Petroleum Experts

User Manual

IPM

PROSPER

Version 11May 2009

PROSPERIPM - Single Well Model OVERVIEW

by Petroleum Experts Limited

PROSPER is a well performance, design and optimisation program which is part of theIntegrated Production Modelling Toolkit (IPM). This tool is the industry standard wellmodelling with the major operators worldwide.

PROSPER is designed to allow the building of reliable and consistent well models, with theability to address each aspect of well bore modelling VIZ, PVT (fluid characterisation), VLPcorrelations (for calculation of flow-line and tubing pressure loss) and IPR (reservoirinflow).

PROSPER provides unique matching features, which tune PVT, multiphase flowcorrelations and IPR to match measured field data, allowing a consistent well model to bebuilt prior to use in prediction (sensitivities or artificial lift design). PROSPER enablesdetailed surface pipeline performance and design: Flow Regimes, pipeline stability, SlugSize andFrequency

APPLICATIONS Design and optimise well completions including multi-lateral, multilayer and horizontalwells Design and optimise tubing and pipeline sizes Design, diagnose and optimise Gas lifted, Hydraulic pumps and ESP wells Generate lift curves for use in simulators Calculate pressure losses in wells, flow lines and across chokes Predict flowing temperatures in wells and pipelines Monitor well performance to rapidly identify wells requiring remedial action Calculate total skin and determine breakdown (damage, deviation orpartial penetration) Unique black oil model for retrograde condensate fluids, accountingfor liquid dropout in the wellbore Allocate production between wells

The copyright in this manual and the associated computer program are the property of Petroleum ExpertsLtd. All rights reserved. Both, this manual and the computer program have been provided pursuant to aLicence Agreement containing restriction of use.

No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, ortranslated into any language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical orotherwise, or disclose to third parties without prior written consent from Petroleum Experts Ltd., PetexHouse, 10 Logie Mill, Edinburgh, EH7 4HG, Scotland, UK.

Petroleum Experts Ltd. All rights reserved.

IPM Suite, GAP, PROSPER, MBAL, PVTP, REVEAL, RESOLVE, IFM, ModelCatalogue and OpenServerare trademarks of Petroleum Experts Ltd.

Microsoft (Windows), Windows (2000) and Windows (XP) are registered trademarks of the MicrosoftCorporation

The software described in this manual is furnished under a licence agreement. The software may be usedor copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy the software onany medium except as specifically allowed in the license agreement. No part of this documentation may bereproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,recording, or information storage and retrieval systems for any purpose other than the purchaser's personaluse, unless express written consent has been given by Petroleum Experts Limited.

Address:

Petroleum Experts LimitedPetex House10 Logie MillEdinburgh, ScotlandEH7 4HG

Tel : (44 131) 474 7030Fax : (44 131) 474 7031

email: edinburgh@petex.comInternet: www.petex.com

Copyright Notice

3

1990-2009 Petroleum Experts Limited

PROSPERI

Table of Contents0

Chapter 1 Technical Overview 2................................................................................................................................... 21 Fluid modelling options ................................................................................................................................... 32 Inflows and Sand Control options ................................................................................................................................... 43 Well bore and Pipeline hydraulics ................................................................................................................................... 44 Artificial lift systems ................................................................................................................................... 55 Flow assurance

.......................................................................................................................................................... 5Advanced Thermal Models

.......................................................................................................................................................... 5General Flow Assurance Features

Chapter 2 User Guide 7................................................................................................................................... 71 Introduction

.......................................................................................................................................................... 7Using PROSPER .......................................................................................................................................................... 10PROSPER and Systems Analysis ......................................................................................................................................................... 12About PROSPER.......................................................................................................................................................... 14Examples

