWLRQV EURDGO\ XQGHUVWRRG )RU H[DPSOH WKH ,QVWLWXWH RI 0HGLFLQH GHILQHV SXEOLF KHDOWK DV ´ZKDW ZH DV D VRFLHW\ GR FROOHFWLYHO\ WR DVVXUH WKH FRQGLWLRQV LQ ZKLFK SHRSOH FDQ EH KHDOWK\µ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
