próxima generación de imagen, grabación y voz en cabina
TRANSCRIPT
1 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Defense Solutions Division
Horizon Technologies Seminar
Next Generation Cockpit
Image Voice & Data Recording
Paul Hart
Chief Technology Officer, Avionics & Electronics
2 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Contents History of Flight Recording – overview
Anatomy of a Flight Recorder
– Electronics - Solid-State Memory – Crash Protection – Fire Insulation – Ultrasonic Locator Beacon
Deployable Recorders
What’s recorded:
– CVR - Cockpit Voice Recorder
– FDR - Flight Data Recorder
– AIR - Airborne Image Recorder
– CPDLC - Controller Pilot Data Link Communications
What are the rules? Industry Standards, ED112A MOPS & EASA/FAA Regulations
– ICAO Classes of Recorder
– EASA/FAA TSOs
– ARINC 747/757/767
– RTCA DO-254 / DO-178 / DO-160G
Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
EASA Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) / FAA Flight Operations Quality Assurance (FOQA) / (FDAP)
Flight Data Streaming
3 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
58 Year Track Record in Flight Recording
Full Product Range for Civil & Military Aircraft, Fixed & Rotary-Wing
Voice
Flight Data
Video/Image
Datalink
1957 2015
First magnetic crash recorder in service Fortress - 3rd Generation Solid-State Recorder
4 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Munich Air Disaster 6th February 1958
5 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
58 Year Track Record in Flight Recording
Full Product Range for Civil & Military Aircraft, Fixed & Rotary-Wing
Voice
Flight Data
Video/Image
Datalink
1957 2015
First magnetic crash recorder in service Fortress - 3rd Generation Solid-State Recorder
6 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
CSMU – Crash Survivable Memory Module
Memory capacity: up to 96GB (12x8GB devices)
Dimensions: L102xW80.5xH102 mm
Weight: 2.4lbs / 1.1kg maximum
Memory Devices
Thermal Insulation Layers
Titanium Housing
7 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Crash Survivability Requirements
Fire (High Intensity) - 1100°C for 60 minutes
Fire (Low Intensity) - 260°C for 10 hours
8 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Horizontal Stabilizer Trim Tank
CVR
FDR
9 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Air Inter 148 CFIT 28th January 1992
10 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
ULB- Ultrasonic Locator Beacon
Ultrasonic Locator Beacon 37.5 kHz ± 1 kHz
1060 dynes/cm2rms pressure @ 1 meter
90 day battery life (TSOs for new build 30 day battery withdrawn by EASA & FAA)
11 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Fortress Recorder: Voice Data Video Datalink
System PEC – electronic provisions for: ARINC 757 – conventional ARINC 717 FDR, 4 channel analog audio CVR
ARINC 767 – Flight Critical Ethernet/ARINC 664 Part 7
Ethernet – 100/1000 Base-T UDP & TCP/IP
Connector PEC - adapted for host aircraft Electrical connector for conventional ARINC 757
Large pinout population connector for Data Acquisition variants
Fibre-optic for ARINC664P7
Tri-Axial connectors for MIL-STD-1553B (transformer coupled)
CSMU – Crash Survivable Memory Unit Can be supplied as stand-alone product to integrators
Up to 96GB crash protected memory
Gigabit Ethernet download
Expansion Ports - SDBI Dual SDBI Ports (Standard Data Board Interface)
Enable expansion cards to be fitted either side of CSMU
Data Acquisition Card
MIL-STD-1553B Card
Recorder Encryption Module
Ultrasonic Locator Beacon Meets latest EASA/FAA Regulations
90 day battery life
Extended pulse and increased repetition rate
Power Supply 28V DC and 115v 200-800Hz “wild frequency” ac
Meets stringent level 3 EMC categories for composite aircraft
Processor and RTOS Freescale P1016 clocked @533MHz
Windriver VXWorks 6.9 with Curtiss-Wright BSP
12 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Fortress – DO-160G Environmental Qualification & EMC DO-160G Environmental Condition
