PR/USVI COMThurricane/storm selection criteria:

significant impact on the region (surge and or waves)recent : remote data available (satellite , aircraft, radar )data availability: winds (meteo) , waves, sea level and surge

no hurricanes or storms with significant surge and wave data

3 hurricanes which directly impacted the region :Hugo (Cat 4) Marilyn (Cat 3) and Georges (Cat 2) for which there is wind (meteo), sea level and surge (tide + wave run-up)

1 hurricane and 1 storm (T.S. Isaac aand Hurricane Sandy), no directly impacting the region but with waves (4 meters/16 seconds..Sandy).

Track of Selected Storms

Marilyn 1995

Hugo 1989

Georges 1998

Lenny 1999

Isaac 2012

Sandy 2012 (out of area)

Aguadilla/Borinquen AWS = 785140 Eugenio Maria de Hostos AWS = 785145Roosevelt Roads NAS AWS = 785350San Juan Intl Airport AWS = 785260Beef Isl/Roadtown AWS = 785500C. Amalie/Cyril E. AWS = 785430Christiansted/Alex. AWS = 785470

Hurricane Hugo (1989) Aguadilla/Borinquen AWS = 785140 Eugenio Maria de Hostos AWS = 785145Luis Munoz Marin In AWS = 785263Mercedita AWS = 785203Roosevelt Roads NAS AWS = 785350San Juan Intl Airport AWS = 785260Beef Isl/Roadtown AWS = 785500C. Amalie/Cyril E. AWS = 785430Christiansted/Alex. AWS = 785470

Hurricane Georges (1998)

Aguadilla/Borinquen AWS = 785140 Eugenio Maria de Hostos AWS = 785145Luis Munoz Marin In AWS = 785263Mercedita AWS = 785203Roosevelt Roads NAS AWS = 785350San Juan Intl Airport AWS = 785260Beef Isl/Roadtown AWS = 785500C. Amalie/Cyril E. AWS = 785430Christiansted/Alex. AWS = 785470

Hurricane Lenny (1999)

Beef Isl/Roadtown AWS = 785500C. Amalie/Cyril E. AWS = 785430Christiansted/Alex. AWS = 785470Eugenio Maria de Hostos AWS = 785145Mercedita AWS = 785203Roosevelt Roads NAS AWS = 785350San Juan Intl Airport AWS = 785260San Juan L M Marin Intl AWS = 11641

Hurricane Marilyn (1995)

Historical meteorological data available from National Climatic Data Center http://gis.ncdc.noaa.gov/map/viewer/#app=cdo&cfg=cdo&theme=hourly&layers=1&node=gis

Station ID Begin EndMona Island, PR 9759938 Sept 18, 2006 -Aguadilla, PR 9759412 Jan 20, 2006 Oct 30, 2012Mayaguez, PR 9759394 Mar 13, 2008 -Punta Guanajibo, PR 9759421 Mar 12, 2006 Jun 1, 2006Puerto Real, PR 9759189 May 14, 2011 Sept 7, 2011Bahia Salinas, PR 9759197 May 15, 2011 Sept 7, 2011Magueyes Island, PR 9759110 Jan 1, 1965 -Penuelas, PR 9758053 Mar 30, 2001 Feb 10, 2005 Oct 15, 2008 Mar 18, 2013Santa Isabel, PR 9756639 May 5, 2011 Sep 6, 2011Las Mareas, PR 9755679 Mar 29, 2002 Jun 23, 2002Yabucoa, PR 9754228 Aug 28, 2008 -Naguabo, PR 9753641 May 10, 2011 Sept 6, 2011Palominos, PR 9752962 May 9, 2011 Sept 6, 2011Fajardo, PR 9753216 Oct 6, 2008 -San Juan, PR 9755371 Nov 29, 1977 -Arecibo, PR 9757809 Aug 28, 2008 -

Tide Gauge Availability (PR)

HURRICANE HUGOAll available maximum sustained wind data (estimated and observed from the report and the National Hurricane Center) for Hurricane Hugo indicates Hugo was a category 3 (Saffir-Simpson Scale) when it hit the Puerto Rican Islands of Vieques and Culebra. Hugo weakened to a category 2 hurricane when it affected the mainland of Puerto Rico. Hugo was a category 4 hurricane when it hit the Virgin Islands andSouth Carolina.

