protista lab intro. protist habitats are also diverse in habitat and including freshwater and marine...
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Protista
Lab intro
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• Protist habitats are also diverse in habitat• And including freshwater and marine species
Figure 28.2a–d
100 m
100 m
4 cm
500 m
The freshwater ciliate Stentor, a unicellular protozoan (LM)
Ceratium tripos, a unicellular marine dinoflagellate (LM)
Delesseria sanguinea, a multicellular marine red alga
Spirogyra, a filamentous freshwater green alga (inset LM)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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Kindom Protista
• Evolved from the Archae approx. 1.5 billion years ago
• Polyphyletic group- protists arose by way of more than one ancestral group
• Represents separate evolutionary lineages• Plant like b/c autotrophic (produce their own
food)• Animal-Like b/c they are heterotrophic (feed
upon other organisms)
Monday you will study three phyla and animal like protists.
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Animal-Like Protists
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Fig. 8.2
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Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa
Unicellular and Colonial Eukaryotes
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Fig. 8.3
W. D. Russell-Hunter, A Life of Invertebrates, © 1979.
Protozoan Protist
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Fig. 8.4
Asexual Reproduction in Protozoa
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Study representatives of the following three Protista
phyla:1) Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum Mastigophora
Subphylum Sarcodina
2) Phylum Apicomplexa
3) Phylum Ciliophora
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Phylum Sarcomastigophora
• Chars: Flagella, pseudopodia, or both; single type of nucleus; no spores formed.
• Subphylum Masigophora– Chars: One or more Falgella– Autotrophic (cl. Phytomastigophora)– Heterotrophic (cl. Zoomastigophora) or both;– Reproduction usually by fission
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Fig. 8.7
Structure of Euglena
Subphylum Mastigophora
(cl. Phytomastigophora)
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• Freshwater phytomastigophoran
• Ponds and slow moving streams
• Study live protozoans using methylcellulose
• Observe Flagella using iodine potassium idide (IKI)
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Other Mastigophora
• Zoomastigophora- Trypanosoma, Trichonympha, and Trichomonas
• Trichonympha- Mastigophora Symbionts- Termite gut
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Fig. 8.9
Life Cycle of Trypanosoma Brucei
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Phytomstigophoran- Volvox
• shows colonial organization. Concave slide Culture Medium, cover slide no air pockets
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Fig. 8.8
Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate
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Subphylum Sarcodina
• Chars: Pseudopodia, Flagella occasionally present (in developmental stages. The Amoebas
• Ameobas- common freshwater protist
• Lives on the bottom of ponds
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Fig. 8.10
Variations in Pseudopodia
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Fig. 8.11b
Subphylum Sarcodina: Superclass Rhizopoda, Class Lobosea
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Other Sarcodina-“Not naked” sarcodines
• Arcella, Difflugia, and Actinospaerium and marine radiolarians and foraminifera form test.
• Test can be formed from sand grains, calcium carbonate and silica
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Fig. 8.12
Freshwater Amoeba (Difflugia Oblongata)
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Phylum Apicomplexa
• Chars: All parasites
• Apical complex used for penetrating host cells
• Lack cilia and flagella, except in certain reproductive stages
• Coccidians or apicomplexans are named based upon the presence of apical complex
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Most important Coccidians are members of the class
Sporozoea• Chars: intracellular parasites of animals• Form spores or oocysts following sexual
reproduction• Complex life cycle that involve both
vertebrate and invertebrate hosts
• Example- Plasmodium the sporozoan that causes malaria.
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Fig. 8.15
Life Cycle of Plasmodium
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Fig. 8.16
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Microsporean Nosema Bombicus
Theodore Jahn, et al., How to Know the Protozoa, 3rd ed., New York, The McGraw-Hill Companies.
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Phylum Ciliophora
• Chars: Cilia, macronuclei, and micronuclei usually present
• Ciliates are the largest most complex and diverse group of the protozoans
• Nearly occupy all aquatic habitats• Some are symbiotic• Reproduction can be asexual through
fission or sexual through conjugation
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Fig. 8.17b
Ciliate (Paramecium)
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Fig. 8.21
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Conjugation in Paramecium
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Example of a Ciliophora: Paramecium
• Common freshwater ciliate
• Observe live sample using methylcellulose solution
• Other Ciliophora: Colpidium, Vorticella and Stentor
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Fig. 8.22
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Cladogram of Protozoa Relationships
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The End