Category Means of Compliance Section Description
4.0 Temperature and Altitude A1 Test
5.0 Temperature Variation C Test
6.0 Humidity A Test
7.0 Operation shocks and Crash safety B
Test
8.0 Vibration R(C,C1) Test
9.0 Explosion Proofness E Test
10.0 Waterproofness W Test
11.0 Fluids Susceptibility F Test
12.0 Sand and Dust D Test
13.0 Fungus Resistance F Analysis
14.0 Salt Spray X N/A
15.0 Magnetic Effect A Test
16.0 Power Input Z(XX) Test
17.0 Voltage Spike A Test
18.0 Audio Frequency Conducted Susceptibility —
Power Input R
Test
19.0 Induced signal susceptibility CWX
Test
20.0 Radio Frequency susceptibility RR
Test
21.0 Emission of Radio Frequency Energy M
Test
22.0 Lightning induced transient susceptibility A3J3L3
Test
23.0 Lightning Direct Effects X N/A
24.0 Icing X N/A
25.0 Electrostatic Discharge A Test
26.0 Fire, Flammability C Analysis
13 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
EUROCAE ED112A Crash Survivability Requirements
Fire (High Intensity) - 1100°C for 60 minutes
Fire (Low Intensity) - 260°C for 10 hours
Impact Shock - 3,400G for 6.5 ms
Static Crush – 22,250N (5,000lb) for 5 minutes /axis
Fluid Immersion - Immersion in aircraft fluids 24hr
Water Immersion - 30 day sea water
Penetration Resistance – 227kg (500 lb.) Dropped from 3m (10 ft.) with a
6.35mm (¼-inch) diameter contact point
Hydrostatic Pressure - Pressure equivalent to depth of 6,000m (20,000 ft.)
14 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Fortress – Technical Summary Key Features Lightweight: 5.7lb / 2.6kg (max)
Small Form Factor: 237Lx113Wx106H mm. No rack needed – direct airframe mounting
Available as a Cockpit Voice (CVR), Flight Data (FDR) or Combined Voice and Flight Data
Recorder (CVFDR) including Datalink (CPDLC recording)
Image recording option via Ethernet Camera and/or external MFD video multiplexer
Gigabit download port for Flight Data Monitoring/FOQA applications
FDR Flight Data Recorder ARINC747-3 and ARINC767 compliant
25 hours @64-2048wps
Data format meets ARINC717-15, Ethernet (100BaseT/GbE) and ARINC664P7
CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder ARINC757A and ARINC757-5 compliant
CVR inputs: analog audio or digital CAM
30 minute/1/2/10/15/25 hour recording durations
All 6 ED112A classes supported + EASA opinion 01/2014 for 25 hour CVR duration
DLR Datalink Recorder ARINC 429 CPDLC Input
30 minute/1/2/10/15/25 hour duration (as per CVR)
TSO Certification Will be certified to EASA & FAA TSOs (Nov-16)
TSO-c123B Cockpit Voice Recorder
TSO-c124B Flight Data Recorder
TSO-c121B Ultrasonic Locator Beacon (90-day)
TSO-c176 Image Recording
TSO-c177 Datalink recording
15 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Deployable Recorders
COSPAS-SARSAT Satellite: 121.5MHz / 243MHz / 406MHz
Deployable aerofoil
conformal with
fuselage
Crash detection using
frangible switches and/or
detection wire
Pyrotechnic release
mechanism
16 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)
Audio System Captain Microphone/Headset
First Officer Microphone/Headset
Area Microphone
3rd Crew Member Microphone/Headset
Today – analog audio
Tomorrow
VoIP using ARINC 664pt7 AFDX
Digitised Audio using AES3 (Audio Engineering Society)
ED112A specifies
6x CVR Classes 30 min
1 hour
2 hours – current mandate for Pt121
10 hours
15 hours increasing to 20 – EASA Notice of
Proposed Amendment
25 hours
Cockpit Voice Recorder - CVR
17 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Fortress – Cockpit Voice Recording features
CAM Audio
Test/Erase
Cockpit Area Microphone (CAM) 150Hz – 6kHz (Analog / VoIP / AES3 Encoded)
Control Unit CVFDR TEST
CVR ERASE
CAM Pre-Amplifier/Digitizer
CVR Audio (Analog / VoIP / AES3 Encoded)
28V DC
Aircraft Power
ARINC 624 Onboard Maintenance System
1GbEthernet Download
Co-
Pilot Pilot
BITE Status
3rd
Crew
Member
Recorder Control Discrete
Optional RIPS (Recorder Independent Power Supply)
