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TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to Psychological and
Psychiatric Disorders
James M. Rice, RhD, CLCPMedical Psychology Associates, PC
Goals of this lecture/presentation
To discuss, review, and understand the DSM‐IV multiaxial system for classifying mental disordersTo look at the influence physical illnesses can have on emotional/mental disorders; andTo look at the role emotional/mental disorders play in the etiology, development, and maintenance of physical illnesses, and chronic illnesses in particular
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A general introduction
What do I mean by mental disorders and how are they defined?
A general introduction
Who diagnoses mental disorders?How are mental disorders l ifi d?classified?Why is this important to Life Care Planners?
A mental disorder is. . . .
conceptualized as a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress (e.g.,
f l d b la painful symptom) or disability (e.g. , impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom. (DSM, pg xxi)
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So, how are mental disorders classified?
With the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, otherwise known as DSM IV
So, who is qualified to diagnose mental disorders?
This varies from state‐to‐state, and is subject to change as licensing laws change. For most states, all Psychiatrists and any MD/DO canPsychiatrists and any MD/DO can diagnose, as can PhD‐level Psychologists. Some doctoral‐level counselors, MA level counselors, and MSW’s also diagnose, but many do not and work under the supervision of an MD or PhD
The classification of mental disorders
The multiaxial system of diagnosisWhat is it?Axis I Clinical DisordersAxis II Personality DisordersAxis II Personality DisordersAxis III Medical ProblemsAxis IV Psychosocial/Environmental factorsAxis V. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
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Let’s talk about each of these Axes
Axis I Clinical Disorders1)What are they?Examples of Axis I Disorders include:
1) Mood disorders like Major Depressive Disorder) j p2) Thought disorders like Schizophrenia3) Anxiety disorders like Panic disorder and PTSD4) Somatoform disorders like conversion disorder5) Many others too like Dementia, Substance Abuse, etc.
An important point
The mental health professional diagnosing an individual not only confirms the presence of certain diagnostic criteria, but also that these problems produce clinically significant problems and distress.
For example
Major Depressive Disorder
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An example of an Anxiety Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
An example of a Somatoform disorder
Conversion Disorder
Finally, an example of a Thought disorder
Schizophrenia
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What about Axis II Disorders?
How are they defined?Examples of Axis II disorders
Examples of Axis II Disorders include:Antisocial Personality DisorderBorderline Personality DisorderDependent Personality DisorderDependent Personality Disorder
What about Axis III, Axis IV, and Axis V?
Briefly…….
Axis III General Medical ConditionsAxis IV Psychosocial and Environmental ProblemsyAxis V Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
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Treatment options for
Mental Disorders
It is beyond the scope of this lecture to address all treatment options. Most treatment options include medications, psychotherapy, or both.
How is this relevant toLife Care Planning?
Injury, trauma, illness, and I ju y, t au a, i ess, a ddisease produce physical problemsThey also produce emotional,
cognitive, and behavioral problems
Summary and Conclusions
Definition of mental disordersDSM‐IV A classification system for mental disordersA description of Axis I and Axis II A description of Axis I and Axis IIdisordersA brief discussion of treatment issuesMental disorders and life care planning