protein structure and shape, denaturation and enzymes
DESCRIPTION
Protein structure and shape, denaturation and Enzymes for 9th graders.TRANSCRIPT
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PROTEIN SHAPEPROTEIN STRUCTUREAND
ENZYMES
Proteins Part II
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Essential, Nonessential, and Conditional
Essential – must be consumed in the dietNonessential – can be synthesized in the bodyConditionally essential – cannot be synthesized due to
illness or lack of necessary precursors
Types of proteins
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PROTEIN SHAPE/ Structure of the Protein
Functional protein consists of one or more
polypeptides precisely twisted, folded and coiled.
Denaturation is the process in
which a protein unravels and loses its normal shape.
Changes in pH and
temperature
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Bonds between amino acids (from monomers to polymers)
chemical reaction: Dehydration Reaction
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Structure of the Protein Any alteration
in the structure
or sequencing changes the shape
and function
of the protein
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Denaturing
Alteration of the protein´s shape and thus functions through the use of HeatAcidsBasesSaltsMechanical
agitation
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Denaturing a Protein
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ENZYMES
Weaken chemical bonds.
Molecules absorb energy.
“start-up” energy is called Activation energy.
Heating up would cause unnecessary reactions to occur at once.
Catalysts (compounds that speed up reactions).
Lowers the energetic requirement.
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Lock and key.
Specific substrate for the enzyme.
HOW DO ENZYMES WORK?
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http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html
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Quick Review Proteins are chains of combination of amino acids
Amino acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Unique amino acids consist of a central carbon with a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, a nitrogen-containing amine group, and a unique side chain
There are 20 side chains and 20 unique amino acids
9 essential amino acids
11 nonessential amino acids
At time these become conditionally essential
Amino acids link together with peptide bonds by condensation and break apart by hydrolysis
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Quick Review
Attractions and interactions between the side chains cause the proteins to fold into precise three-dimensional shapes
Protein shape determines its functionProteins are denatured and their shapes
changed byHeat
Acids
Bases
Salts
Mechanical agitation
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Quick Review
Protein structure has 4 levels:
a)Primary structure
b)Secondary structure
c)Tertiary structure
d)Quaternary structure
Denaturation is the Alteration of the protein´s shape and thus functions through the use of Heat
Acids
Bases
Salts
Mechanical agitation