18 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Data Recorder
FDR capacity
25 hours
Engine Parameters N1, N2
EGT °C
Engine Warnings
Thrust Reverser Position
Air Data / Attitude Pressure Altitude
Indicated Airspeed
RadAlt
Roll/Pitch/Yaw
Heading
OAT/TAT
Control Surface Positions
Cockpit Input Forces (Para 88)
Autopilot/Flight Director MCP/FCC Modes
Engagement Status
AFCS Modes
Navigation Lat/Long
ILS Localiser/ Glideslope
Marker Beacon
ARINC 429
Analog
CSDB
ASCB
Discretes
ARINC 573/717
64–512 w/s
Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit (DFDAU)
19 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Data Acquisition – ED112A Dataframe
20 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Data Acquisition – ED112A Dataframe
21 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Data Acquisition – ED112A Dataframe
22 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Data Acquisition – ED112A Dataframe
23 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Data Acquisition – ED112A Dataframe
24 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Data Acquisition – ED112A Dataframe
25 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Airborne Image Recording
Zone masking to remove pilots from the image
26 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
CPDLC – Controller Pilot DataLink Communication
NextGen & SESAR Single European Sky ATM Research
- Major redesign of the Air Traffic System in North America & Europe
- Joint FAA, EASA program. Implementation already underway, full capability by 2020
- Core principle is to migrate from indirect air corridors and turning points to 4D Trajectory Management – position airplanes in the
sky at the right height, latitude, longitude and time (fly direct from A to B, no time in the holding pattern)
- Key objectives –
1. Enable the Air Traffic System to handle 3 times more traffic
2. Improve safety by a factor of 10
3. Reduce environmental impact per flight by 10%
4. Cut Air Traffic Management costs by 50%
27 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Irkut MC-21 Flight Data Management and Recording System
EFDMU Enhanced Flight Data Management Unit
Cockpit Area Microphones (x2)
100Hz-6kHz
Cockpit Camera 1080p Full HD
Zone Masking (Pilots Union requirement)
Recorded @4fps (ED112a requirement)
Wireless Datalink Modem/Router+2.4/5GHz Antenna
WiFi 2.4/5GHz
UMTS/3G/4G Cellular
Control Unit
Tri-Axial
Accelerometer
Fortress Recorders (x2) Cockpit Voice Recorder Flight Data Recorder Datalink Video Image
28 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Regulations & Industry Standards
EUROCAE, Paris European Organisation for Civil
Aviation Equipment
FDR Working Group
ARINC/SAE
Annapolis MD, USA AEEC Committee
MOPS ED-112A Minimum
Operational Performance
Specification
ARINC Standards
ARINC 757 Analog CVR
ARINC717 FDR
ARINC767 AFDX / ARINC664 Pt7
RTCA
Washington DC
RTCA Standards
DO-160G Environmental Qualification/EMC
DO-254 Complex Hardware
DO-178C Software Certification
29 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Regulations & Industry Standards
EUROCAE, Paris European Organisation for Civil
Aviation Equipment
FDR Working Group
MOPS ED-112A Minimum
Operational Performance
Specification
EASA (ETSO) and FAA TSOs (Technical Standards Orders)
TSO-C123B Cockpit Voice Recorder
TSO-C124B Flight Data Recorder
TSO-C121B Ultrasonic Locator Beacon
TSO-C155A Recorder Interruptible Power Supply
TSO-C176 Image Recording
TSO-C177 Datalink recording
30 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Recorders - EASA/FAA legislation
Note:
CVR = TSO-C123a
FDR = TSO-C124a
Seats= passenger seats
Operating Regulations
Part 91 Part 121 Part 125 Part 129 Part 133 Part 135
General Operating and Flight
Rules. All craft except Ultralight
Operating Requirements:
Domestic, Flag, and
Supplemental
Certification + Operations:
20+ seats or TOW
>2730kg
Foreign Air Carriers +
Ops. Of U.S.-Reg.
