public education as a mitigation measure at the keene middle … · 2017-01-12 · indian history...
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Public Education as a Mitigation
Measure at the Keene Middle School
Site
Robert G. Goodby, Ph.D.
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The Keene
Middle School
Project
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Indian History in Keene
A History of the Town of Keene. Keene, NH by Simon Griffin 1904, p. 29
298 Main Street, Keene
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Phase IA Archaeological Sensitivity
Assessment
Background Research, Visual Inspection
Portions of the project area determined to be sensitive for Native
American sites based on their environmental setting and the lack
disturbance. Phase IB study recommended.
Project
Area
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The KMS Project: Phase IB Intensive
Archaeological Investigation
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Phase IB Artifacts
Jefferson and Mt. Jasper Rhyolite Munsungun Chert
Based on the age (c. 10,500-12,000 years before present) and undisturbed nature
of the site a Phase II Determination of Eligibility Study is recommended.
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Results of the Phase II Study
Locus 2
Locus 1
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Phase II Artifacts
Over 150 additional flakes
Six fragments of calcined bone identified as “large mammal”
Four flaked stone tools, all consistent with a Paleoindian occupation
Site is determined eligible for inclusion on the National Register of
Historic Places, based on its age and integrity
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Options
Redesign of the Middle
School Project
Mitigation
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Phase III: Mitigation and Data
Recovery
Additional testing further back on terrace to look for more loci
Complete excavation of all identified Paleoindian sites
Future testing of SAU-owned property in vicinity
Public Education
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Research Team
Tonya Largy, Harvard University Heather Rockwell, University of Wyoming
Chris Dorion, Independent Geologist Steve Pollock, University of Southern Maine
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Locus 1 Locus 2
Locus 3
Locus 4
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Results:Geomorphology
Glacial Lake Ashuelot Drains c. 15,000 BP
Braided Outwash Plain forms as Lake Drains, depositing 70M of sand over
the lake bed
Ashuelot River Runs along Edge of Terrace at the Time of the Site’s
Occupation
Aeolian Mantle deposited during Younger Dryas
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The Results: Locus 1 12’ x 10’ Oval
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Locus 1 End Scrapers
and Bone
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Locus 2
16’ x 12’ Oval
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Locus 2: End Scrapers
and Calcined Bone
Proximal phalangeal fragment
(Foot bone) of an immature
(yearling) caribou
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Inuit shelter, northern Canada, early 20th century (firstpeoplesofcanada.com )
House Floor Analogy
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Radiocarbon Dating Calcined
Bone
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Locus 3
13’ x 10’ Oval
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Locus 4
10’ x 12’ Oval
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End Scrapers
Use wear: Hide Scraping, Hafting
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Side Scrapers
Use wear: Hide Scraping,
Wood Scraping, Cutting
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Pieces Esquilles
Use wear: Hide Scraping,
Cutting, Cutting Animal Tissue
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Gravers
Use wear: No specific use wear identified
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Retouched/Utilized Flakes
Use wear: Primarily cutting tools, also Hide Scraping, Prehension
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Spokeshaves
Use wear: Wood Scraping,
Cutting
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Fluted Points
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The Stone: What Does this Reflect?
50% Mt. Jasper Rhyolite (120 miles)
4% Jefferson Rhyolite (110 miles)
46% Munsungun Chert (350+ miles)
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Public Education Component
Presentations for the Community (with the Harris
Center for Conservation Education)
7th Grade curriculum on settlement and migration in
North America
Presentations for the Middle School Students
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6th Grade curriculum on archaeology and early humans
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Guided Walks on Outdoor
Classroom and Activity Center Boardwalk
In collaboration with
Antioch University
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The Outcome