psychologist 10 important psychologist to remember by steven wilkey

PSYCHOLOGIST 10 important Psychologist to Remember By Steven Wilkey

BANDURA Born December 4, 1925, in Mundare, Alberta, Canada

BANDURA Banduras approach was originally classified as social learning, but he decided to change it to social cognitive This was because Bandura decided that his studies pushed beyond the limits of social learning

BANDURA Developed a social cognitive theory of human functioning This theory states that humans are self-organizing, proactive, self- reflecting and self-regulating

BANDURA Bandura is also famous for the idea of modeling The most famous of the modeling experiments in the is the Bobo doll experiment which showed that if children saw adults beat the doll, then they are likely to do the same.

BANDURA Bandura's current research falls into four main areas The first is the continuation of modeling His second line of research is about the mechanisms of human agency(how people control there own motivation/behavior) His third line of research is how people's perceptions of their abilities is used to exercise influence over the events that affect their lives Bandura's fourth line of research is to learn how stress reactions and depressions are caused

ERIK ERIKSON Born Frankfurt, Germany 1902

ERIKSON Erikson is a Freudian ego psychologist This means that he basically accepts Freud's beliefs and continues to expound on them. However he is much more culture and society oriented then most Freudian.

ERIKSON Erikson's most famous contribution is the epigenetic principle This principle states that we develop through a predetermined unfolding of our personalities in eight stages Each stage includes task that are psychosocial in nature.

ERIKSON One of Erikson's greatest accomplishments was the development of the eight, not five, stages of social development While Freud pointed out that a relationship with there parents is important to the child, Erikson pointed out that the arrival of children was important to the parents as well

ERIKSON Erikson developed the eight stages of social development These eight stages are trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, ego-identity vs. role- confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. self-absorption, and finally integrity vs. despair

SIGMUND FREUD Born May 6, 1856, in Freiburg, Moravia

FREUD Freud is considered the father of Psychoanalytic thought Please note that there are more slides on Freud than anyone else because quite simply there is so much that he did

FREUD Freud is responsible for making the conscious vs. unconscious debate very popular According to Freud the conscious mind is what you are aware of at a particular moment, the unconscious to put it simply is everything else

FREUD Freud also developed the ideas of id, ego, and super ego. Id is the pleasure principle the id only knows that you want it Ego is the reality principle it represents reason and says that we will take care of the want as soon as a reasonable how is found Super Ego is right and wrong. The Superego is divided into conscience and ego ideal which communicate with the ego through guilt

ID, EGO, AND SUPEREGO This is a portrayal of the mind as it works according to Freud

FREUD Freud also developed what are called the defense mechanisms The mechanisms include denial, repression, isolation, and displacement among other techniques See http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html for the complete listhttp://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/freud.html

FREUD AGAIN Freud also developed the idea of five stages of development The stages are the oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, the latent stage, and the genital stage

FREUD STILL The oral stage focuses on the mouth as the form of pleasure (till 18 months) The anal stage focuses on the anus as the form of pleasure (18 months till 4 years) The phallic stage focuses on the genitals(3 to 7 years old) The latent stage is suppressed feelings (7 years till puberty) The genital stage is pretty self explanatory

MASLOW Born April 1, 1908, Brooklyn, New York

MASLOW Maslow is a humanist, being that he stressed the importance of the human in psychology

MASLOW Maslow is of course most important for his hierarchy of needs This hierarchy of needs include from the bottom, physiological needs, safety/security needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, and finally self actualization

MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

MASLOW Maslow also dealt with the idea of self actualization To Maslow all self actualized people had some things in common, they were reality and problem centered, they enjoyed autonomy, they had human kinship For the complete list visit http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html

STANLEY MILGRAM Born August 15, 1933, in New York City

MILGRAM Milgram is famous for his studies on obedience following the Holocaust to see whether or not Eichman was just following orders To test this Milgram performed the infamous Milgram Experiment

MILGRAM The Milgram experiment consisted of teachers and students. The teachers were told to shock the students every time the student missed one of the vocab words that was said, up until a lethal 450 volts

MILGRAM The results were shocking, 65% of all the people continued until the max 450 volts, despite the pleas of the student to stop No one was actually hurt as the students were actually part of the experiment and were not shocked, however the teachers never knew that.

