protein synthesis. what do you already know? what does the word “synthesis” mean? what is the...
TRANSCRIPT
PROTEIN SYNTHESISPROTEIN SYNTHESIS
What do you already know? What do you already know?
What does the word “synthesis” mean?What does the word “synthesis” mean? What is the building block of protein?What is the building block of protein? Where in the cell are proteins made?Where in the cell are proteins made? What is the function of proteins?What is the function of proteins? What 3 letters do all sugars end with?What 3 letters do all sugars end with?
Structure of RNAStructure of RNA
RibRiboseose SugarSugar PhosphatePhosphate group group Nitrogenous bases-Nitrogenous bases-
AAUU ( (not Tnot T))CC G G
Forms a Forms a nucleotide nucleotide (just like (just like DNADNA))
Post-it Post-it Activity:Activity:
1. On your post-it notes write 1. On your post-it notes write •2 things that only DNA has2 things that only DNA has•2 things that only RNA has2 things that only RNA has•1 thing in common 1 thing in common 2. Place your post-it on the appropriate poster. 2. Place your post-it on the appropriate poster.
RNARNA differs from differs from DNADNA
1.1. RNARNA has a sugar has a sugar riboseribose
DNADNA has a sugar has a sugar deoxyribosedeoxyribose
2.2. RNARNA contains uracil ( contains uracil (UU))
DNA DNA has thymine (has thymine (TT))
3.3. RNARNA molecule is molecule is singlesingle-stranded-stranded
DNA DNA is is doubledouble-stranded-stranded
Transcription – Basics
Process that makes mRNA (messenger RNA) from a gene (DNA) mRNA carries the genetic codes from the
nucleus to the ribosomes
Occurs in the Occurs in the nucleusnucleus
Transcription – DNA mRNA
1. DNA unzips into 2 separate strands
2. Enzymes pair up nucleotides according to RNA base pairing rules:
Cytosine(C) pairs with Guanine(G)
Uracil(U) pairs with Adenine(A)
3. A single strand of RNA has been produced.
4. Genetic code from DNA is transferred to mRNA
So, after transcription, what is the So, after transcription, what is the complementary mRNA strand from the complementary mRNA strand from the following strand of DNA?following strand of DNA?
DNA – AGG CTT GGC CAA GCTDNA – AGG CTT GGC CAA GCT RNA –UCC GAA CCG GUU CGARNA –UCC GAA CCG GUU CGA
DNA- TAC CGG ATA CCG CAT GCGDNA- TAC CGG ATA CCG CAT GCGRNA- AUG GCC UAU GGC GUA CGCRNA- AUG GCC UAU GGC GUA CGC
Brain BreakBrain Break
Find classmates that will help you Find classmates that will help you complete the sequence of protein complete the sequence of protein synthesis. synthesis.
Once you have all the pieces (5 total), Once you have all the pieces (5 total), working with your group organize the working with your group organize the picture/words into the correct order.picture/words into the correct order.
Have a teacher check your work then Have a teacher check your work then copy your sequence into your notescopy your sequence into your notes
Translation – mRNA protein
Process where mRNA is used to make proteins.
Occurs at the ribosomes
Ribsomes are made of rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Translation – mRNA protein
1. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes.
2. The ribosome attaches to mRNA
3. The mRNA is read by ribosomes 3 nucleotides (codon) at a time
4. As the codons are read, tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids and they are assembled in a long chain called a protein
Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis SimulationSimulation
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1302index_tj.asp?objID=AP1302
Flow MapFlow Map
Organize the pieces into the correct orderOrganize the pieces into the correct order Have a teacher check your answerHave a teacher check your answer Copy the correct sequence into your Copy the correct sequence into your
notes.notes.
The Genetic CodeThe Genetic Code
33 RNA nucleotides code for RNA nucleotides code for 11 amino acid.amino acid.
The strand AAACGUUCGCCC The strand AAACGUUCGCCC would be separated as would be separated as AAA-AAA-CGU-UCG-CCCCGU-UCG-CCC
How do we figure out the How do we figure out the amino acids?amino acids?
-we use the -we use the codon codon chartchart
Lysine – Arginine – Serine – Lysine – Arginine – Serine – ProlineProline
Genetic CodesGenetic Codes
Universal Genetic CodeUniversal Genetic CodeDNA mRNA
codontRNA anticodon
Amino Acid
G
T
G
U
A
C
G
C
A
CAC
GUG
Histodine
ATG
AUG
Tyrosine
GCA
CGU
Arginine
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
mRNA
RibosomerRNA
Amino acid
tRNA
protein
Protein SynthesisProtein Synthesis
DNA making mRNA
DNA
tRNA
Amino acids
RibosomerRNA
Protein
mRNA
Transcription
Translation
DNA → RNA → Proteins
Quick ReviewQuick Review
1. How many nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid?
A.1
B.3
C.4
D.6
Quick ReviewQuick Review
2. Uracil is found in…..2. Uracil is found in…..
a)a) DNADNA
b)b) RNARNA
c)c) RibosomesRibosomes
d)d) Double HelixDouble Helix
Quick ReviewQuick Review
3. What is one role of transfer RNA in the cell?
A.preparing the genes for messenger RNA
B.changing nitrogen bases into amino acids
C.preparing messenger RNA for the ribosomes
D.carrying amino acids to the ribosomes
Quick ReviewQuick Review
4. The genetic information for making a protein must move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Which of these moves this information to the cytoplasm?
A.a ribosome
B.DNA
C.RNA
D.an amino acid
Quick ReviewQuick Review
5. Which of these statements best explains how genes and proteins are related?
A.Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins.
B.Proteins are segments of DNA that code for genes.
C.Genes are the building blocks of proteins.
D.Proteins are the building blocks of genes.