PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

AND THE WAYS OF AVOIDINGBAD HABITS

DANGEROUS PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES:

• - tobacco;• - alcohol;• - drugs.

WHAT SMOKING DOES TO PEOPLE?

• over one in ten of all deaths in the world is due to smoking

• it killed almost 5 million people worldwide in 2000• people who don't smoke (also called 'passive or

secondary smoking') breathe in the pollution from smokers' cigarettes

• if your parents smoke, it will damage your lungs too• more than half of all deaths from smoking are among

people between 30 to 69 years of age• women who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day run

four times the risk of getting breast cancer

KEY FACTS:

• Tobacco use killed one hundred million people in the 20th century and if current trends continue, will kill one billion people in the 21st century;

• Almost one billion men (35 percent in developed countries and 50 percent in developing countries) and 250 million women (22 percent of women in developed countries and 9 percent in developing countries) smoke cigarettes;

• 5 million people will die worldwide this year from tobacco-related diseases;

• By 2025, tobacco will be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, killing more than 10 million people every year; 70 percent of these deaths will occur in developing countries;

• Worldwide, over 15 billion cigarettes are smoked every day;• The top five cigarette consuming countries are: China, United

States, Russia, Japan and Indonesia.

I think smoking is stupid! And I expect you do too after reading all this sad stuff.

WHAT EFFECTS CAN ALCOHOL HAVE ON YOU?

• Alcohol goes directly into the bloodstream which is why it has effects on every system in the body;

• Heavy drinking can cause cirrhosis and cancer of the liver;

• Alcohol abuse can lead to both homicides and suicides;• Long-term effects of heavy alcohol use include loss of

appetite, vitamin deficiencies, stomach ailments, heart and central nervous system damage, and memory loss;

• Alcohol blocks the messages going to your brain and alters your perceptions and emotions, vision, hearing,

and coordination.

QUICK TIPS AND FACTS ABOUT ALCOHOL

• One 12-ounce beer has as much alcohol as a 1.5-ounce shot of whiskey or a 5-ounce glass of wine, or wine coolers.

• Drinking increases the risk of injury. Car crashes, falls, burns,

drowning, and suicide are all linked to alcohol and other drug use.

• Alcohol can ruin your looks, give you bad

breath, and make you gain weight.

• Drinking can lead to intoxication and even

death.• Drinking puts your

health, education, family ties, and social

life at risk.

ANNUAL PER CAPITA ALCOHOL CONSUMPTIONIN SELECTED REGIONS

Region

Annual per capita consumption of alcohol in

the general population (litres)

Annual per capita consumption of alcohol among drinkers (litres)

Region of the Americas – (e.g. Canada, Cuba, USA) 9.7 14.8

European Region – (e.g. France, Germany, United Kingdom)

13.0 15.2

European Region – (e.g. Russian Federation, Ukraine)

14.8 17.4

Western Pacific Region – (e.g. China, Philippines, Vietnam)

4.9 8.6

Eastern Mediterranean Region – (e.g. Afghanistan, Pakistan)

0.8 8.9

WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF USING DRUGS?

• Increases in blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, and body temperature;

• Reduction of the body’s ability to resist and combat infection;

• Violent, erratic, or paranoid behavior;• Hallucinations and "coke bugs" -- a sensation of

imaginary insects crawling over the skin;• "Cocaine psychosis" -- losing touch with reality, loss of

interest in friends, family, sports, hobbies, and other activities

LEARN MORE ABOUT DRUGS

Get the facts right

Even one hit of

crack or cocaine can be fatal.

Stay informed

Injecting cocaine can give

you hepatitis and AIDS.

ANNUAL PREVALENCE OF GLOBAL ILLICIT DRUG USE

All illicit drugs

Cannabis Ecstasy Cocaine All opiates Heroin

Number of users (in millions)

185.0 147.4 7.0 13.4 12.9 9.2

Proportion of global

population (%)

3.1 2.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.15

Proportion of

population 15 years

and above (%)

4.3 3.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.22

Drug use can make you depressed, and contribute to slipping grades.

Using drugs won’t help you escape your problems, it will only create more.

MECHANISMS RELATING PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE TO HEALTH AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Form and patterns of substance use

Amount of substance use

Chronicdisease

Acute social

problems

Chronicsocial

problems

Accidents,injuries

Psychoactiveeffects

(intoxication)Toxic and otherbiochemical

effectsDependence

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL GLOBAL MORTALITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO TABACCO, ALCOHOL AND ILLICIT DRUGS

High mortality developing countries

Low mortality developing countries

Developed countries

Worldwide

Males Females Males Females Males Females

Tobacco 7.5 1.5 12.2 2.9 26.3 9.3 8.8

Alcohol 2.6 0.6 8.5 1.6 8.0 0.3 3.2

Illicit drugs 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.4