................................................................................................................................... 152 File Management .......................................................................................................................................................... 15PROSPER Files ......................................................................................................................................................... 15PVT Data (*.PVT)......................................................................................................................................................... 16Input Data (*.SIN)......................................................................................................................................................... 16Analysis Data (*.ANL)......................................................................................................................................................... 16Output Data (*.OUT)......................................................................................................................................................... 17Creating a New File......................................................................................................................................................... 17Opening an Existing File......................................................................................................................................................... 17Saving a File......................................................................................................................................................... 18Copying a File.......................................................................................................................................................... 18Preferences ......................................................................................................................................................... 18Main Screen......................................................................................................................................................... 20File......................................................................................................................................................... 21Plot......................................................................................................................................................... 23User Applications......................................................................................................................................................... 24Limits......................................................................................................................................................... 25Units......................................................................................................................................................... 26Equipment......................................................................................................................................................... 26VPC.......................................................................................................................................................... 27Software Key Maintenance .......................................................................................................................................................... 30FileList .......................................................................................................................................................... 31Evaluate OpenServer Statement .......................................................................................................................................................... 33User Correlations .......................................................................................................................................................... 35Printer Setup ......................................................................................................................................................... 35Preparing to Print......................................................................................................................................................... 36Selecting and configuring a Printer......................................................................................................................................................... 36Printing Export Data......................................................................................................................................................... 38Selecting an Exported Data to Print.......................................................................................................................................................... 38Word Processing in PROSPER .......................................................................................................................................................... 39Clipboard Command

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.......................................................................................................................................................... 39Command Buttons ................................................................................................................................... 413 Data Input - General

.......................................................................................................................................................... 41PROSPER Main Menu ......................................................................................................................................................... 42File......................................................................................................................................................... 42Options......................................................................................................................................................... 42PVT......................................................................................................................................................... 43System......................................................................................................................................................... 43Matching......................................................................................................................................................... 43Calculation......................................................................................................................................................... 43Design......................................................................................................................................................... 43Output......................................................................................................................................................... 44Wizard......................................................................................................................................................... 44Units......................................................................................................................................................... 44Help.......................................................................................................................................................... 44Options - Options Selection ......................................................................................................................................................... 45Fluid Description

......................................................................................................................................... 45Fluid Type

......................................................................................................................................... 46Method

......................................................................................................................................... 46Equation of State Setup

......................................................................................................................................... 46Separator

......................................................................................................................................... 47Emulsions

......................................................................................................................................... 47Hydrates

......................................................................................................................................... 47Water Viscosity

......................................................................................................................................... 47Water Vapour

......................................................................................................................................... 48Viscosity model......................................................................................................................................................... 48Well

......................................................................................................................................... 48Flow Type

......................................................................................................................................... 48Well Type......................................................................................................................................................... 49Artificial Lift

......................................................................................................................................... 49Method

......................................................................................................................................... 50Type......................................................................................................................................................... 51Calculation Type

......................................................................................................................................... 51Predict

......................................................................................................................................... 52Model

......................................................................................................................................... 53Calculation

......................................................................................................................................... 54Output......................................................................................................................................................... 54Steam Calculation......................................................................................................................................................... 54Well Completion

......................................................................................................................................... 54Type

......................................................................................................................................... 54Sand Control......................................................................................................................................................... 54Reservoir

......................................................................................................................................... 54Type

......................................................................................................................................... 55Gas Coning......................................................................................................................................................... 55User Information and Comments.......................................................................................................................................................... 55Options - Perforating Gun DataBase .......................................................................................................................................................... 58Options - Tubing DataBase .......................................................................................................................................................... 59Options - Casing DataBase .......................................................................................................................................................... 59Options - Pipe Schedule

................................................................................................................................... 604 PVT Data Input .......................................................................................................................................................... 60Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 62Black Oil - Oil and Water ......................................................................................................................................................... 62Input Data......................................................................................................................................................... 64Tables

PROSPERIII

......................................................................................................................................................... 65Match Data

......................................................................................................................................................... 65Regression......................................................................................................................................... 66Match

................................................................................................................................... 67Match All

................................................................................................................................... 67Parameters

................................................................................................................................... 67Viewing the Match Parameters