Craft Engaged In
Common carriage
Rotorcraft External-
Load Operations
Operating Requirements:
Commuter And On Demand
Operations
Air
wo
rth
ines
s S
tan
dar
ds P
art
23
Normal, Utility, Acrobatic
and Commuter Airplanes
Normal, Utility, Acrobatic (NUA)
< 9 seats + TOW<5700kg > 6 passenger seats= 2h CVR
Turbine engine craft 2h
CVR; > 25,000ft 25h FDR
NA
As part 121, 125 or
135. NA
> 6 seats= 2h CVR
Commuter: < 19 seats, TOW
<8600kg As above; > 10 seats = 25h
FDR
>6,000lb, 25h FDR; 2h
CVR
> 10 seats= FDR
> 6 seats= 2h CVR
Par
t 25
Transport Category
Airplanes Not classified NUA.
Par
t 27
Normal Category Rotorcraft < 9 passenger seats and
TOW<3180kg > 6 seats = 2h CVR.
NA NA FDR and CVR regs
match part 135 NA
> 6 seats= 2h CVR
Par
t 29
Transport Category
Rotorcraft
Category A: >10 seats or
TOW>9090kg
> 10 seats, 25h FDR
> 6 seats = 2h CVR > 10 seats, 25h FDR
> 6 seats= 2h CVR
Category B: < 9 seats +
TOW<9090kg > 6 seats = 2h CVR
6 seats= 2h CVR
31 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Flight Recorders - EASA/FAA legislation and Minimal Military Requirement
General Aviation Executive Jets Helicopters <2,730kg Helicopters >2,730kg Turboprops Regional Jets Narrowbody Jets Widebody Jets
Unmanned Air Vehicles
Military Trainers
Military Fast Jet
Military Small Helicopters
Military Large Helicopters
Military Transport/ Tanker/MPA
CVR > 6 pax seats
ICMS (Part 135 only)
CVFDR
FDR 25 hours CVR 4x2 hours
CVR >6 pax seats <10
Future generation aircraft :FDR 25 hours CVR 20 hour (EASA NPA)
CPDLC 20 hours AIR Airborne Image Recording 2 hours @4fps
FDR 25 hours CVR 4x2
hours
CVFDR
Encrypted CVFDR
CSMU w/1553B Encrypted FDR
CVFDR
Encrypted CVFDR
32 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Instructions for Continued Airworthiness
Manufacturers Scheduled Maintenance: RIPS Battery Inspection
6 year Ultrasonic Beacon battery replacement
Regulatory Requirements: Annual FDR serviceability report
The aircraft operator is responsible for ensuring that all mandatory parameters from a “Representative
Flight” are producing a valid data recording. CAA stipulates this in CAP731 (ref Chapter 7)
http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP731.PDF. Most airlines contract this work out to 3rd parties and send
either a raw data file downloaded from the FDR or the FDR itself. The readout service provider will
then convert the data into Engineering Units (they will need the Data Frame Layout) and produce a
checklist report – that shows parameters are serviceable or “flatliners”. The readout provider will then
issue – assuming the parameters are serviceable – an EASA Form 1 with the Box 12 Status/Work
marked as “Inspected”
33 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
EASA Flight Data Monitoring
Flight Operational Trends approaching limits of Safe Flight Envelope
Rushed approaches, late configuration changes, over-rotations
http://www.foqa.com/foqa-guide/what-is-foqa/
http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/EAFDM_GoodPractice_FDMOversight_v1.pdf
AMM Exceedences/Abnnormal Parameter Shifts
FDR/QAR data processing and analysis identify an Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) exceedence
that would trigger a maintenance inspection to take place.
Examples would be - hard landings, use of flaps above a certain airpeed, engine overtemp.
