psychology final review please take out your study guide, notes, assignments… for the review
TRANSCRIPT
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Psychology Final Review
Please take out your study guide, notes, assignments… for the
review.
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Psychology Final Exam
• June 4th– EVERYONE (10th, 11th & 12th graders) will take it
on this day
• You may use a note-card (double-sided, handwritten) to assist you as you take the exam.
• Exam Formats:– True/False, Matching, Multiple Choice, Fill in the
Blank, Short Answer.– Daily vocabulary (only from Unit IV) will also be
on the test.
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What are the seven perspectives of Psychology?
Discuss with a neighbor…
Biological, sociocultural, evolutionary, humanistic, psychoanalysis, cognitive and
learning
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7 Perspectives of Psychology
Biological
• Biological processes influence behavior and mental processes.
• Nervous system, glands, hormones and genetic factors.
Evolutionary
• Physical traits and social behaviors.
• Adaptive organisms survive and transmit their genes to future generations.
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7 Perspectives of Psychology
Humanistic• Self-concept• People make free and
conscious choices based on their unique experiences.
Psychoanalysis• Viewing the individual
as the product of unconscious forces.
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7 Perspectives of Psychology
Cognitive• Interpretation of mental
images, thinking and language.
• Perceptions and thoughts influence behavior.
Sociocultural • Behavior viewed as
strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures.
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7 Perspectives of Psychology
• Learning/behavioral– Environmental influences, observations and
learning.– Personal experiences and reinforcement guide
individual development.
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What multiple intelligence are you strongest in?
Explain to your neighbor…
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Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
• Logical-Mathematical - think conceptually, abstractly and are able to see and explore patterns and relationships.
• Interpersonal - learn through interaction.
• Linguistic - have highly developed auditory skills and often think in words.
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Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
• Intrapersonal - understanding one’s own interests and goals. These learners tend to shy away from others.
• Bodily-Kinesthetic - keen sense of body awareness.
• Musical - shows sensitivity to rhythm and sound. • Visual-Spatial - Think in terms of physical space.
They can be taught through drawings, verbal and physical imagery
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Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Can you have more than one intelligence?• Yes, many people have a combination of 2 or 3.
What if you think that you have all the intelligences?• Everyone has developed skills in all the different
areas described by the intelligences – the purpose of the intelligences is to understand what you are “naturally” more inclined towards.
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Overlearning
• Stored in long-term memory.
• Can recall it perfectly years later.
What have you overlearned?
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Parenting Styles
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What are your parents like?
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Authoritative
• Combine warmth and strictness– Demand responsible behavior but also
provide support.
• Children become:– More independent– Achievement orientated– Feel better about themselves
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Authoritarian
• Demand obedience
• Strict guidelines that children are expected to follow (without question).
• May be rejecting or cold.
• Children may become:– Distant– Dependent upon others– Less friendly or spontaneous
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Permissive
• Few rules are created and/or enforced.
• Children may become:– Unsure about appropriate behaviors.– Resistant to authority.– Difficult to control.
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Freud’s Theories
• Personality set by age 6.
• Forbidden desires are repressed
• Id – basic needs, libido, unconscious.
• Ego – “self”, personality, pays attention to reality and allows Id expression.
• Superego – guilt, pride.
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List as many personality disorders as you can.
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Personality Disorders
• Paranoid – tend to interpret the actions of others as threatening.
• Distrusts even close relationships
• Schizoid – generally detached from social relationships
• Shows a narrow range of emotional expression.
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Personality Disorders
• Antisocial – shows a pervasive disregard for the rights of others.
• Violent• Breaks the law• Steals, cons, lies…
• Narcisstic – tend to have a grandiose view of themselves
• Needs admiration • Lacks empathy.
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Abnormal Psychology
What are Somatoform Disorders?
List some Somatoform Disorders
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Abnormal Psychology
Conversion Disorder• Trauma is changed into a symbolic physical
dysfunction.– Pain is related to trauma.
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Abnormal Psychology
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
• Obsessive interest about a part of your body.– Compares body part to pictures, other people…– Usually obsessed with a facial feature.– May seek out plastic surgery.
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Abnormal Psychology
Pain Disorder
• Pain is experienced in some part of the body – Causes distress
• Psychological factors played an important role in the onset– No medical explanation.– Symptoms appeared after person experienced
trauma/stress.
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Anxiety Disorders
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Abnormal Psychology
Phobia
• Overwhelmed by fear / anxiety in the presence of certain objects or events. – May avoid object/situation.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Anxious in most settings
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Abnormal Psychology
Panic Disorder
• Experiences anxiety– Causes panic attacks
• Increased heart rate, breathes faster…
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Abnormal Psychology
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• Rituals
• Perfectionism
• May not be flexible
• Checking – doors, locks, windows, etc…
• Counting objects
• Inability to delegate tasks
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Abnormal Psychology
Bipolar Disorder• Mood swings between extreme ups (mania)
and extreme downs (major depression).• May experience:
– Racing thoughts– Paranoia– Engage in harmful behavior (compulsive gambling,
shopping, sex, etc…)– Difficulty controlling actions.– Irrational thoughts
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Dysthmic Disorder
• Mild depression
• Person can still go to work/school
• Chronically sad.
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Postpartum Depression
• After a woman gives birth
• Changing hormone levels
• May not bond with baby.
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Substance Abuse Mood Disorder
• Side effects from medication / substance abuse.
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Daily Vocab. (Unit IV)
• Flight of Ideas• Anxiety• Creativity• Psychosis• Thought Disorder• Mania