Psychological DisordersPsychological Disorders

Ryan’s social phobia has led him Ryan’s social phobia has led him to lose jobs and relationships. In to lose jobs and relationships. In

this case, Ryan has a this case, Ryan has a disorderdisorder because his behavior is:because his behavior is:

A. dangerous.

B. common.

C. medically based.

D. dysfunctional.

If researchers discovered that If researchers discovered that genetically influenced genetically influenced

abnormalities in brain structure abnormalities in brain structure contribute to bipolar disorder, this contribute to bipolar disorder, this would most clearly add credibility would most clearly add credibility

to:to: A. the DSM-IV.

B. the medical model.

C. the social-cognitive perspective.

D. psychoanalytic theory.

The DSM-IV is a diagnostic guide The DSM-IV is a diagnostic guide that:that:

A. describes psychological disorders and their prevalence.

B. describes psychological disorders and their causes.

C. describes only disorders that have medical causes.

D. has been shown to have poor reliability and validity.

Years after he barely survived a Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and terrorist attack that killed his wife and

two children, Mr. Puskari suffers two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent recurring flashbacks and frequent

nightmares of the event that render him nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. incapable of holding a steady job. Mr.

Puskari is most clearly showing signs of:Puskari is most clearly showing signs of: A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B. generalized anxiety disorder.

C. post-traumatic stress disorder.

D. dysthymic disorder.

From a learning perspective, From a learning perspective, phobias likely develop as a result phobias likely develop as a result of ___________, and ____________ of ___________, and ____________

helps to maintain them.helps to maintain them.

A. operant conditioning; observational learningB. classical conditioning; reinforcementC. operant conditioning; reinforcementD. classical conditioning; observational

learning

Amanda’s therapist suggests that her Amanda’s therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly depression results from mistakenly

blaming herself rather than a slumping blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her economy for her recent job loss. Her

therapist’s suggestion best illustrates a:therapist’s suggestion best illustrates a:

A. DSM-IV diagnosis.

B. psychoanalytic perspective.

C. medical model.

D. social-cognitive perspective.

Elaine feels that her life is empty. Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost all interest in her She has lost all interest in her

career and hobbies, and wonders if career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is she would be better off dead. She is

most likely suffering from:most likely suffering from:

A. a dissociative identity disorder.

B. a generalized anxiety disorder.

C. an antisocial personality disorder.

D. a mood disorder.

Which of the following is Which of the following is TRUE?TRUE?

A. Compared to all other nations, the U.S. has the highest rate of suicide.

B. Men commit suicide more often than women do.

C. Suicide rates in the U.S. are lowest among the elderly.

D. African Americans commit suicide more often than do whites.

Mr. James believes that people Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying and that FBI agents are trying

to steal his life savings. Mr. to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering James is most clearly suffering

from:from: A. compulsions.

B. catatonia.

C. delusions.

D. hallucinations.

Critical Thinking Critical Thinking QuestionsQuestions

If your psychologist believes that If your psychologist believes that psychological disorders can be psychological disorders can be diagnosed, treated, and cured diagnosed, treated, and cured

through the use of standard tools, through the use of standard tools, techniques, and medications, she is techniques, and medications, she is most likely looking at psychological most likely looking at psychological disorders from which perspective?disorders from which perspective?

A. the medical perspective

B. the psychoanalytic perspective

C. the optimistic perspective

D. the bio-social perspective

Brandy, who tends to have a Brandy, who tends to have a pessimistic explanatory style, pessimistic explanatory style,

learns that she earned a poor grade learns that she earned a poor grade on her psychology exam. Which on her psychology exam. Which

attribution is most likely to help her attribution is most likely to help her cope without becoming depressed?cope without becoming depressed?

A. “I’ll always be a poor student.”

B. “The teacher gave a particularly hard exam this time.”

C. “Of course my grade is bad, since I can’t do anything right.”

D. “Once again I proved that I just don’t know how to study.”

You have a patient who has been You have a patient who has been suffering from schizophrenia. He suffering from schizophrenia. He

has had the symptoms for several has had the symptoms for several years after they slowly appeared years after they slowly appeared over a period of time. In addition, over a period of time. In addition,

you know that one of his you know that one of his grandparents suffered from similar grandparents suffered from similar

symptoms. Your patient seems symptoms. Your patient seems generally withdrawn and generally withdrawn and

emotionless. In fact, he rarely emotionless. In fact, he rarely moves from his chair during the moves from his chair during the

day.day. Continued on next slide

He rarely exhibits the bizarre delusions and He rarely exhibits the bizarre delusions and hallucinations. What prognosis can you give hallucinations. What prognosis can you give

his family?his family?

A. The prognosis is good because the symptoms are not very bizarre.

B. The prognosis is good because new medications have been shown to alleviate these symptoms completely.

C. The prognosis is poor because of the chronic nature of the disorder.

D. The prognosis is poor because very few people with schizophrenia ever have remissions.

Continued from previous slide