Prosperity and Depression Prosperity and Depression at Home and Abroad at Home and Abroad

Chapter 12Chapter 12

Section 2Section 2

Mass Consumption and Cultural Mass Consumption and Cultural ValuesValues

The decade of the 1920’s was also The decade of the 1920’s was also known as the known as the Roaring TwentiesRoaring Twenties..

Young people in the cities and Young people in the cities and suburbs had automobiles, suburbs had automobiles, phonographs, radios, movies, phonographs, radios, movies, major league sports, new dance major league sports, new dance steps, and fast-paced, African steps, and fast-paced, African American-inspired music called American-inspired music called jazz.jazz.

The AutomobileThe Automobile

Henry FordHenry Ford created the created the automobile automobile (Model T).(Model T).

The The assembly assembly lineline was used to was used to mass produce mass produce automobiles. automobiles.

Henry Ford Henry Ford wanted his wanted his Model T cars to Model T cars to be sold be sold cheaplycheaply with people with with people with average average incomesincomes..

The Assembly LineThe Assembly Line

Instead of Instead of workersworkers moving about to moving about to pick up various automobile parts, Ford pick up various automobile parts, Ford had them had them standstand in one spot as the car in one spot as the car being assembled moved past them on a being assembled moved past them on a moving conveyor belt. moving conveyor belt.

WithoutWithout moving from their places in moving from their places in the assembly line, workers repeated the the assembly line, workers repeated the same operations over and over.same operations over and over.

The assembly The assembly line method line method saved saved timetime, , cut cut production production costscosts, and , and enabled enabled Model T’s to Model T’s to be sold in be sold in 1916 for a 1916 for a price of only price of only $400$400..

The American The American automobile automobile boosted the boosted the American American economyeconomy and and transformed transformed American American societysociety..

Other industries that were stimulated by Other industries that were stimulated by the growth of the automobile industry were the growth of the automobile industry were the the rubberrubber industry which expanded to industry which expanded to produce produce tirestires. .

The The oiloil and and gasolinegasoline industry provided industry provided fuelfuel. . The The steelsteel industry produced millions of tons industry produced millions of tons

of of metalmetal for auto for auto bodiesbodies. . Roadside Roadside hotelshotels and and restaurantsrestaurants were built were built

all over the country to take advantage of all over the country to take advantage of the motorists’ fondness for travel and the motorists’ fondness for travel and tourism.tourism.

Some Some problemsproblems that were that were created with the automobiles created with the automobiles were were drunken drivingdrunken driving, fatal , fatal highway highway accidentsaccidents, , parkingparking problems on city streets, and problems on city streets, and later later pollutedpolluted air. air.

Two Two inventions inventions that had that had been been invented in invented in the 1870s the 1870s were the were the telephonetelephone and and phonographphonograph..

Four inventions that had been Four inventions that had been invented in the 1890s were the invented in the 1890s were the first first moviesmovies, , automobilesautomobiles with with gasoline engines, and the first gasoline engines, and the first device for transmitting device for transmitting radioradio messages all appeared in the messages all appeared in the 1890’s.1890’s.

Installment BuyingInstallment Buying

Rather than paying the entire Rather than paying the entire price of the product upon price of the product upon purchase, consumers had the purchase, consumers had the opportunity to spread out opportunity to spread out their payments in their payments in installmentsinstallments, , even as they used the product.even as they used the product.

Some people went into Some people went into debtdebt to to finance purchases with finance purchases with installment buyinginstallment buying..

After awhile, so much debt After awhile, so much debt accumulated that a family had accumulated that a family had to to stopstop buying new products buying new products just to make the monthly debt just to make the monthly debt payments on all that it owed.payments on all that it owed.

Concerning Concerning real estate real estate the the automobileautomobile allowed allowed people to people to move from move from the city to the city to the the suburbssuburbs..

The growth of smaller cities and The growth of smaller cities and towns beyond the larger urban towns beyond the larger urban centers led to alternate forms of centers led to alternate forms of governmentgovernment..

Zoning RegulationsZoning Regulations

Such regulations determine Such regulations determine where where businessesbusinesses and and homeshomes may be may be establishedestablished, how , how landland may be used, and how may be used, and how much much acreageacreage each house each house may have.may have.

Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty CompanyRealty Company

The Court agreed that The Court agreed that municipalitiesmunicipalities had the right to had the right to regulate health and safety regulate health and safety through through zoningzoning ordinances so ordinances so zoning regulations were zoning regulations were upheldupheld..

Some forms of entertainment in Some forms of entertainment in the 1920s were listening to the 1920s were listening to phonographphonograph records/ and records/ and radioradio broadcasts, and watching broadcasts, and watching moviesmovies..

A popular baseball player in the A popular baseball player in the 1920s was 1920s was Babe RuthBabe Ruth..

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh made the first solo made the first solo flight from the United States to flight from the United States to Europe.Europe.

Life was Life was goodgood for the middle class for the middle class during the 1920s.during the 1920s.

Native-born, white Americans mainly Native-born, white Americans mainly made up the made up the middle classmiddle class. .

The The immigrantsimmigrants were blamed for were blamed for the slums and crime found in the the slums and crime found in the cities.cities.

The The Communist RevolutionCommunist Revolution in in Russia in 1917 fueled nativist fears Russia in 1917 fueled nativist fears about the loyalties of the huge about the loyalties of the huge foreign born population. foreign born population.

NativistsNativists thought foreign born thought foreign born radicalsradicals might attempt to overthrow might attempt to overthrow the U. S. the U. S. governmentgovernment. .

NativistNativist fears turned to action fears turned to action in the in the Red ScareRed Scare of 1919 and of 1919 and 1920 in which federal agents 1920 in which federal agents trampledtrampled on the on the civil rightscivil rights of a of a great many people. great many people.

The The Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan grew and grew and spread to other parts of the spread to other parts of the country from the south.country from the south.

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo VanzettiVanzetti

Two Italian immigrants Two Italian immigrants had been convicted in a had been convicted in a Massachusetts court of Massachusetts court of armed armed robberyrobbery and and murdermurder and they were and they were executedexecuted by a biased judge. by a biased judge.

The 1925 trial of The 1925 trial of John ScopesJohn Scopes reflected the conflict between reflected the conflict between sciencescience and and religionreligion..

FlappersFlappers were young women were young women who wore one piece bathing suits who wore one piece bathing suits and smoked cigarettes in public.and smoked cigarettes in public.

Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud was a pioneer in the was a pioneer in the field of psychoanalysis.field of psychoanalysis.

Free association treatmentFree association treatment involved involved the treatment involved probing the the treatment involved probing the unconscious memories through unconscious memories through interpretations of past events and interpretations of past events and dreams of the patient.dreams of the patient.

The The Eighteenth AmendmentEighteenth Amendment prohibited the prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. the U.S.

This 1919 Amendment achieved the longtime goal This 1919 Amendment achieved the longtime goal of the of the temperancetemperance movement. movement.

The The Nineteenth AmendmentNineteenth Amendment granted women the granted women the right to vote in 1920. right to vote in 1920.

U.S. U.S. womenwomen had now achieved power to had now achieved power to influenceinfluence government and public policy.government and public policy.

The The Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance was a period of was a period of literacy and artistic brilliance that celebrated literacy and artistic brilliance that celebrated and explored the black experience in America.and explored the black experience in America.

Ernest HemingwayErnest Hemingway contributed to the literacy contributed to the literacy scene during the 1920s by writing the novel scene during the 1920s by writing the novel The Sun Also Rises which depicted young The Sun Also Rises which depicted young Americans who had no clear view of Americans who had no clear view of themselves or the world around them.themselves or the world around them.

Ernest Ernest HemingwayHemingway

Langston HughesLangston Hughes was an African was an African American poet who used the American poet who used the vernacular to express the frustrations vernacular to express the frustrations blacks felt living in a nation beset by blacks felt living in a nation beset by prejudice and discrimination.prejudice and discrimination.

F. Scott FitzgeraldF. Scott Fitzgerald wrote the famous wrote the famous novel The Great Gatsby which novel The Great Gatsby which explored the materialism and social explored the materialism and social climbing of the status-conscious 1920s.climbing of the status-conscious 1920s.