psychology of learning exp4404
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Psychology of Learning EXP4404. Chapter 5: Reinforcement Dr. Steve. Topics Covered. Law of Effect Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning Reinforcement Escape-Avoidance Learning Operant vs. Classical Conditioning Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcers Shaping & Chaining - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Psychology of LearningEXP4404
Chapter 5: Reinforcement
Dr. Steve
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Topics Covered
Law of Effect Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning
Reinforcement Escape-Avoidance Learning
Operant vs. Classical Conditioning Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcers Shaping & Chaining Variables Affecting Reinforcement Neuromechanics of Reinforcement Extinction Theories of Reinforcement
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Law of Effect
E. L. Thorndike Puzzle Box for studying “animal intelligence”
Trial and Error Learning Law of Effect
www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDujDOLre-8
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Operant Learning
Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning – B. F. Skinner’s Operant Chamber
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Operant Learning
Reinforcement Reinforcer
Positive Reinforcer Negative Reinforcer
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Operant Learning
Escape-Avoidance Learning
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Learned Helplessness
Operant Learning
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Operant vs. Classical Conditioning
Operant Classical
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Primary vs. Secondary Reinforcers
Primary Reinforcers Secondary Reinforcers
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Secondary Reinforcers
• Clicker Training
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Operant Learning
Shaping
Bird shaping video
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Chaining Forward chaining Backward chaining
Operant Learning
Funny example of Chaining Behavior
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Variables Affecting Reinforcement
Contingency Contiguity
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Reinforcer Characteristics Crespi Effect (aka, Contrast Effect)
Negative Effect Positive Effect
Variables Affecting Reinforcement
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Token Economies
Variables Affecting Reinforcement
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Task Characteristics
Motivating Operation
Competing Reinforcers
Variables Affecting Reinforcement
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Operant Learning
Reward Pathway
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Latent Learning
Operant Learning
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Extinction
Extinction Effects of extinction include:
Extinction burst
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Effects of extinction include (cont’d): Spontaneous Recovery Resurgence Behavior is Extinguished
Extinction
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Theories of Reinforcement
Hull’s Drive-Reduction Theory P(R) = (D x H x K x V) – I
P(R) = probability of response D = Drive or length of deprivation H = Habit or how often response has been reinforced K = Incentive (pull factor) quantity or quality of goal V = Stimulus intensity (push factor) – greater better I = Inhibition- reduces probability of response (fatigue)
“Forgetting” may be function of reduction in D, K, or V (note: H cannot decrease) or increase in I
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Premack Principle – aka – Relative Value Theory
Theories of Reinforcement
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Response Deprivation Theory – aka Equilibrium Theory
Theories of Reinforcement
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Theories of Reinforcement
Theories of Negative Reinforcement (Avoidance)
Mowrer’s Two-Process Theory
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Theories of Negative Reinforcement (Avoidance)
One-Process Theory
Theories of Reinforcement