Protein Synthesis and Nuclear Control

Do You Know How The Nucleus Controls The Cell?

Protein SynthesisToday I’ll be talking about Protein Synthesis and how the Nucleus uses it to control the cell.

Why should you know about it?

Because I say so!!! Just kidding.

Really this process is one of the secrets of life so pay close attention. Today, ideas that are written in RED you should write down in your notes. Of course you can write down more if you want to So you can write the title of your notes like the title above (Since it’s in red).

The Central Dogma

DNA--------------RNA------------ProteinDNA makes RNA makes Protein

DNADNA is the Genetic code of an organism

The Cell’s DNA is in the nucleus

DNA is wound in a double helix. It is made of two sugar/phosphate strands with bases that are bonded together by hydrogen bonds.

Base Paring:

A bonds with T

C bonds with G

Can you think of an acronym to help you remember this?

I use: AT Coast Guard

Don’t know why, it just helps me remember.

Click For More Detail On DNA

Transcription and Translation

Remember our theme that DNARNAProtein

Transcription is when the DNA makes RNA

Translation is when the RNA makes Protein

Do you remember where in the cell protein is made?

Do you remember where in the cell the DNA is?

ribosome

Transcription•Happens in the Nucleus

•DNA unwinds and RNA polymerase makes mRNA (messenger RNA) from the DNA.

•RNA is like DNA but is single stranded. The other difference is that T is replaced with U in RNA. The RNA is formed by matching bases to the single strand of DNA.

•mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores and goes to the Ribosome for Protein Synthesis (Translation)

Translation

Translation is Protein Synthesis and occurs at the Ribosomes

•mRNA bonds to the ribosome

•tRNA (transfer RNA) moves to the ribosome and matches to three bases segments of mRNA called codons.

•Each tRNA is carrying an Amino Acid

•Amino Acids form peptide bonds to make Proteins

•Proteins are the building blocks of cells and also Enzymes that control chemical reactions

Any ideas how to remember the difference between Transcription and Translation?

Well, I don’t know but in school a transcript is the record of all the grade you got in classes. If you get a complete transcript it translates (see, translation ) into a diploma or degree. A diploma is a building block like protein and that can speed up getting jobs and other opportunities like enzymes can catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions.

I bet you can come up with something better than that.

Essay Time! Protein synthesis produces the enzymes and building blocks of the cell. Protein synthesis starts in the nucleus where the DNA holds the code for the proteins. Messenger RNA copies the code for the protein. Messenger RNA is transported out of the nucleus to the ribosomes. Transfer RNA brings the correct amino acids to the ribosomes. The amino acids are joined together at the ribosome making the correct protein. Protein synthesis is important to the cell because it is used to build the cell and control the reactions of the cell.

THE END