Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorders and Therapyand Therapy

Diagnosing, IdentifyingDiagnosing, Identifying

and Dealingand Dealing

Some of Chapter 14 & all of Some of Chapter 14 & all of Chapter 15 and 16Chapter 15 and 16

How do you know if somebody is How do you know if somebody is mentally ill?mentally ill?

Personality InventoriesPersonality Inventories ObjectiveObjective

Minnesota Minnesota MultiphasicMultiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-(MMPI-2)2)

ProjectiveProjectiveRorschach Inkblot TestRorschach Inkblot TestThematic Apperception Test (TAT)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

What is a psychological What is a psychological disorder?disorder?

A harmful dysfunction marked by atypical, disturbing, A harmful dysfunction marked by atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable behaviormaladaptive and unjustifiable behavior

Perspective Perspective Therapy Therapy Medical PerspectiveMedical Perspective

Philippe Pinel (1800ish)Philippe Pinel (1800ish) Bio-Psycho-Social PerspectiveBio-Psycho-Social Perspective Learning PerspectiveLearning Perspective PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic HumanisticHumanistic

Classifying DisordersClassifying Disorders DSM-IV-DSM-IV-TRTR

Neurotic vs. psychoticNeurotic vs. psychotic

DSM-IV DiagnosesDSM-IV Diagnoses

David Rosenhan and Thomas SzaszDavid Rosenhan and Thomas SzaszMajor ClassesMajor Classes

AnxietyAnxietyAffectAffectDissociative DisordersDissociative DisordersSchizophreniaSchizophreniaPersonalityPersonality

Anxiety DisordersAnxiety Disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Panic DisorderPanic DisorderPhobiaPhobia

Agora-Agora-Simple (Specific)Simple (Specific)SocialSocial

Obsessive-Compulsive DisorderObsessive-Compulsive DisorderObsessionObsessionCompulsionCompulsion

Explaining Anxiety DisordersExplaining Anxiety Disorders

Learning PerspectiveLearning PerspectiveConditioning of FearConditioning of Fear

Biological PerspectiveBiological PerspectiveEvolutionEvolution

Fear of SnakesFear of SnakesGenesGenes

Identical Twins develop similar phobiasIdentical Twins develop similar phobiasPhysiologyPhysiology

Frontal lobeFrontal lobeSerotoninSerotoninAmygdalaAmygdala

Affective DisordersAffective Disorders

Major DepressionMajor DepressionDysthymiaDysthymia

BipolarBipolarManiaManiaDepressionDepression

Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Virginia Woolf, Edgar Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Virginia Woolf, Edgar Allan PoeAllan Poe

CyclothymiaCyclothymia

Explaining Affective DisordersExplaining Affective Disorders

Psychoanalytic PerspectivePsychoanalytic Perspective Childhood maladaptivityChildhood maladaptivity

Biological PerspectiveBiological Perspective Genetic – runs in familiesGenetic – runs in families BiochemicalBiochemical

Norepinephrine – overabundant during mania, Norepinephrine – overabundant during mania, scarce during depressionscarce during depression

Serotonin – SSRIsSerotonin – SSRIs Frontal Lobes – less active in depressionFrontal Lobes – less active in depression

Cognitive PerspectiveCognitive PerspectiveLearned helplessness Learned helplessness self-defeating beliefs self-defeating beliefs

M.E.P. SeligmanM.E.P. Seligman Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)

Dissociative DisordersDissociative Disorders

DepersonalizationDepersonalization

Dissociative AmnesiaDissociative Amnesia

Dissociative FugueDissociative Fugue

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

SchizophreniaSchizophreniaDisorganized thinkingDisorganized thinking

Hallucinations & delusionsHallucinations & delusions GrandeurGrandeur ParanoidParanoid ReferenceReference

Clanging & word saladClanging & word saladFlat AffectFlat Affect

Types of SchizophreniaTypes of SchizophreniaPositive Symptoms & Negative SymptomsPositive Symptoms & Negative SymptomsChronic vs. acuteChronic vs. acute

ParanoidParanoid DisorganizedDisorganized CatatonicCatatonic

Explaining SchizophreniaExplaining Schizophrenia Brain AbnormalitiesBrain Abnormalities

Dopamine OveractivityDopamine Overactivity Movement, learning, attention, emotionMovement, learning, attention, emotion

Glutamate OveractivityGlutamate OveractivityBrain ActivityBrain Activity

Low frontal lobe activityLow frontal lobe activity Planning and organizationPlanning and organization

Fluid-filled sinusesFluid-filled sinuses Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamusHippocampus, amygdala, thalamus

Birth FactorsBirth Factors Virus or starvation during pregnancyVirus or starvation during pregnancy

GeneticsGenetics Behavioral ApproachBehavioral Approach

Token EconomyToken Economy

Personality DisordersPersonality DisordersAvoidant PersonalityAvoidant Personality

Withdrawn b/c of anxietyWithdrawn b/c of anxietySchizoid Personality DisorderSchizoid Personality Disorder

Socially disengaged b/c of “eccentricity”Socially disengaged b/c of “eccentricity”Histrionic PersonalityHistrionic Personality

Dramatic and impulsiveDramatic and impulsiveNarcissisticNarcissistic

Exaggerate own importanceExaggerate own importanceBorderlineBorderline

UnstableUnstableAntisocial Personality DisorderAntisocial Personality Disorder

PrisonerPrisonerParanoid Personality DisorderParanoid Personality Disorder

What is therapy?What is therapy?

Psychological TherapiesPsychological Therapies PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic HumanisticHumanistic BehaviorBehavior CognitiveCognitive Group/FamilyGroup/Family

Medical TherapiesMedical Therapies DrugDrug ECTECT PsychosurgeryPsychosurgery

PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis

Unconscious childhood conflict Unconscious childhood conflict “uncover” “uncover” feelings/conflictsfeelings/conflicts

Based on Freud’s theoriesBased on Freud’s theories ID, EGO, SUPEREGOID, EGO, SUPEREGO

Free associationFree association HypnosisHypnosis

RegressionRegression Dream InterpretationDream Interpretation Resistance/InterpretationResistance/Interpretation Transference/CountertransferenceTransference/Countertransference

PsychodynamicsPsychodynamics Assuming today’s behavior is caused by yesterday’s Assuming today’s behavior is caused by yesterday’s

conflictsconflicts

Humanistic PerspectiveHumanistic Perspective

““Happiness”Happiness” Self-Actualization Self-ActualizationAbraham Maslow/Carl RogersAbraham Maslow/Carl Rogers

Self-actualizationSelf-actualizationUnconditional positive regardUnconditional positive regardSelf-concept/self-esteemSelf-concept/self-esteem

Client-Centered TherapiesClient-Centered TherapiesActive-listeningActive-listening

Behavior TherapyBehavior Therapy

Incorrect Learning Incorrect Learning “Re-learning” “Re-learning” Classical Conditioning TherapyClassical Conditioning Therapy

CounterconditioningCounterconditioningMary Cover JonesMary Cover Jones

Systematic desensitizationSystematic desensitizationProgressive relaxationProgressive relaxation

FloodingFlooding Aversive conditioningAversive conditioning

Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning Token EconomyToken Economy

Cognitive TherapyCognitive Therapy

Improper Thinking Improper Thinking Thought Thought RealigningRealigning

Cognitive TherapyCognitive TherapyDepressionDepression

Cognitive-Behavioral TherapyCognitive-Behavioral TherapyOCD/PET Scan ReadingsOCD/PET Scan Readings