Psychological

preparation for Archery

Tsung-Min Hung, Ph.D.National Taiwan Normal Universi

ty

A little bit more about myself

Ph.D. University of Maryland, College Park. Specialize in Sport & Exercise Psychology, 1996 Professor, Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University Pesident, SSEPTTreasure, ISSPMember of Sport Science Committee, ITTFSport psychologist for Chinese Taipei athletes for Olympic and Asian Games

Main topicsFactors affect sport performancePsychological characteristics of peak performanceIntroduction to psychological skill training (stress management, concentration, self-confidence)

Physiological factors

Technique/Strategy

Psychological factors

Sport performance

Psychological characteristics of peak

performanceLoss of fearFocused on the presentConfident/OptimisticIn controlEnjoymentTotal immersion in the activityEffortless performance

Psychological skill trainingDefinition:A training process that applies psychological skills to assist athlete’s performance and personal growth.Philosophy:Improvement = winFunction:perform to your level

realize your potentials

Psychological skill trainingPrinciples:

1.A long-term training process 2.Education orientation 3.Individualized program 4.Trust and support by coaches

and athletes

Self-awarenessBe aware of your physiological, psychological, technical, strategic, and environmental conditions.Understand your strength and weakness for skill developmentUnderstand your emotion states for effective emotion managementUnderstand your arousal level for appropriate arousal managementExamine your goal for enhancing motivation

Conditions lead to stressStress: a substantial imbalance b/t demand (physical and/or psychological) and response capability, under conditions where failure to meet that demand has important consequences.Results of stress:

muscle tension and deterioration of coordination Narrowing of attention focus

Relationship between arousal and performance

Cognitive reconstructionUnreasonable reasonable thoughtsSelf-defeating Self-reinforcement thoughtsNegative Positive thoughtsPassive Active thoughts

Relaxation trainingProgressive muscle relaxation trainingBiofeedback trainingImagery trainingMeditation

HR biofeedback training

前測 中測 後測

-1.20

-1.00

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

瞄準時心跳率減速斜率

組別實驗組

控制組

前測 中測 後測

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

平均射箭成績表現

組別實驗組控制組

Attention in gameInternal distracters:

1.Attending to past events 2.Attending to future events 3.Overanalyzing body mechanics 4.Fatigue

Attention in gameExternal distracters:

1.Visual distracters 2.Auditory distracters 3.Gamesmanship

Exercises for improving concentration

Learning to shift attentionParking thoughtsLearning to maintain focusSearching for relevant cues

Learning to shift attentionPay attention to what you hearBecome aware of body sensationTurn attention to your thoughts and emotionsOpen your eyes, pick an object directly in front of you, practice zooming in and out.

Parking thoughtsThis exercise is effective in eliminating negative, intruding thoughts.Use visualization to identify unwanted thoughts, write it down on paper, and place this paper in some other place(parking).Upon completion of the performance, the athlete can go back and deal with the issue by “unparking” it.

Searching for relevant cues

Searching the number（ 30/min is good）

Tips for improving concentration on site

Use simulations in practiceUse cue wordsEstablish routineDevelop competition plansPractice eye controlStay focus in the presentOverlearn skills

Dos for building self-confidence1

Do maintain a high positive precompetitive environment.Do have high expectations of all your participants.Do set realistic but challenging short- and long-term goals..

Dos for building self-confidence2

Do provide lots of contingent, positive feedback and praise.Do structure the environment to provide early success.Do try to find individuals doing something right (as opposed to just looking for their mistakes).

Don’ts for building self-confidence1

Don’t use sarcasm and put-downs to motivate people.Don’t allow teammates or group members to belittle other team or group members.Don’t criticize individuals for inconsequential mistakes or errors.Don’t embarrass and criticize individuals at the first sight of a mistake.Don’t criticize the person, criticize the behavior.

Goal settingOutcome goal: focus on a competitive result of an event, such as winning a game, earning a medal, or scoring more points than an opponent.

Vs Performance goal: Focus on achieving performance objectives independently of other competitors, usually making comparisons with one’s own previous performance.

Principles of goal settingSet specific goalsSet moderately difficult but realistic goalsSet long- and short-term goalsSet performance and outcome goalsSet practice and competition goalsDevelop goal-achievement strategiesEvaluate goals

Tsung-Min Hung, Ph.D.Email:ernesthungkimo@yahoo.com.twTel:+886-2-77343202