http://easa.europa.eu/system/files/dfu/safety-and-research-docs-eafdm-EAFDM---Developing-
standardised-FDM-based-indicators.pdf (see page 14 for definition of “Exceedence Detection”)
34 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Replay & Analysis – FOQA/FDM/FDAP
Gigabit Ethernet port
ARINC 647 FRED File
35 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Replay & Analysis- Professional Ground Station (PGS)
3D Animation module
Aircraft modelling and livery
detailing
Cockpit Instrument design and modelling
36 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Internet
Airline Operations ControlEnroute ATC Center Airline Maintenance Control Engine Maintenance/ECTM Fuel, Weather, Flight Data Analysis
Iridium Ground Earth Station
EMERGENCY
Flight Data Streaming
FORTRESS 1 EFDMU FORTRESS 2
Cockpit Video & Flight Data Parameters
Voice / Flight / Datalink / Video Voice / Flight / Datalink / Video
AFIRS
Iridium
Antenna
Automatic Flight Information Reporting System
Triggered Data Streaming
37 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Encrypted Recording 256AES “on-the-fly”
AES-256
Audio / Data
In
Audio / Data
Out
(CSMU)
Data Path
Red Data
Black Data
On-Board RN
Source
AES Key
Generator
RSA
AES Key
(CSMU)
Key Path
Red AES Key
Red AES Key
Red Random
Data
Black AES
Key
Public Key
Curtiss-Wright IP = Value Propositions to Customers Uses “Asymmetric” cryptographic algorithm - computationally light for
writing, computationally heavy for replay
= Minimized cost of airborne equipment
Random number generator creates Public key internally. Dispenses
with the need for authorization tokens issued to pilots and controlled
by custodian ground staff
= Significantly reduces logistics costs
38 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Product Spinoff – In-Line Datalink Encryptor?
39 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Fortress 6x6 – 6 Versions for 6 Markets – based on 1 core product
Fortress – CSMU Crash Survivable Memory Unit
Up to 96GB SLC storage
Serial databus connection
Integrated into Mission System
Fortress – ARINC757 Standard CVR/FDR/Datalink/CVFDR
Part 91 Executive Jets
Part 121/135 Airliners/Regional
Fortress – ARINC767 ARINC664P7 Flight Critical Ethernet
Latest generation airliners
Latest generation large helicopters
Fortress – DAFR Data Acquisition & Flight Recorder
Helicopters (civil/mil)
Light Trainer Turboprops (mil)
Integrated HUMS option
Fortress – MIL MIL-STD-1553 Data Bus
Encryption options
Military Programs
Combat SAR, Fast Jet
Fortress – Ethernet 100BASE-TX UDP, 1588PTP
Lightweight Airliner solution (non-ARINC664P7)
40 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Fortress 6x6 – 6 Versions for 6 Markets – based on 1 core product
Fortress – CSMU Crash Survivable Memory Unit
Up to 96GB SLC storage
Serial databus connection
Integrated into Mission System
Fortress – ARINC757 Standard CVR/FDR/Datalink/CVFDR
Part 91 Executive Jets
Part 121/135 Airliners/Regional
Fortress – ARINC767 ARINC664P7 Flight Critical Ethernet
Latest generation airliners
Latest generation large helicopters
Fortress – DAFR Data Acquisition & Flight Recorder
Helicopters (civil/mil)
Light Trainer Turboprops (mil)
Integrated HUMS option
Fortress – MIL MIL-STD-1553 Data Bus
Encryption options
Military Programs
Combat SAR, Fast Jet
Fortress – Ethernet 100BASE-TX UDP, 1588PTP
Lightweight Airliner solution (non-ARINC664P7)
41 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Fortress – Key Features
Features Benefits
Installed weight approx 2.4kg less than lightest
competitor
Approx $600/year fuel saving cost
(based on $60/kg on 150-seat class airliner)
Integrated Data Acquisition Further weight/space savings on light helicopters and turboprop trainers
Dual-redundant CVR/FDR architecture Reduces risk of aircraft being grounded (48 hours MEL limit) if one of the
recording functions failed downroute
CVR/FDR part number commonality Half the spares inventory cost compared with dissimilar CVR & FDR
Automated CVR test features Reduced crew workload during aircraft start-up
Gigabit Ethernet port Allows connection to AFIRS / SATCOM flight tracking. Fast retrieval of flight
recorded data via USB3 media or wireless datalink for FOQA/FDM
Built-in Web Server Does not require expensive proprietary ground support equipment. Regular
laptop/PC used for data download, BITE status.
Enhanced EMC/Lightning protection
(RTCA/DO-160G Section 22, Level 3)
High reliability – especially on composite aircraft
42 | June 22, 2015 | Proprietary | © 2015 Curtiss-Wright
Defense Solutions Division
Thank You !
Q&A Paul Hart
CTO Curtiss-wright Avionics & Electronics