Chapter 2Explaining Drug Use and Abuse

Figure 02.CO© Huntstock/Thinkstock

Figure 02.T01: Risk Factors for Addiction

Figure 02.UN01: Like drug use, gambling can become addictive.© Karramba Production/ShutterStock, Inc.

Figure 02.B01A: Do Genes Matter? What is the Relationship Between Addiction and Other Mental Disorders?Reproduced from National Institute on Drug

Abuse (NIDA). Comorbidity: Addiction and Other Mental Disorders. NIDA InfoFacts. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011: 1–2.

Figure 02.B01B: Do Genes Matter? What is the Relationship Between Addiction and Other Mental Disorders?

Figure 02.B01C: Do Genes Matter? What is the Relationship Between Addiction and Other Mental Disorders?

Figure 02.B01A: High prevalence of drug abuse and dependence among individuals with mood and anxiety disorders.Reproduced from U.S. Department of Health

and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse. Comorbidity: Addiction and Other Mental Illnesses. Research Report Series. NIH Publication Number 10-5771. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010.

Figure 02.B01B: Higher prevalence of mental disorders among patients with drug use disorders.Reproduced from U.S. Department of Health and

Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse. Comorbidity: Addiction and Other Mental Illnesses. Research Report Series. NIH Publication Number 10-5771. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010.

Figure 02.B01C: Higher prevalence of smoking among patients with mental disorders.

Reproduced from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse. Comorbidity: Addiction and Other Mental Illnesses. Research Report Series. NIH Publication Number 10-5771. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010.

Figure 02.HN01: Here and Now: How Not to Encourage Your Teen to Use Drugs

Figure 02.HN02A: Here and Now: Symptoms of Drug and Alcohol AbuseData from L.A. W. Publications. Let’s All Work to Fight Drug

Abuse. Addison, TX: C&L Printing Company, 1985: 38; Drug Strategies. “Santa Barbara Profile: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs.” Washington, DC: Drug Strategies, 1999.; Liddle, H. “AAMFT Consumer Update: Adolescent Substance Abuse. American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT).” Alexandria, VA: American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, April 2001.; Witmer, D. “Teen Drug Use Warning Signs.” About.com. 2013. Available http://parentingteens.about.com/cs/drugsofabuse/a/driug_abuse20.

Figure 02.HN02B: Here and Now: Symptoms of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

Figure 02.UN02: This child is role playing largely by imitating the habits of a significant other.

© Jones & Bartlett Learning. Photographed by Kimberly Potvin and Christine McKeen.

Figure 02.01: Adolescent behavior problems and substance use in past month.

Reproduced from Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Study Shows Strong Relationship Between Adolescent Behavior Problems and Alcohol Use. Press Release. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1 March 2000.

Figure 02.02: Percentage of grade 7 nondrinkers, experimenters, and drinkers exhibiting problem behaviors at age 23.Reproduced from University of Maryland, Center for

Substance Abuse Research (CESAR). "Ten-Year Prospective Study of Public Health Problems Associated with Early Drinking.” CESAR FAX 12(36) (2003), using data from Ellickson, P. L., J. S. Tucker, and D. J. Klein. “Ten-Year Prospective Study of Public Health Problems Associated with Early Drinking.” Pediatrics 111(5) (2003): 949-955.

Figure 02.HN03A: Here and Now: Does Divorce Affect Adolescent Drug Use?

Figure 02.HN03B: Here and Now: Does Divorce Affect Adolescent Drug Use?

Figure 02.CP01: Case in Point: Specific Signs of Marijuana UseInterview with a 20-year-old male college student at a private university in the Midwest, conducted by Peter Venturelli on November 19, 1993. Second interview with same interviewee male, 37 years of age, June 2010.

Figure 02.UN03: This cartoon illustrates the reflective process in retrospective interpretation that often occurs in daily conversations.

Courtesy of Alex Silvestri.

Figure 02.UN04: An example of feeling stressed and experiencing strain from an overly demanding society.

© Photos.com

Figure 02.03: Levels of technological development and resulting subcultures.

Figure 02.T02: Likelihood of Drug Use