proteins digestion and absorption. proteins hcl pepsin exopeptidases enterokinase bicarbonate...
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![Page 1: Proteins Digestion and absorption. Proteins HCl pepsin Exopeptidases Enterokinase Bicarbonate Pancreatic proteases](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022102907/56649db15503460f94a9fa9b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Proteins
Proteins
Digestion and absorption
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Proteins
HClpepsin
Exopeptidases Enterokinase
Bicarbonate Pancreatic proteases
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Proteins
Active enzyme
Synthesized as zymogens(proenzymes)
Proteolytic enzymes
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Proteins
Proteolytic enzymes
Exopeptidases • Polypeptidases
– Aminopeptidases– carboxypeptidases
• Tripeptidases• Dipeptidases
Endopeptidases
• Pepsin• Trypsin• Chymotrysin• Elastase
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Proteins
Stomach
Pepsinogen
Pepsin
H+
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Proteins
Exocrine pancreas
CCK
Zymogens
Secretin
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Proteins
Activation of pancreatic zymogens
Trypsinogen
Trypsin
Chymotrypsinogen chymotrypsin
Proelastase Elastase
Procarboxypeptidase Carboxypeptidase
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ProteinsProteins
Trypsin
• Ariginine• Lysine
Dr Fatahiya Kashif
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ProteinsProteins
Chymotrypsin
• Acidic • Hydrophobic
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ProteinsProteins
Elastase
• Alanine • Glycine • Serine
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ProteinsProteins
Carboxypeptidase
• Hydrophobic • Basic
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ProteinsProteins
Intestinal enzymes
• Exopeptidases – Brush border – Within the cell
• Enterokinase
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Proteins
Aminopeptidase
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ProteinsProteins
• …AND ALLAH DOTH INCREASE IN GUIDANCE THOSE WHO SEEK GUIDANCE; AND THE THINGS THAT ENDURE, GOOD DEEDS, ARE BEST IN THE SIGHT OF THY LORD, AS REWARDS, AND THE BEST IN RESPECT OF EVENTUAL RETURNS.
76-MARYAM; AL-QURAN
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Proteins
Absorption of amino acids
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ProteinsProteins
Transport systems
• Free amino acids– Sodium linked secondary transport
• Di and tri peptides– H+ linked transport system
• Portal vein– Liver– General circulation
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Proteins
Na+3Na+
2K+
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Proteins
Na+
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Proteins
Na+
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Proteins
Na+
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Proteins
Na+
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Proteins
Na+
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Proteins
Gamma glutamyl cycle
Glu Cys Gly Glu
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Proteins
Gamma glutamyl cycle
Cys
Gly
Glu 5-oxoproline
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Proteins
Gamma glutamyl cycle
Cys
Gly
5-oxoproline
ATPADP
Glu
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Proteins
Gamma glutamyl cycle
Cys
Gly
ATPADP
Glu
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Proteins
Gamma glutamyl cycle
Gly
ATPADP
Glu Cys
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Proteins
Gamma glutamyl cycle
Glu Cys Gly
Cys Gly Glu
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Proteins
GLUTATHIONE
GSH GSH GSSG
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Proteins
Digestion and absorption of proteins
Disorders
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ProteinsProteins
Disorders
• Cystic fibrosis
• Cystinuria
• Hartnup disease
• Kwashiorkor
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Proteins
Cystic Fibrosis
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ProteinsProteins
Cystic Fibrosis
• Defect in function of chloride channels in pancreatic secretory ducts
• Inspissation of pancreatic exocrine secretions• Eventual obstruction of ducts
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ProteinsProteins
Cystic Fibrosis
• Recurrent infections
• Poor growth
• Foul smelling bulky stools
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ProteinsProteins
Cystic Fibrosis
• Commercial enzyme preparations
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ProteinsProteins
Hartnup disease
• Autosomal recessive disorder
• Transport of neutral aminoacids across both intestinal and renal epithilial cells
Dr Fatahiya Kashif
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Proteins
Hartnup disease
Essential • Isoleucine• Leucine• Phenylanaline• Threonine • Tryptophan• Valine
Nonessential • Alanine • Serine• Tyrosine
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ProteinsProteins
Hartnup disease
C/F• Asymptomatic• Pallegra like symptoms• Neuropsychiatric
Treatment• Niacin
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ProteinsProteins
Cystinuria
Defect in absorption of• Cystine• Ornithine• Arginine• LysineC/F• Appearance of these amino acids in urine• Cystine stones Treatment • Oral hydration
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ProteinsProteins
Kwashiorkor
• Deficiency of protein in diet which is adequate in calories
C/F• Muscle wasting• Edema