Proteins

IB BiologyTopic 3

Deduce the name of each molecule WITHOUT your notes

Ribose

Maltose

Starch Glucose

Proteins

• Proteins are composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. However, some contain sulphur.

• They are all composed of structural monomers called amino acids.

• Their differences from organism to organism is due to differences in the DNA which contains the instructions for their formation.

• Eg. Eye color, Blood type

Protein Functions• Structure: Building structural components of organisms (collagen, elastin, keratin, microtubules, microfilaments)

• Regulation of metabolic processes: Hormones (insulin)

• Carrying out of metabolic processes: Enzymes

• Membrane component: Carrier proteins, Protein pumps, Transport of materials through membrane phospholipid layers

• Self and non-self recognition: Major histocompatibility complexes (Tissue rejection, immune responses).

• Membrane receptors: Hormone receptors and neurotransmitter receptors.

Amino Acids: Structural Monomers• Amino acids derive their name due

to the presence of an amine group and a carboxylic group as part of their composition.

• They have a central carbon with the amine group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and a variable group (R group) attached to it.

• The variable group is what is different from amino acid to amino acid and it is what give the amino acid its identity.

• There are twenty different variable groups, therefore there are twenty different amino acids.

Amino Acid Variety

http://www2.nl.edu/jste/proteins.htm

http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/aminocon.html