protest communication in twitter: an emergent norm perspective
DESCRIPTION
Revisit Emergent Norm Theory to Twitter context with a case study on Jan 25 Protest in EgyptTRANSCRIPT
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Theorizing Protest Communication in Twitter: An Emergent Norm Perspective
[A Case of the Jan. 25th Egypt Protest]
K. Hazel Kwon, PhD. Arizona State Univ.
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This Presentation Aims… • To provide theory-driven analytic frameworks to
understand the flow of protest communication in social media
• Protest as a type of crisis. • To apply the frameworks to the context of Jan 25
protest.
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Emergent Norm Theory
• ENT: Turner & Killian (1957; 1987) • Fundamental emphasis on the rapid,
transformative potential of words-of-mouth into collective behaviors
• Process of diffusion of collective identity • A “Forgotten” characteristic = protests as
collective behaviors (as opposed to actions)
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Emergent Norm Theory
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Emergent Norm Theory
• Informal, improvised social interactions with uncertainty as such as seeking and exchanging of situational information.
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Emergent Norm Theory
• Informal, improvised social interactions with uncertainty as such as seeking and exchanging of situational information.
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Emergent Norm Theory
• Informal, improvised social interactions with uncertainty as such as seeking and exchanging of situational information.
• Collective definition of situations & problems, development of a sense of collectivity • “Emergent norms”(common vocabs, symbols, imageries)
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Emergent Norm Theory
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Emergent Norm Theory
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Emergent Norm Theory
• “Diffuse Crowd” (p.114) Ø A special type of crowds Ø On one hand, the potential “recruits” are the
members of the physical, local communities where interpersonal contacts take place; On the other hand, the electronic communication bridges geographically separated communities and helps shape collective identity among dispersed citizens
Ø The role of mass communication
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Limitations, though.
• Too much emphasis on nonverbal and physical interactions during milling
• Information verification implied as if an auxiliary product from milling
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Theory Refinement for Operationalization
• Improvisation (Milling) : A firsthand statement without presenting supporting materials created by others. (1) situational knowledge (2) tactical/skill knowledge sharing (3) interpersonal conversations
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Theory Refinement for Operationalization
• Verification : provision of credible (or seeming credible) information : provision of evidence or in-depth discussions by hyperlinking to resources
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Theory Refinement for Operationalization
• Keynoting : Emotive expressions of movement-supportive identities (a) a sense of belonging to protest or support communities (b) highlighting the goal of the protests (c) victory wishes
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Possible Empirical Questions
1. Can we distinguish different types of message flows temporally?
2. Any geographical patterns? 3. Different role takers emerged?
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“Jan25” as a Pilot Exploration
• Procedure: (1) real time collection btw Jan25-‐Fe17, (2) back-‐tracking based on user ID for earlier tweets, and (3) cleaning out irrelevant data
• Jan23-‐25: N = 4,431 English (81.6%) and Arabic (11.7%) tweets
• 2, 925 tweets associated with location info. • kappa alpha = .734, p < .001
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Temporal Pattern? Friedman’s non-parametric test: 3 stages identified
0
100
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st1 st2 st3
Improvisa4on Verifica4on Keyno4ng
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Improvisation Verification Keynoting Compared st1 vs. st2 st1 vs. st3 st2 vs. st1 st2 vs. st3 st3 vs. st2 st3 vs. st1
FRQ difference
-67 -88 80 -73 94 81
N 1368 1368 1368 1370 1368 1370 X2 6.04 10.88 9.48 7.66 14.13 19.39 Sig. .014* .001** .002** .006** .000*** .000*** Note. FRQ difference: - value = the earlier stage shows more frq than later stage; + value = the later stage shows more frq than eariler stage.
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Geographic Patterns of IVK ?
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100
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Improvisation Verification Solidification
Egypt Pan-Arab Non-Arab
Significantly different between the same colors at p < .001
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Emergent Roles?
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Discussions to be continued…
• IVK as a global process for the emergence of conscience community
• Possibility of applying the IVK model to analyze communication processes in various crisis contexts ?
• How accurate/valid the temporal pattern might be? Is the temporal difference a coincident result from period selections?
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Thank you!