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Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or system… the most common historically for Stone Fruit is: Open Center (Peach, Nectarine, Apricot, Japanese Plums) Modified Central Leader (Prune Plum, Cherry • Pruning and maintaining mature trees • Renovating older trees for an orchard or for the homeowner

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Page 1: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Pruning Stone Fruit

Ron Perry

MSU Hort

Pruning Fruit Trees

• Developing and Training Young trees

– Follow a plan or system… the most common historically for Stone Fruit is: Open Center (Peach, Nectarine, Apricot,

Japanese Plums)

Modified Central Leader (Prune Plum, Cherry

• Pruning and maintaining mature trees

• Renovating older trees for an orchard or for the homeowner

Page 2: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Sour Cherry; Modified Central Leader

Buds are simple like peach,

with flowers forming on last

year branches or spurs

Sweet Cherry only bares blossoms /

fruit on spurs

Page 3: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Sweet cherry – Modified

Central Leader for traditional

System

Open Center System (Vase)

• Traditional system from Europe.

• Used for fruit crops with canopies with a spreading habit: peach, nectarine, apricot, Japanese plums

• Can be applied to other crops; pears, apples, etc.

• Sacrifice crop production in early years to develop framework.

• Trunk is central axis for only first 24-30”, bifurcates to 3-4 primary scaffolds

• Requires a strategic understanding in developing frame.

Page 4: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Peach buds are simple and form on last year growth only.

Leaf buds in center

blossom buds on side

Leaf buds

Peach/Nectarine branches

Page 5: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Peach bares on only last year growth: Apricot &

Plum plus young spurs: renew growth

Open Center System

1

1

2

3

Wide angle crotch

at 24 “

Page 6: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Open Center….scaffolds

Trunk

1 2

3

Each scaffold = 36” long Overhead

view

Open Center System

1

1

2

3

Wide angle crotch

at 24 “

Page 7: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Open Center….scaffolds

24 “ Trunk

1

2

3

Side view

Page 8: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Bacterial canker influences pruning and scaffold / tree survival in

Midwest and Eastern US

• Avoid by physically spreading

branches in branch

development phase.

• Avoid development of narrow

crotch which causes “bark

inclusion”.

• Included bark is where both

cold injury and Bacterial

Canker develop.

“Reduction” Cut or “Bench” Cut

• Redirect growth to

outward / away from

central part of tree.

• Can be a problem if

thinning cut is made too

close to lateral.

• Encourages weakness

Page 9: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Reduction Cut or Bench Cut

Traditional Open Center System in California

Girdling Nectarines to

Increase fruit size

Page 10: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Taturra System Developed in Australia was the first “Y” System

Open Center: Peach, Apricot, Plums

Modified OC; high density version = “Y” System

Page 11: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Y System in California

Y System in California

Page 12: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

Older orchard of peaches in Y system

Vase or Open Center

Peach

Pears

Page 13: Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort · 2017. 10. 3. · Pruning Stone Fruit Ron Perry MSU Hort Pruning Fruit Trees • Developing and Training Young trees – Follow a plan or

OC used in Almonds

OC used in Apples


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