HURRICANE HUGO

HURRICANE HUGO

Hurr

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go (1

989)

Hurricane Marilyn

104 mph winds in St CroixSurge (still water) + wave run-up

Measurements of the storm surge (surge + waves?) by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on St. Croix found most areas had heights of 5-6 feet, but there was one location on the north coast that was hit with a storm tide of 11.7 feet.

Hurricane Marilyn

Hurr

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n (1

995)

H/ Georges• Several land-based locations within the Caribbean recorded sustained hurricane-force winds during Georges passage

including Hamilton Airport and VITEMA/Herman Hill in St. Croix, Cyril E. King Airport in St. Thomas, and all the official reporting sites in Puerto Rico. The highest sustained wind and gust reported at an official site was 78 knots and 93 knots, respectively, at Roosevelt Roads Naval Station (TJNR) at 2302 UTC 21 September.

Hurr

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NDBC Wave Data

1. There was a WaveRider Buoy (NDBC 41140, depth 244 m), operated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography, located in Christiansted Harbor in St. Croix. It has historical data from 2008-2010 so it has wave data for the following Hurricanes:

1. Hurricane Omar (2008)2. Hurricane Earl (2010)

2. There is a NDBC deep water buoy (NDBC 41043, depth 5.3 km) located 170 nautical miles North-Northeast of San Juan. It has spectral wave data from 2007 until present, so there is data for the extra-tropical generated swells as well as for the following Hurricanes:

1. Hurricane Omar (2008)2. Hurricane Earl (2010)3. Hurricane Irene (2011)4. Hurricane Isaac (2012)5. Hurricane Sandy (2012)

3. There is a NDBC deep water buoy (NDBC 42060, depth 1.6 km) located 76 nautical miles South-Southwest of Plymouth, Montserrat. It has spectral wave data from 2009 until present, so there is data in the Caribbean Sea for the following Hurricanes:

1. Hurricane Earl (2010)2. Hurricane Irene (2011)3. Hurricane Isaac (2012)4. Hurricane Sandy (2012)

CariCOOS Wave Data

CariCOOS Wind Data

Ponce – Summer 2009San Juan- Summer 2010Rincon – December 2010South of St. John – April 2011South of St. Thomas – March 2013Vieques – May 2011

Hurricane Isaac

Hurricane Sandy

Rincon, PR San Juan, PR

Hurricane Sandy

Rincon Extratropical Wave Experiment (Jan – Feb 2012)

Puerto Rico is exposed to swells generatedAt the North Atlantic during October-March

Due to its location, the town of Rincon isaffected by most swells that range in directionfrom NorthWest to NorthEast

As a consequence of the local bathymetry ofRincon, the wave field refracts (almost 90◦)and is focused towards the coast

The Tres Palmas Marine Reserve has an exten-sive coverage of Elkhorn corals reef, and depthsgo from more than 100 m to 20 m directly intothe reef area

The refracted wave field comes close to perpendicular to the reef area

Instrument setup

(1) Datawell Waverider (1) Nortek AWAC(2) Ocean Sensor Systems Pressure Sensor(1) Teledyne Sentinel ADCP

Waverider (2D spectrum):33 m, 30 min interval sampling

AWAC (2D spectrum):18 m, 30 min interval sampling (waves)ADCP had comm. problem

Pressure Sensors:6.54m, 3.33 mContinuous, 10 Hz sampling rate

Sentinel ADCP:10 m channel, 30 min interval sampling0.5 m bin size

January 14, 2013

Instruments right under the waves!ADCP on alongshore channel after waves break (to the left)

AWAC (18 m)

PS #1 (6.5 m)

PS #2 (3.3 m)

January 14, 02:00 – 02:30 Z

January 11 – Feb 20, 2013

About 85% energy dissipation/redistribution over 200 m distanceMax Hs (Waverider) 2.5 m, Highest wave zero-crossing 3.2 m

Wave energy dissipation and redistribution