NEW ROLE FOR THE JNK PROTEIN AND GENE

ACTIVITY REGULATED BY HISTONE H1

Natalia Salazar ValderramaMedicine Student

FOLDING

FOLDING

INTRODUCTION

In order to maintain the fidelity of the In order to maintain the fidelity of the developing organism this process of developing organism this process of cell division must be highly ordered and cell division must be highly ordered and tightly regulatedtightly regulated

The important part is if during cell cycle the The important part is if during cell cycle the cell loss control will lead to abnormal cell loss control will lead to abnormal development and is the cause of development and is the cause of different diseases like cancer.different diseases like cancer.

GENE ACTIVITY REGULATED BY HISTONE H1 THROUGHOUT THE CELL CYCLE Medical News Today (Jul 06 , 2010)

GENE ACTIVITY REGULATED BY HISTONE H1 THROUGHOUT THE CELL CYCLE

Ribosomes are organelles Ribosomes are organelles composed of two different subunits, composed of two different subunits, protein and RNA who are protein and RNA who are synthesized by the nucleolus. synthesized by the nucleolus. This organelles are responsible for This organelles are responsible for assembling the proteins of the cell.assembling the proteins of the cell.

Histone H1 is very important in stabilizing chromatin higher-Histone H1 is very important in stabilizing chromatin higher-order structures, is called a "linker" histone because it binds the order structures, is called a "linker" histone because it binds the DNA between nucleosomes.DNA between nucleosomes.

GENE ACTIVITY REGULATED BY HISTONE H1 THROUGHOUT THE CELL CYCLE

Histones are proteins termed H1, Histones are proteins termed H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4H2A, H2B, H3, and H4

Two each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 come Two each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 come together to form a histone octamer, which binds and DNA. together to form a histone octamer, which binds and DNA.

The H1 protein is a link.The H1 protein is a link.

The nine histone proteins and 166 pairs of DNA form a The nine histone proteins and 166 pairs of DNA form a nucleosomenucleosome..

H1 proteins interact with each other, causing the chromatin to H1 proteins interact with each other, causing the chromatin to form a spiral, with 6 nucleosomes, this is known as a form a spiral, with 6 nucleosomes, this is known as a

solenoid.solenoid.

GENE ACTIVITY REGULATED BY HISTONE H1 THROUGHOUT THE CELL CYCLE

DNA is packaged with protein DNA is packaged with protein into chromosomes allowing a into chromosomes allowing a large amount of DNA to fit in a large amount of DNA to fit in a cell's nucleus.cell's nucleus.

GENE ACTIVITY REGULATED BY HISTONE H1 THROUGHOUT THE CELL CYCLE

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group.group.

Normally we know that the H1 histone is only a Normally we know that the H1 histone is only a clamp protein on nucleosome, but some clamp protein on nucleosome, but some investigators have finded that the H1 has been investigators have finded that the H1 has been phosphorilared and has been associated with phosphorilared and has been associated with changes in gene activity around it.changes in gene activity around it.

Each day we are discovering new Each day we are discovering new activities and new functions that activities and new functions that the proteins can do, and this the proteins can do, and this going to help us to find new cures going to help us to find new cures for the sickness, besides it for the sickness, besides it remember us how important is the remember us how important is the protein function in the human protein function in the human body and we may see that we body and we may see that we know little about it.know little about it.

COMMENT

NEW ROLE FOR THE JNK PROTEIN: LONG KNOWN TO HELP CELLS RESPOND TO STRESS, JNK ALSO CONTROLS CELL CYCLE

Science Daily (Jul 16, 2010)

NEW ROLE FOR THE JNK PROTEIN: LONG KNOWN TO HELP CELLS RESPOND TO STRESS, JNK ALSO CONTROLS CELL CYCLE

The cell cycle is an elaborated series The cell cycle is an elaborated series of events whereby chromosomes and of events whereby chromosomes and other cells’ components are other cells’ components are duplicated and then distributed into duplicated and then distributed into two daughter cells. two daughter cells.