................................................................................................................................... 68Matching FVF above Bubble Point......................................................................................................................................................... 68Correlations......................................................................................................................................................... 69Calculate

......................................................................................................................................... 69Calculating PVT Data

......................................................................................................................................... 70Displaying the Calculated Data on the screen

......................................................................................................................................... 71Plotting the Calculated Data

......................................................................................................................................... 72Saving PVT tables from Calculated Data......................................................................................................................................................... 72Save the PVT Data......................................................................................................................................................... 72Open......................................................................................................................................................... 73Composition......................................................................................................................................................... 74Emulsions

......................................................................................................................................... 74Emulsions......................................................................................................................................................... 77Non-Newtonian Fluid......................................................................................................................................................... 79Power Fluid Data......................................................................................................................................................... 81Hydrates Formation table.......................................................................................................................................................... 82Black Oil - Dry And Wet Gas ......................................................................................................................................................... 82Input Data.......................................................................................................................................................... 83Black Oil - Retrograde Condensate ......................................................................................................................................................... 83Input Data......................................................................................................................................................... 84Calculations.......................................................................................................................................................... 85Equation Of State - All Fluids ......................................................................................................................................................... 87EOS Model Setup......................................................................................................................................................... 91EOS PVT Input Data

......................................................................................................................................... 93Importing Matched EoS......................................................................................................................................................... 93Using the EoS

......................................................................................................................................... 93Generate PVT properties

......................................................................................................................................... 96Phase Envelope

......................................................................................................................................... 98Target GOR

................................................................................................................................... 995 Equipment Data Input .......................................................................................................................................................... 99Predicting Pressure Only

......................................................................................................................................................... 100Deviation Survey......................................................................................................................................... 103Filter

......................................................................................................................................................... 106Surface Equipment

......................................................................................................................................................... 109Downhole Equipment

......................................................................................................................................................... 111Temperature Survey

......................................................................................................................................................... 112Summary.......................................................................................................................................................... 114Predicting Pressure and Temperature ......................................................................................................................................................... 114Rough Approximation

......................................................................................................................................... 114Deviation Survey

......................................................................................................................................... 114Surface Equipment

......................................................................................................................................... 115Downhole Equipment

......................................................................................................................................... 115Geothermal Gradient

......................................................................................................................................... 116Average Heat Capacities......................................................................................................................................................... 117Enthalpy Balance

......................................................................................................................................... 118Deviation Survey

......................................................................................................................................... 118Surface Equipment

......................................................................................................................................... 121Downhole Equipment

......................................................................................................................................... 122Temperature Data

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PROSPER ManualMay, 2009

......................................................................................................................................... 123Drilling and Completion

......................................................................................................................................... 125Lithology

......................................................................................................................................... 126Databases......................................................................................................................................................... 128Improved Approximation

......................................................................................................................................... 129Deviation Survey

......................................................................................................................................... 129Surface Equipment

......................................................................................................................................... 130Downhole Equipment

......................................................................................................................................... 130Geothermal Gradient

......................................................................................................................................... 131Sea Temperature Gradient

................................................................................................................................... 1326 IPR Data Input .......................................................................................................................................................... 133IPR Single Well Data ......................................................................................................................................................... 134The Main Data Entry Screen......................................................................................................................................................... 135Section Buttons......................................................................................................................................................... 135Action Buttons......................................................................................................................................................... 137Model Selection Screen......................................................................................................................................................... 138Data Input Screen.......................................................................................................................................................... 141IPR Models for Oil Wells ......................................................................................................................................................... 141P.I. Entry......................................................................................................................................................... 142Vogel......................................................................................................................................................... 142Composite......................................................................................................................................................... 142Darcy......................................................................................................................................................... 143Fetkovich......................................................................................................................................................... 143Multi-rate Fetkovich......................................................................................................................................................... 143Jones......................................................................................................................................................... 144Multi-rate Jones......................................................................................................................................................... 144Transient......................................................................................................................................................... 145Hydraulically Fractured Well......................................................................................................................................................... 145Horizontal Well - No Flow Boundaries......................................................................................................................................................... 146Horizontal Well - Constant Pressure Upper Boundary......................................................................................................................................................... 147Multi-Layer Inflow......................................................................................................................................................... 148External Entry......................................................................................................................................................... 149Horizontal well - dP Friction Loss in Wellbore......................................................................................................................................................... 153Multi-Layer - dP Loss in Wellbore......................................................................................................................................................... 156SkinAide......................................................................................................................................................... 156Dual Porosity......................................................................................................................................................... 156Horizontal Well with Transverse Vertical Fractures......................................................................................................................................................... 157Thermally Induced Fracture Model

