PS 139-02 SEM: States, Nations and the Politics of Citizenship Rules

Fall term, 2013 Tuesdays 1:30 – 4:00 (Block 6) Packard Hall conference room

Professor: Oxana Shevel Office: Packard 308 E-mail: oxana.shevel@tufts.edu Phone: 627-2658 Office hours: Thursdays 1:30-3:15pm and by appointment Course website accessible through http://trunk.tufts.edu/

Course description and objectives

How do states decide who has the right to citizenship? For modern nation-states, defining the boundaries of the nation in whose name the state is constituted has always been a critically important task. For today's states hosting large numbers of immigrants and minorities, this question remains highly salient, and often politically contested. In this course we will examine the politics of citizenship policymaking in modern states, paying particular attention to alternative theoretical explanation. Are citizenship rules determined primarily by material considerations, such as economic, demographic, and security concerns? Or perhaps by ideational considerations, such as prevailing images of the nation and normative ideals? Do international norms and standards constrain and inform citizenship policymakers today, and if so how? As the world globalizes, does the relevance of national citizenship decline? What are the current trends and trajectories of citizenship rules around the globe? Are citizenship politics and policies fundamentally different in democratic and authoritarian states? In western and non-western states? This course engages recent work in political science and related disciplines addressing these questions. We will also analyze contemporary and historical citizenship policies in various countries in the world, paying particular attention to Europe (Western and Eastern) and North America.

The course is a seminar, so class time will be devoted exclusively to the discussion of the assigned readings, rather than to lecturing on my part. This means that you should read the assigned material for the week before coming to class, and come prepared to actively participate in the discussion of the week’s readings. This is a reading-intensive course. You are expected to read and discuss between 130 to 200-plus pages each week, in addition to class assignments. If you don’t read, you will get little out of the class, and the quality of discussion for all will suffer. Those unable to commit to reading should NOT take the class.

Course requirements

Class participation 15% Weekly discussion questions 10% Reaction paper 15% Research paper proposal 5% Paper discussant 5% Final research paper 50%

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All assignments will be given a numerical grade on the following scale: A 93 and higher B- 80-82 D+ 67-69 A- 90-92 C+ 77-79 D 63-66 B+ 87-89 C 73-76 D- 60-62 B 83-86 C- 70-72 F 59 and below Important dates and deadlines: 10am day of class Discussion question due on Trunk 12noon Mondays Reaction papers due to me as email attachments in MS Word format September 24 No class (class cancelled) October 15 No class (Monday schedule) October 18 Paper abstracts and preliminary bibliography due by 10am December 16 Final paper due in my office and via Trunk by 5pm Attendance and active participation: You will be evaluated on your attendance, the quality of your preparation and involvement in discussion, and your diligence in meeting deadlines and posting discussion questions (see below). More than one absence without a proper excuse will affect your participation grade, and absence from four or more classes will automatically result in a failing grade. Students arriving late will generally be counted as absent. Reaction paper: Each student will write a short reaction papers to the readings (4-6 double-spaced pages) and present it in class to start off the discussion. You will select the week for your reaction papers during the first week of classes. A handout on writing effective discussion paper will be posted to Trunk under Assignments. Papers are due to me as an email attachment by 12 noon on Monday, the day before we meet. Late papers will be marked down, and I reserve the right not to accept papers that arrive too late for me to read them thoroughly Weekly discussion questions: In weeks when you are not writing a reaction paper, you have to post on Trunk one discussion question on the readings by 10am the day of class. While clarifying questions are acceptable on occasion, aim for more thought-provoking questions that tap into the broader issues/theories/debates addressed in the week’s readings. A handout on writing effective discussion questions will be posted to Trunk. The questions will be graded either “check”, “check minus” or “check-plus,” the last grade being reserved for particularly thoughtful and illuminating questions. You will receive an A for this part of the course if your questions average a “check”. Each check-minus (that is not offset by a check-plus) will reduce your grade by half a grade (i.e. 9 checks and 1 check-minus will earn you an A-). Not submitting a question at all by the deadline will reduce your grade by a full letter grade for each missed week. Research paper: The main requirement for the course is a 15-20 page research paper. In this paper you will have to analyze citizenship policies in one or several countries of your choice and explicitly evaluate the explanatory power of two (or more) theories we studied in the course. Your paper should not just describe citizenship acquisition rules in your chosen country but should instead identify some contested and/or puzzling development – perhaps a recent policy change (or planned change) that generated domestic debate, or a failed attempt to change some element of citizenship policy – and examine the politics around this development. A 2-3

