protists eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

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Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

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Page 1: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Protists

Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Page 2: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Generalizations

Most unicellular

Organelles that are similar to eukaryote animals

None have embryonic tissue layers as in animals

Page 3: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Classification of Protista:

Excavata Diplomonadida = Giardia Kinetoplastida = trypanosomes Euglenida = Euglena

Alveolata & Chromista Ciliophora = ciliates Apicomplexa = gregarines, coccidians Dinoflagellata = flagellates Opalinida = Opalina

Page 4: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Classification of Protista:

Rhizaria Rhizopoda = amoebas Actinopoda = radiolarians

Amoebozoa Lobosea = amoebas

Opisthokonta Chlorophyta = Volvox

Page 5: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Support and Locomotion

Plasma membrane Many have thickening = pellicle Or a test

Pseudopodia, cilia, flagella

Page 6: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Nutrition

Autotrophs = ? Heterotrophs = ? Or both

Saprobic = take in dissolved stuff Holozoic = solid foods (food vacuole)

Page 7: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Reproduction

Asexual and sexual

Complex = parasites

Binary fission

Page 8: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Budding

Yeast

Page 9: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Sexual repro

Production of gametes and then fusion = syngamy

Isogamy = same size gametes Anisogamy = one larger

Or conjugation

Page 10: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Phylum Euglenida

Mostly freshwater, few marine, brackish

Usually in habitat w/decaying organic matter

Page 11: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Support

Pellicle = protein under cell membrane Stripes are seams in protein strips Flexible

Page 12: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Locomotion by flagella

Two flagella, one usually shorter

Page 13: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Nutrition

1/3 have chloroplasts Positive phototaxis Photoreceptor near base of anterior flagellum

Page 14: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

2/3 euglenids w/o chloroplasts = heterotrophs = phagocytosis Others can lose chloroplasts and switch

Few parasitic forms

Saprotrophic = take in dissolved nutrients

Page 15: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Euglenid reproduction

Asexual by longitudinal cell division

Page 16: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Euglenida examples you need to know:

Euglena

Perinema

Page 17: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Other Euglenida?

Phacus

Page 18: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

+ Astasia

Other Euglenida?

Page 19: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Phylum Kinetoplastida

Trypanosomes, etc. ~ 600 species described Some free-living

Trypanosomes strictly parasitic Digestive tracts of invert’s, phloem of plants,

blood of vert’s

Page 20: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Trypanosoma cruzi life cycle: Chagas’

Page 21: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Reduviid = assasin bug

Page 22: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Other parasitic forms Leishmania: transmitted by sandflies Causes skin and mucous membrane

infections in humans

T. gambiense, others = sleeping sickness Tse-tse fly is intermediate host Tryps get into blood, then lymphatics and CS

fluid

Page 23: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Support, locomotion

Pellicle, glycoprotein protects outside

Flagella: single, against side of cell

nucleus

kinetoplastkinetosome

Page 24: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Nutrition

Mostly unknown in parasitic forms

Free-living spp. are heterotrophic; capture bacteria with flagellum

Page 25: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Reproduction

Asexual by longitudinal binary fission, budding

Complex life cycles

Page 26: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Kinetoplastida you need to know!

Leishmania

Page 27: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Infection occurs when infected sandfly regurgitates infective promastigotes into the blood while feeding.

The promastigotes are phagocytized by macrophages and transform into amastigotes.

The amastigotes multiply by binary fission in the macrophages.

The life cycle is continued when a sandfly feeds on an infected person and ingests the amastigotes in the macrophages.

Page 28: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Leishmania

Amastigotes in blood

Page 29: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Amastigotes in liver cells

Leishmania

Page 30: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Trypanosoma lewisi

Trypomastigote in vert. blood (infective form)

Page 31: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Phylum Ciliophora ~ 12,000 described species

Common in benthic, planktonic communities

Freshwater, marine, brackish

Most are single celled

Page 32: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Mutualistic symbionts

E.g., in goats, sheep Feed on plant material

Some are parasites in fish gut, one in human gut

Page 33: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Support, locomotion

Alveolar membrane system Underlying fibrous layer = epiplasm

Cilia in rows; used in taxonomy More flexible for locomotion than flagella Beat in cone

Page 34: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Ciliophora you need to know: Didinium

Page 35: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Ciliophora Paramecium, Vorticella

Page 36: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Ciliophora Euplotes

Page 37: Protists Eukaryotes w/o tissue level of organization as in animals, plants, and fungi

Ciliophora Spirostomum