......................................................................................................................................... 157Overview

......................................................................................................................................... 158Data Entry......................................................................................................................................................... 159Using Relative Permeabilities in PROSPER......................................................................................................................................................... 164Coning Calculation.......................................................................................................................................................... 164IPR for Gas and Retrograde Condensate ......................................................................................................................................................... 165Jones......................................................................................................................................................... 165Forchheimer......................................................................................................................................................... 165Back Pressure......................................................................................................................................................... 166C and n......................................................................................................................................................... 166Multi-rate C and n......................................................................................................................................................... 167Multi-rate Jones......................................................................................................................................................... 168External Entry......................................................................................................................................................... 168Petroleum Experts......................................................................................................................................................... 170Hydraulically Fractured Well......................................................................................................................................................... 170Horizontal Well - No-Flow Boundaries......................................................................................................................................................... 170Multi-layer Inflow......................................................................................................................................................... 170Horizontal Well - dP Friction Loss in Wellbore

PROSPERV

......................................................................................................................................................... 170Dual Porosity

......................................................................................................................................................... 170Horizontal Well with Transverse Vertical Fractures

......................................................................................................................................................... 171Multi-Layer - dP Loss in Wellbore

......................................................................................................................................................... 171Modified Isochronal Inflow Model

......................................................................................................................................................... 172Forchheimer with Pseudo Pressure

......................................................................................................................................................... 173Multirate Forchheimer with Pseudo Pressure.......................................................................................................................................................... 173Skin Models ......................................................................................................................................................... 173Mechanical/Geometrical Skin......................................................................................................................................................... 178Deviation/Partial Penetration Skin.......................................................................................................................................................... 179Sand Options ......................................................................................................................................................... 179Sand Failure......................................................................................................................................................... 180Sand Control Options

......................................................................................................................................... 182Gravel Packed Completion

......................................................................................................................................... 185Pre-Packed Screen completion

......................................................................................................................................... 189Wire-Wrapped Screen Completion

......................................................................................................................................... 193Slotted Liner Completion.......................................................................................................................................................... 197Other IPR-related features ......................................................................................................................................................... 197Gravel Pack Completion Velocities.......................................................................................................................................................... 198Viscosity Modelling .......................................................................................................................................................... 199Compaction Permeability Reduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 201Injection Wells .......................................................................................................................................................... 202SkinAide ......................................................................................................................................................... 202SkinAide Theoretical Background

......................................................................................................................................... 202Position of the producing interval with respect to reservoir geometry

......................................................................................................................................... 203Interference between perforations and the damaged zone

......................................................................................................................................... 204The Crushed Zone

......................................................................................................................................... 204Perforation tunnel which penetrates the formation

......................................................................................................................................... 205Perforation tunnel through the casing and cement

......................................................................................................................................... 205Annulus between Casing and Screen

......................................................................................................................................... 206Hemispherical Flow Model......................................................................................................................................................... 207Using SkinAide

......................................................................................................................................... 207Flow Model

......................................................................................................................................... 208Skin Model

......................................................................................................................................... 208Perforation Data

......................................................................................................................................... 209Geometry

......................................................................................................................................... 210Petrophysics

......................................................................................................................................... 211Damaged Zone