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page paper proposal will be due October 18, a complete rough draft of the paper has to be circulated to class before your paper presentation during the last two weeks of the semester, and final paper is due December 16. Further specifics of the paper assignment will be announced and discussed in class several weeks into the semester and posted to Trunk. Paper discussant: The last two meetings will be run as a research workshop, where each of you will benefit from group discussion of your paper. Each student will serve as a discussant on the paper by one other fellow student. The discussant’s task is to offer a short but substantive written critique of a fellow student’s rough draft (2-3 double-spaced pages) and to lead off group discussion of the paper with the prepared critique. Guidelines and helpful hints on this assignment will be provided ahead of time.

Course policies

Late and make-up policy. Absences will be excused and requests for extensions and make-ups considered only if you have a documented valid excuse (such as illness, or family or personal emergency) and inform me promptly (usually prior to the start of that day’s class in case of absences). Extensions will not be given due to general pressures of academic life such as exams and assignments due in other classes, or due to computer failures. Students who miss class are responsible for keeping track of any announcements, including possible changes in the syllabus, made in class. Trunk. We will use Trunk extensively in this course. It is your responsibility to make sure your correct email address is entered in Trunk, as you are responsible for receiving and reading emails and announcements that I send to the class via Trunk. Academic dishonesty. There will be a zero tolerance policy on plagiarism and academic dishonesty in this course. Tufts holds its students strictly accountable for adherence to academic integrity. The consequences for violations can be severe. It is critical that you understand the requirements of ethical behavior and academic work as described in Tufts’ Academic Integrity handbook (hyperlinked on Trunk). If you ever have a question about the expectations concerning a particular assignment or project in this course, be sure to ask me for clarification. As part of this course, I may utilize TurnItIn in the Trunk learning management system to help determine the originality of your work. The Faculty of the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Engineering are required to report suspected cases of academic integrity violations to the Dean of Student Affairs Office. If I suspect that you have cheated or plagiarized in this class, I must report the situation to the dean.

Course readings

The following books are required and should be purchased at the bookstore or elsewhere. They will also be placed on reserve at Tisch. 1. Rogers Brubaker, Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany (Harvard UP, 1992) 2. Marc Morje Howard, The Politics of Citizenship in Europe (Cambridge UP, 2009). 3. Thomas Janoski, The Ironies of Citizenship (Cambridge UP, 2010). 4. Christian Joppke, Citizenship and Immigration (Polity, 2009).

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In addition, required articles and other readings will be available through Trunk course page (marked TR on the syllabus). To save a tree and save you some money, I have not put together a course pack.

COURSE SCHEDULE

NOTE: the syllabus may change as the semester progresses. Updates/changes will be announced in class as well as posted on Trunk. Please treat the version on Trunk as the most up-to-date, and thus definitive, version. #1. Tue, Sept 3. The meaning of citizenship, past and present. 1. Derek Heater, A Brief History of Citizenship (New York UP, 2004), pp. 1-95. (TR) 2. T.H.Marshall, “Citizenship and Social Class.” Originally delivered in Cambridge as the

Marshall Lecture for 1949. (TR) 3. Irene Bloemraad, Anna Korteweg, and and Gokce Yurdakul, “Citizenship and Immigration:

Multiculturalism, Assimilation, and Challenges to the Nation-State,” Annual Review of Sociology, v. 34 (August 2008), pp. 153-179. (TR)

#2. Tue, Sept 10. Citizenship rights and principles in the international law and in current global practices. The first week to post your weekly discussion question on Trunk by 10am the day of class. * * If you are writing discussion paper this week, please email the paper to me no later than 12 noon Monday, the day before class * 1. Joppke, ch. 2, pp. 34-72. 2. Rainer Olhiger, "Jus Sanguinis," and Randall Hansen, "Jus Soli," in Matthew J. Gibney and

