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Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives Thinking Skill : Demonstrate an understanding of how Psychology has evolved as an academic discipline

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Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives Thinking Skill : Demonstrate an understanding of how Psychology has evolved as an academic discipline. Psychology’s Roots. Pre-scientific Psychology Influence of Philosophy Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots and

PerspectivesThinking Skill: Demonstrate an

understanding of how Psychology has evolved as an

academic discipline

Page 2: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Pre-scientific Psychology Influence of Philosophy Are ideas inborn or is

the mind a blank slate filled by experience? “nurture works on what nature endows…”

Page 3: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Pre-scientific Psychology Empiricism

knowledge comes from experience via the senses

science flourishes through observation and experimentation

7th Century B.C. Psamtik I, King of Egypt

First “Scientific Method”?

Page 4: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig

Conscious perception (apperception) experiment

Birth of modern psychology (1879)

Page 5: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Structuralism used introspection

(looking inward) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

Page 6: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Functionalism focused on how

behavioral processes function - how they enable organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

William James “Father of

American Psychology”

Page 7: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Gestalt psychology emphasized the immediate experience of the whole organism

Antithesis of Wundt

Max Wertheimer Kurt Koffka

Wolfgang Köhler

Page 8: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis Unconscious forces

Page 9: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Behaviorism –the science of observable behavior

John Watson BF Skinner

“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief.”

-John B. Watson

Page 10: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Psychology’s Roots

Contemporary Definition of Psychology The science of behavior (what we do) and

mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings)

Page 11: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Contemporary Perspectives

Page 12: Psychology’s Roots and Perspectives

Applying the Perspectives

Marsha wants to ask her boss for a salary increase however, her heart races

and she begins to perspire uncontrollably

every time she even approaches her boss.


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