protect-dg uudet tekniikat sähköverkon vikatilanteiden ja ... · uudet tekniikat sähköverkon...
TRANSCRIPT
Protect-DG
Uudet tekniikat sähköverkon vikatilanteiden ja
hajautetun tuotannon hallinnassa
19.09.2017
Amir Farughian
Overview
• Single-phase earth fault location
– Review of the existing methods
– Improving a method
• Sequence currents
• PSCAD simulations
• Theoretical analysis
– Earth fault location based on signaling
– Intermittent earth fault
• Publications and reports
19.9.2017 Protect-DG 2
Fault location methods
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 3
Fault location methods
Centralized Methods
Impedance based
Artificial intelligence
Travelling waves
Distributed Methods
Basic Electrical Quantities
Relays
Fault Passage Indicators
Smart Meters
Signalling
Pulse
Non-grid frequency
Fault location methods
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 4
Fault location methods
Centralized Methods
Impedance based
Artificial intelligence
Travelling waves
Distributed Methods
Basic Electrical Quantities
Relays
Fault Passage Indicators
Smart Meters
Signalling
Pulse
Non-grid frequency
Impedance-based methods not promising!
Protect-DG 5
J. Altonen and A. Wahlroos, "Performance of Modern Fault Passage Indicator Concept," in CIRED
Workshop, Helsinki, 14-15 June 2016.
“Commercial solutions for computational location of single-phase earth faults is not yet
available, regardless of the research and development work done in recent years [1]. Due to
lack of solutions for computational fault location of earth faults, application of Fault Passage
Indicators (FPIs) is
a promising alternative [2].”
But now we have smart grids:
• Good sensors
• Working communication
• IEDs with high sampling rate, etc
Decentralized
methods
19.09.2017
Fault location
using sequence
components
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 6
Basic method
Protect-DG 7
M. Lehtonen, O. Siirto and . M. F. Abdel-Fattah , "Simple Fault Path Indication Techniques for Earth Faults," in IEEE Electric Power Quality and Supply Reliability Conference (PQ), Rakvere, Estonia, 11-13 June 2014:
Along the fault current path between the feeding substation and the
fault point, the negative sequence component varies only a little but
it is practically non-existent behind the fault.
19.09.2017
Negative sequence component (current)
• Negative sequence current can be obtained from phase
currents
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 8
𝐼𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 1
3 (𝐼𝑎 + 𝑎𝐼𝑏 + 𝑎2𝐼𝑐)
𝑎 = −1
2+ 𝑗
3
2
𝐼𝑎
𝐼𝑏
𝐼𝑐
PSCAD simulations
• Rural
– Isolated
– Compensated
• Urban
– Isolated
– Compensated
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 9
Some PSCAD
simulation results
of the basic
method
(Lehtonen)
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 10
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 11
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 12
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 13
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 14
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
44.17 A 0.01
44.13 A 44.21 A 6.24 A 3.07 A
Rf (Ω)
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 15
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
44.17 A 44.05 A
0.01 1
44.13 A 44.02 A
44.21 A 44.09 A
6.24 A 6.22 A
3.07 A 3.06 A
Rf (Ω)
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 16
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
44.17 A 44.05 A 42.66 A
0.01 1 10
44.13 A 44.02 A 42.63 A
44.21 A 44.09 A 42.70 A
6.24 A 6.22 A 6.02 A
3.07 A 3.06 A 2.96 A
Rf (Ω)
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 17
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
44.17 A 44.05 A 42.66 A 23.20 A
0.01 1 10 100
44.13 A 44.02 A 42.63 A 23.18 A
44.21 A 44.09 A 42.70 A 23.22 A
6.24 A 6.22 A 6.02 A 3.27 A
3.07 A 3.06 A 2.96 A 1.61 A
Rf (Ω)
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 18
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
44.17 A 44.05 A 42.66 A 23.20 A 2.99 A
0.01 1 10 100 1000
44.13 A 44.02 A 42.63 A 23.18 A 2.98 A
44.21 A 44.09 A 42.70 A 23.22 A 2.99 A
6.24 A 6.22 A 6.02 A 3.27 A 0.42 A
3.07 A 3.06 A 2.96 A 1.61 A 0.20 A
Rf (Ω)
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 19
5 km 20 km 35 km 50 km
Background
network Healthy feeder
AHXAMK AL132 Pigeon Raven Primary
transformer
44.17 A 44.05 A 42.66 A 23.20 A 2.99 A
1 A
0.01 1 10 100 1000 3000
44.13 A 44.02 A 42.63 A 23.18 A 2.98 A
1 A
44.21 A 44.09 A 42.70 A 23.22 A 2.99 A
1 A
6.24 A 6.22 A 6.02 A 3.27 A 0.42 A 0.14 A
3.07 A 3.06 A 2.96 A 1.61 A 0.20 A 0.06 A
Rf (Ω)
Improved method
• Invention disclosure
– Addresses the shortcoming of the basic method
• Report
– theoretical analysis
– PSCAD simulations
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 20
Main advantages of the new method
Protect-DG 21
• Cost-effective No need for voltage measurement. It is based on only
current measurements that can be performed by
Rogowski coil
Compared to signal injection methods, there is no need
for additional injection devices
• Independent of the fault resistance
19.09.2017
Basic method
• The basic method is in use already in urban networks. Its
performance is good as in urban networks the fault
resistance is close to zero ohms.
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 22
Fault location
based on
signaling
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 23
Principles of the method
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 24
G. Druml, C. Raunig, P. Schenger and L. Fickert, "Fast Selective Earth
Fault Localization using the New Fast Pulse Detection Method," in 22nd
International Conference on Electricity Distribution, Stockholm, 10-13
June 2013.
Intermittent Earth
Fault
19.09.2017 Protect-DG 25
Intermittent earth fault location _ possible solution
19.09.2017 26
Faulted phase currents before and after the fault point
Protect-DG
Publications and reports
• Amir Farughian, Lauri Kumpulainen, Kimmo Kauhaniemi, “Review of
Methodologies for Earth Fault Indication and Location in Compensated and
Unearthed MV Distribution Networks”, Electric Power Systems Research,
2017. (accepted)
• Invention disclosure (waiting for a decision)
• Amir Farughian, Anton Poluektov,… “Earth fault location based on powerline
signaling”, The 14th International Conference on Developments in Power
System Protection, March 2018, Belfast, UK (submitted).
• Sampo Voima, Amir Farughian, “Intermittent Earth Fault Protection and
Location”, June 2017 (report)
27 Protect-DG 19.09.2017
Kiitos!
19.09.2017 28 Protect-DG