This process is fundamental to This process is fundamental to the development and function of the development and function of all life.all life.

The fidelity of cell reproduction also The fidelity of cell reproduction also depends on regulatory mechanisms that depends on regulatory mechanisms that ensure that the events of the cell cycle ensure that the events of the cell cycle occur in the correct order. To ensure the occur in the correct order. To ensure the correct order of events, the cell contains a correct order of events, the cell contains a complex regulatory network called the cell complex regulatory network called the cell cycle control system, that controls their cycle control system, that controls their timing and coordination.timing and coordination.

The regular check points in the cell are The regular check points in the cell are between stage G1 and S, between stage between stage G1 and S, between stage S and G2 and between stage G2 and M.S and G2 and between stage G2 and M.

NEW ROLE FOR THE JNK PROTEIN: LONG KNOWN TO HELP CELLS RESPOND TO STRESS, JNK ALSO CONTROLS CELL CYCLE

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are among the major subgroups of mitogen-among the major subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP) that are activated protein kinases (MAP) that are induced by diverse signals including induced by diverse signals including growth factors, cytokines, tumor growth factors, cytokines, tumor promoters, UV radiation, and hormones.promoters, UV radiation, and hormones.

The (MAP) kinases are enzymes that The (MAP) kinases are enzymes that causes phosphorylation.causes phosphorylation.

NEW ROLE FOR THE JNK PROTEIN: LONG KNOWN TO HELP CELLS RESPOND TO STRESS, JNK ALSO CONTROLS CELL CYCLE

Actually the medicine has to keep Actually the medicine has to keep strengthen proteomic to strengthen proteomic to continue advancing in this kind continue advancing in this kind of findings and in this way fight of findings and in this way fight athwart the big health problems athwart the big health problems that suffer the humanity.that suffer the humanity.

COMMENT

MEDICAL UTILITY

MEDICAL UTILITY

This investigation is very important because allow This investigation is very important because allow see the importance of knowledge about the see the importance of knowledge about the different functions of proteins in the human body, different functions of proteins in the human body, especially in cell cycle, besides this findings incite especially in cell cycle, besides this findings incite us to investigate more about proteins in cell cycle us to investigate more about proteins in cell cycle and orient it to prevent different diseases like and orient it to prevent different diseases like cancer.cancer.

MEDICAL UTILITY

Its important to know the different mechanism the Its important to know the different mechanism the phosphorylation on the proteins, because many of phosphorylation on the proteins, because many of de drugs used daily to attack several diseases works de drugs used daily to attack several diseases works phosphorylating diverse molecules and could cause phosphorylating diverse molecules and could cause damages that we don’t know, and could be damages that we don’t know, and could be responsible for the serious illness like cancer or responsible for the serious illness like cancer or leukemia to named some of them.leukemia to named some of them.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

New role for the jnk protein: long known to help cells respond to stress, jnk New role for the jnk protein: long known to help cells respond to stress, jnk also controls cell cycle. Science Daily [Revista en internet] 2010 [Acceso also controls cell cycle. Science Daily [Revista en internet] 2010 [Acceso 17 de Julio de 2010] Disponible en: 17 de Julio de 2010] Disponible en: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100714121741.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100714121741.htm

Gene activity regulated by histone h1 throughout the cell cycle. Medical Gene activity regulated by histone h1 throughout the cell cycle. Medical new today [Revista en internet] 2010 [Acceso 22 de julo de 2010] new today [Revista en internet] 2010 [Acceso 22 de julo de 2010] Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/193818.php

COOPER, Geoffrey. HAUSMAN, Robert. La celula. 4ta ed. Madrid: COOPER, Geoffrey. HAUSMAN, Robert. La celula. 4ta ed. Madrid: Marban, 2008. 818p.Marban, 2008. 818p.