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Mohammad Aizat bin Azam0918851

Dr. Kartini

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What is Menopause?Greek : menos = month, pausos = endingOccur due to loss of ovarian follicular activity leading

to a fall in estradiol level Amenorrhea for 12 consecutive monthsPerimenopausal: transition timePostmenopausal: after menopause

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Physiology

Loss of ovarian sensitivity togonadotropins

Reduced oocyte recruitment/anovulation

Shorter follicular phase /oligomenorrhea/ amenorhea

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Stressor

Childrenleavinghome

Death ofpartner

RetirementDivorce

Physicalageing

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Menopause symptomsPhysical Tiredness Hot flushes Night sweat Insomnia Vaginal dryness Urinary frequency

Psychological Mood swings Anxiety Loss of short term

memory Lack of aconcentration Loss of self confidence Depression

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Menopausesrelated

psychiatricillnesses

Depression

Panic disorder

BipolardisorderSchizophrenia

Sleepproblems

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DepressionUS : 20% have depression at some point duringmenopause.Increases in perimenopausal, decreases in

postmenopausal (The Penn Ovarian Aging Study, acohort study)Caused by fluctuating and sudden decreasing ofestrogen during perimenopausal.

Estrogen increases the effects of serotonin andnorepinephrine in CNS.

Symptoms are similar with depression occur at othertime of life

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Sleep disturbances40-50% have insomnia during the menopausaltransition

May or may not be connected to mood disordersCaused by reduced estrogen, melatonin and GH byagingIncreases LH rises core body temperature

difficult to sleep.Commonly associated with anxiety, depressedmood, fatigue, lost of interest etc.

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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD):

New-onset, relapse of OCD, or a change in OCDsymptoms may occur during menopause.Fluctuations in OCD have been correlated with themenstrual cycle and with pregnancy, suggesting thathormone levels may contribute to the disorder

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OthersPanic disorderNew onset, or worsening of preexisting illness. Associated with negative life events, functional impairment,and medical comorbidity

Schizophrenia: Worsening courses during menopausal transition.

Bipolar disordersExacerbation of symptoms in women with preexisting illnessHigher rates of depressive episodes

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Alternative Management

TechniqueBreathing techniques Visualization

Hobbies - RelaxingBodywork Massages, ReflexologyMeditation The magic bullet Aromatherapy

Rosemary and lavendarProved to reduce cortisol level and increase anti oxidantactivities

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Islamic InputRasulullah bersabda maksudnya: "Jika bayi yanggugur itu memiliki tanda-tanda hidup, hendaklahdisolatkan dan ia berhak mendapat warisan". (HRTirmizi, Nasai', Ibnu Majah dan Baihaqi)"Orang yang berkenderaan hendaklah berada dibelakang jenazah, sedang yang berjalan kaki didepannya, dekat kepadanya sebelah kanan ataukirinya. Sedang anak yang keguguran juga disolatkandan didoakan keampunan dan rahmat bagi keduaorang tuanya". (HR. Ahmad dan Abu Daud)

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Think positive, menopause give extra time for themuslimah to perform more ibadahPreviously they had menstrual period which did notallowed them to perform ibadahThus the muslimah will have more opportunity toperform ibadah

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Referenceshttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overview#aw2aab6b3

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overview#aw2aab6b3

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/295382-overview

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