Randall Hansen, eds., Immigration and Asylum: From 1900 to the Present (Vol. 2) (Santa Barbara, Calif.: Abc-Clio, 2005), pp. 342-246. (TR)

3. Carol Batchelor, "Statelessness and the Problem of Resolving Nationality Status", International Journal of Refugee Law, v. 10, no.1-2 (1998), pp. 156-183. (TR)

4. “Statelessness and Citizenship”, chapter 6 in The State of the World’s Refugees 1997: A Humanitarian Agenda (UNHCR: Geneva, 1997). (TR)

5. Tanja Brøndsted Sejersen, “’I Vow to Thee My Countries’ – The Expansion of Dual Citizenship in the 21st Century,” International Migration Review, v. 42, no. 3 (September 2008), pp. 523-549. (TR)

6. Cristina Escobar, “Extraterritorial Political Rights and Dual Citizenship in Latin America,” Latin American Research Review, vol. 42, no. 3 (October 2007), pp. 43-75. (TR)

Useful resources on statelessness: UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) statelessness websites: http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49c3646c155.html and also http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=statelessness

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# 3. Tue, Sept 17. Debating the relevance of national citizenship in the age of globalization. 1. Yasemin Soysal, “Towards a Postnational Model of Membership,” in Gershon Shafir, ed., The

Citizenship Debates (U of Minnesota Press, 1998), pp. 189-217. (TR) 2. Peter Spiro, Beyond Citizenship: American Identity after Globalization (Oxford UP 2008), chs

1 and 8, pp. 1-8, 109-135. (TR) 3. Joppke ch. 3-4, pp. 73-144; ch. 6, pp. 162-172. 4. Sheyla Benhabib, The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents and Citizens (Cambridge UP,

2007), pp. 144-169 (excerpt from chapter 4 “Transformation of citizenship: the European Union”). (TR)

5. Randall Hansen, “The Poverty of Postnationalism: Citizenship, Immigration, and the New Europe,” Theory and Society, v. 38, no. 1 (2009), pp. 1-24. (TR)

Tue, Sept 24 – No class (professor attending conference in Washington, DC) #4. Tue, Oct 1. The politics of citizenship policy I: National identity and citizenship rules. 1. Rawi Abdelal, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair Iain Johnston, and Rose McDermott, "Identity as

a Variable," Perspectives on Politics v. 4, no. 4 (December 2006): 695–711. (TR) 2. Anthony Marx, “The Nation-State and Its Exclusions,” Political Science Quarterly, v. 117, no.

1 (2002), pp. 103-126. (TR) 3. Bhiku Parekh, “British National Identity,” The Political Quarterly, v. 71, no. 1 (January

2000), pp. 4-14. (TR) 4. Brubaker, pp. 1-20; 85-138; 179-189. 5. Patrick Weil, How to be French? A Nationality in the Making since 1789 (Duke UP 2008), pp.

1-7, 173-193, 250-251. (TR)

#5. Tue, Oct 8. The politics of citizenship policy II: historical and institutional legacies and citizenship rules. 1. Howard, ch. 2, pp. 37-51. 2. Janoski, ch. 1, pp. 1-24, ch. 3, pp. 55-88. 3. Erik Bleich, “The Legacies of History? Colonization and Immigrant Integration in Britain and

France,” Theory and Society, v. 34 (2005), pp. 171-195. (TR) 4. Fiorella Dell’Olio, “The Redefinition of the Concept of Nationality in the UK: Between

Historical Responsibility and Normative Challenges,” Politics, v. 22, no. 1 (2001), pp. 9-16. (TR)

Tue, Oct 15 – No class (Monday schedule) * Research paper abstract and preliminary bibliography due in my office and via Assignments on Trunk this week (by 10am Friday, October 18) *

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#6. Tue, Oct 22. The politics of citizenship policy III: organized interests and citizenship rules. 1. Howard ch. 3, pp. 52-69. 2. Janoski, ch. 7, pp. 187-218. 3. Irene Bloemraad, “Becoming a Citizen in the United States and Canada: Structured

Mobilization and Immigrant Political Incorporation,” Social Forces v. 85, no. 2 (December 2006), pp. 667-695. (TR)

4. Eugene Tan, “A Union of Gender Equality and Pragmatic Patriarchy: International Marriages and Citizenship Laws in Singapore,” Citizenship Studies, v. 12, no. 1 (February 2008), pp. 73–89. (TR)

