pr©sentation powerpoint - resilient cities
TRANSCRIPT
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MAKING LOW-CARBON SUSTAINABLE CITIES RESILIENT
Resilient Cities 2012 Congress, Bonn 14th May, 2012
Kanika Chawla REN 21
www.ren21.net
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About REN21
Multi-stakeholder Policy Network grouping: national to local governments, industry, academia, INGOs, NGOs, civil society
Rationale: enable a rapid global transition to renewable energy.
REN21’s Mission: promote policies for worldwide renewable energy expansion through
objective policy guidance
high quality information
exchange among relevant actors
Urban Energy Future R
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Half of the world’s population lives in cities today.
Nearly two-third of the world population will reside in urban areas by 2040.
Cities will consume 80% of the world’s energy by 2040. ?
Challenges faced by Cities R
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Challenges of Cities in the future
Meet the growing energy needs of rising population
Reduce their greenhouse emissions
Cities want to be part of the SOLUTION and not the PROBLEM
Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy
What will the future look like?
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REN21 Global Futures Report (GFR)
Tool to facilitate dialogue on the future of renewable energy
Aims at providing a simple overview on how the future of RE is currently seen by prominent experts, governments, and institutions
Based on more than 150 interviews conducted around the world
Emphasis on role of local governments and visions for cities of the future
First review draft available upon request
Trends
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Green city Dynamics …
By 2011
62% of the world’s largest cities had adopted climate change actions
57% had plans for GHG reductions with an emphasis on renewable energy
Examples of renewable energy targets by cities:
Vaxjo, Sweden aims to be 100% renewable energy driven by 2030
City of Austin, USA wants 100% of their own use electricity to come from renewables
Hamburg, Germany plans to reduce 80% of their CO2 emissions by 2050 (base 1990)
Cape Town, South Africa to produce 10% of its primary energy supply from renewable energy sources by 2020
Seoul, South Korea has a renewable energy supply target of 20% by 2030
Switching to Renewable Energy
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i) Using Municipal Utilities
Transforming production infrastructure to integrate greater share of renewable energy in the electric supply in Munich, Copenhagen, Vaxjo, etc where the city owns the energy utility.
ii) Re-Municipalisation of Energy Utilities and The Grid
Modelled after the “Sustainable Energy Initiative” of Delaware, the city of Philadelphia has created a sustainable energy authority that will invest in RE . New York and Vermont are also going for the same approach.
Hamburg and Boulder are re-municipalising their utility. Hamburg for instance has set up Hamburg Energie that will invest in RE.
iii) Renegotiating Contracts with Energy Utilities
Ithaca, New York has switched to 100 % RE electricity
Austin, Texas are powering their municipal facilities with 100% renewable.
Buildings- Consumers to Prosumers R
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Buildings currently account for 40% of the world energy consumption
Buildings around the world are considerably being transformed with the emergence of ‘passive buildings ’, ‘zero-energy buildings’, ‘net-zero buildings’, ‘carbon-neutral buildings’ and ‘living buildings’
All city buildings in Austin are to be carbon neutral by 2020
Oregon Sustainable Center in Portland
All new developments in Amsterdam to be energy neutral
from 2015 onwards.
Heating and Cooling- the Sleeping Giant R
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As buildings are being transformed, cities and local governments will be looking to use more renewables for their heating and cooling purposes
District heating system will be key to an effective and green heating system using biomass, geothermal or solar thermal collectors.
Vaxjo, Sweden fulfills 90% of its heating demand from biomass
98% of the homes in Copenhagen are connected to the district system fired by biomass
Amsterdam district heating system uses biomass of biogas
Munich and Seoul are investing in geothermal; Munich already meeting 80% of its heating needs via geothermal sources
Transportation- Electric Mobility R
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Currently 85 % of energy used in urban transport comes from fossil fuels
Rebuilding the urban transportion system that are driven by renewables is the goal of many cities around the world.
Conversion of Rail bound transport to 100% RE e.g Hamburg (by 2050) and Calgary
Hong Kong, Mexico City and Sydney are investing extensively in the electrification of their railway systems
Sao Paulo introduced 60 ethanol buses in 2011. 1200 buses are now using a B20 blend in the city of Sao Paulo. Johannesburg also introduced 25 ethanol buses in 2011
Mexico city is currently building solar powered charging stations in order to to put 100 EV’s on the road by the end of 2012
Austin, Texas is currently supplying 50 charging stations in the city with renewable electricity
Smart Cities R
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The concept of smart cities is to make intensive use of ICT to enhance energy efficiency, maximise the integration and use of renewables in buildings and in local electricity grid and ensure the smooth roll out of EV`s. It enables intelligent energy management and creates a system of:
Currently there are 102 smart city project in the world including Amsterdam, Seoul, Boulder, Colorado, Johannesburg, Lagos and Delhi.
Smart Grids Smart Transport
Smart Buidlings
Cities of the Future R
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Songdo, South Korea (65,000 people): This eco-city is located 65km outside of Seoul and is being developed as the greenest business hub of the world. Aiming to be ready by 2016.
Dongton Eco City, China (500,000 people) : This city aims to combine an ambitious vision of sustainable development and urban planning. The city will have an entirely self sufficient energy system using solar panels, wind turbines and bio-fuels.
PlanIT Valley, Portugal (150,000 people): This ambitious city development in northern Portugal is anticipated to be ready by 2015. The city will focus on advanced ICT infrastructure.
Way Forward R
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The inspiration from the trends that exist in cities today are indicative that the cities of the future will have:
Green Buildings
District Heating systems
Community transportation systems
Electric Vehicles
Smart grids with integration of renewables
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Policy Landscape
Targets and policies existing at state, provincial and local levels are the drivers of a sustainable future vision.
Targets representing commitment to renewable energy:
Shares of electricity – Eg: Sydney, Australia: 25% by 2020
Total primary energy- Eg: San Francisco, USA: 100% by 2020
Installed Capacity – Eg: Shanghai, China: 300MW of wind and 10MW of Solar PV by 2014
Fuel Mandates-Eg: Stockholm, Sweden: 100% public transport buses to run on ethanol and biogas
Investment- Eg: Toronto, Canada: CAD20 million Green Energy Fund to support renewable energy investments
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Coming soon...
Launch together with Global Trends in RE investment on 11 June 2012
REN21 Renewables 2012 Global Status Report and Global Futures Report
Launch at the Abu Dhabi International Renewable Energy Conference ADIREC in January 2013
www.ren21.net