MILGRAM These foundings led Milgram to say every human has the dual capacity to function as an individual exercising his or her own moral judgment and the capacity to make their own moral decisions based on their personal character

IVAN PAVLOV Born September 14, 1849, at Ryazan, Russia

PAVLOV Ivan Pavlov is famous for his work into classical conditioning Classical conditioning is the pairing of a neutral stimulus with an excitatory one eventually leading the neutral stimulus to elicit the response in a way that was associated with the original, unlearned reflex

PAVLOV In Pavlov's experiment Pavlov used a metronome as the CS which he rang first, then fed the dogs. This pairing would eventually establish the dog's conditioned response of salivating to the sound of the metronome. After repeating this procedure several times, Pavlov was able to remove the US (food) and by only ringing the bell the dogs would salivate (CR). Since the bell alone now produced the unconditioned response (salivation), the association had been established (Conditioned). Pavlov continued to present the CS with any pairing with the US until the CR no longer occurred. This elimination of the CR is known as extinction. However, waiting a few days and then reintroducing ticking metronome resulted in the dogs once again salivating to the CS. Pavlov termed this, spontaneous recovery.( recount of experiment from source 5)

PAVLOV The Unconditioned Stimuli= something that naturally causes the unconditioned response The Unconditioned Response= natural reaction to the unconditioned stimuli Conditioned Response= learned response to the previous neutral stimuli

PAVLOVS EXPERMENT

JEAN PIAGET Born Neuchtel, Switzerland, on August 9, 1896

PIAGET Piaget was a developmental psychologist, focusing primarily on the intellectual development of children

PIAGET Piaget developed the idea of things that he called schemas. Schemas are simples skills that even infants have that direct the way that they work in the environment Piaget is also famous for his studies of adaptation(learning) The two types of adaptations are assimilation(assimilating a new object into an old schema) and accommodation (accommodating an old schema to a new object)

PIAGET Piaget developed the stages of cognitive development The stages are sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operations stage, and the formal operations stage

PIAGET Sensorimotor- last from birth till two years old, the infant uses senses and motor skills to understand the world Preoperational- last from about two till seven, has mental representations and begins to pretend, early use of symbols

PIAGET Concrete Operations Stage- from about seven till eleven, now children are able to manipulate symbols logically Formal Operations Stage- from teen years on, quite simply the ability to think abstractly,

B.F. SKINNER Born March 20, 1904, Susquehanna, Pennslyvania

SKINNER Skinner is famous for his Skinners Box Experiment Skinner helped to develop the idea of Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning is the idea that reinforcer can help to achieve the desired goal. I.E. Rat presses bar to get food

SKINNER Skinner also developed the schedules of reinforcement, which are continuous reinforcement(every time reward), fixed ratio(every 3 times reward), fixed interval schedule( if hit during certain time they get a treat)

WILHEIM WUNDT Born August 16 th, 1832, in the town of Neckarau, outside of Mannheim

WUNDT Known as the father of experimental psychology Founded the first psychology laboratory Famous as an influencer of many types of psychology, such as pragmaticsm

LEV VYGOTSKY Born November 1896

VYGOTSKY Framework for ideas is that social interaction plays a fudmental role in the development of cognition. "Every function in the child's cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals." (p57).

VYGOTSKY Second part of his theory depends upon "zone of proximal development" (ZPD) This is a level of development that comes from social interaction Development of ZPD depends on social interaction

USEFUL WEBSITES http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych

psychologist 10 important psychologist to remember by steven wilkey

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