5. Beth Elise Whitaker, “The Politics of Home: Dual Citizenship and the African Diaspora,” International Migration Review, v. 45, no. 4 (Winter 2011), pp. 755–783 ONLY (TR)

#7. Tue, Oct 29. Cases I: citizenship policies and politics the US and other settler societies. 1. Janoski, ch. 4, pp. 89-123. 2. Irene Bloemraad and Reed Ueda, “Naturalization and Nationality,” in Companion to

American Immigration, Reed Ueda, ed., (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 36-57. (TR) 3. Rogers Smith, Civic Ideals: Conflicting Visions of Citizenship in US History (Yale UP 1997),

pp. 1-39. (TR) 4. Susan Gordon, “Integrating Immigrants: Morality and Loyalty in US Naturalization Practice,”

Citizenship Studies, v. 11, no. 4 (September 2007), pp. 367-382. (TR) 5. Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos, “Building Walls, Bounding Nations: Migration and Exclusion in

Canada and Germany, 1870–1939,” Journal of Historical Sociology, v. 17, no. 4 (December 2004), pp. 385-426 (read pp. 385-403, 415-417 only). (TR)

#8. Tue, Nov 5. Cases II: Europe 1. Measuring, comparing and debating trajectories of citizenship rules in Europe. 1. Howard, ch. 1, pp. 17-36. 2. Randall Hansen and Patrick Weil, “Introduction: Citizenship, Immigration, and Nationality:

Towards a Convergence in Europe?” in Randall Hansen and Patrick Weil, eds., Towards a European Nationality. Citizenship, Immigration and Nationality Law in the EU (Palgrave 2001), pp. 1-23. (TR)

3. Patrick Weil, “Access to Citizenship: a Comparison of 25 Nationality Laws,” in Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer, ed., Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2001), pp. 17-35. (TR)

4. Maarten Vink and Gerard-Rene de Groot, “Citizenship Attribution in Western Europe: International Framework and Domestic Trends,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, v. 36, no 5 (May 2010), pp. 713-743. (TR)

5. Sara Wallace Goodman, “Fortifying Citizenship: Policy Strategy for Civic Integration in Western Europe,” World Politics, v. 64, no. 4 (October 2012), pp. 659-698. (TR)

Useful resource for European countries: European Union Democracy Observatory on Citizenship (EUDO Citizenship). Country reports, working papers, database of citizenship acquisition and loss rules, news and recent publications section and more: http://eudo-citizenship.eu/

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#9. Tue, Nov 12. Cases III: Europe 2. Case studies of citizenship regimes in Europe. 1. Brubakers, ch. 7-8, pp. 138-178. 2. Howard, ch. 4-7, pp. 73-168. 3. Janoski, ch. 5-6, pp. 127-186 (Austria, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium) 4. Review Weil, How to be French from Oct 1. #10. Tue, Nov 19. Cases IV: citizenship policies and politics in the non-western world (Africa, the Arab world, and the post-Communist region). 1. Bronwen Manby, Struggles for Citizenship in Africa (Zed Books, 2009), ch. 2, 6 (pp. 26-36,

127-140). (TR) 2. Gianluca Paolo Parolin, Citizenship in the Arab World: Kin, Religion, and the Nation-State

(Amsterdam UP, 2008), ch. 4, pp. 115-129. (TR) 3. André Liebich and Rainer Bauböck (eds.), “Is there (still) an East-West Divide in the

Conception of Citizenship in Europe?” RSCAS Working Paper 2010/19, pp. 1-27. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13587 (hyperlink on TR)

4. Oxana Shevel, “The Politics of Citizenship Policy in New States.” Comparative Politics, vol. 41, no. 3 (April 2009), pp. 273-291. (TR)

5. Jo Shaw, Igor Štiks, eds., Citizenship After Yugoslavia” (Routelage 2013), pages TBA. (TR) #12. Tue, Nov 26. Student paper presentations #13. Tue, Dec 3. Student paper presentations. * FINAL PAPERS DUE BY 5PM MONDAY, DECEMBER 16, IN MY OFFICE AND ALSO VIA TRUNK ASSIGNMENTS FUNCTION *