......................................................................................................................................... 212Cased Hole

......................................................................................................................................... 212Crushed Zone

......................................................................................................................................... 214Perforations.......................................................................................................................................................... 221SPOT: Shell Perforating Optimisation Tool ......................................................................................................................................................... 221Introduction to SPOT......................................................................................................................................................... 222Acronyms in the SPOT inflow module......................................................................................................................................................... 224Gun System databases......................................................................................................................................................... 225Perforation Length & Entrance Hole Diameter Calculation......................................................................................................................................................... 257SPOT: Model inputs

......................................................................................................................................... 257SPOT: Model inputs - Options.......................................................................................................................................................... 263Multi-Lateral Interface ......................................................................................................................................................... 263Network Interface

......................................................................................................................................... 263Motivation

......................................................................................................................................... 263Interface Overview................................................................................................................................... 264Network Window................................................................................................................................... 267The Navigator Window................................................................................................................................... 268Toolbar Details

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................................................................................................................................... 269Network Manipulation

................................................................................................................................... 270Menu Details

................................................................................................................................... 273Visualisation Screens......................................................................................................................................................... 274Data Entry

......................................................................................................................................... 274Overview

......................................................................................................................................... 275Tie-point and Junction Data

......................................................................................................................................... 275Tubing Data

......................................................................................................................................... 275Completion Data

......................................................................................................................................... 276Reservoir Data......................................................................................................................................................... 276Example of How to Set Up a Simple System

......................................................................................................................................... 276Introduction

......................................................................................................................................... 277Place the Nodes in the Network Window

......................................................................................................................................... 277Connect the Nodes

......................................................................................................................................... 278Enter the Data

......................................................................................................................................... 279Visualise / Calculate

................................................................................................................................... 2807 Artificial Lift Data Input .......................................................................................................................................................... 280Continuous Gas Lift Input Data ......................................................................................................................................................... 281Fixed Depth Of Injection......................................................................................................................................................... 281Optimum Depth of Injection......................................................................................................................................................... 282Valve Depth Specified......................................................................................................................................................... 283Gas Lift (Safety Equipment)......................................................................................................................................................... 284Gas Lift (Allow injection in Pipe Line above wellhead).......................................................................................................................................................... 286Intermittent Gas Lift .......................................................................................................................................................... 286ESP Input Data .......................................................................................................................................................... 288HSP Input Data .......................................................................................................................................................... 289Progressive Cavity Pumps .......................................................................................................................................................... 289Coiled Tubing Gas Lift .......................................................................................................................................................... 291Diluent Injection .......................................................................................................................................................... 292Jet Pumps .......................................................................................................................................................... 293Multiphase Pumps .......................................................................................................................................................... 293Sucker Rod Pumps

................................................................................................................................... 2948 Matching Menu .......................................................................................................................................................... 296VLP/IPR Match and Quality Check ......................................................................................................................................................... 299VLP Matching

......................................................................................................................................... 302VLP Correlation Applications......................................................................................................................................................... 303IPR Matching.......................................................................................................................................................... 306Gradient Matching .......................................................................................................................................................... 308Surface Pipe Matching .......................................................................................................................................................... 309Correlation Comparison .......................................................................................................................................................... 313QuickLook for Gas Lift ......................................................................................................................................................... 314Input......................................................................................................................................................... 317Performing the QuickLook Calculation.......................................................................................................................................................... 320QuickLook for ESP ......................................................................................................................................................... 320Input......................................................................................................................................................... 322Performing the QuickLook Calculation.......................................................................................................................................................... 324QuickLook for HSP ......................................................................................................................................................... 325Input......................................................................................................................................................... 326Performing the QuickLook Calculation.......................................................................................................................................................... 328Vertical Pipe Parameters .......................................................................................................................................................... 329Surface Flow line Parameters .......................................................................................................................................................... 329Correlation Thresholds

................................................................................................................................... 3299 Calculation Menu .......................................................................................................................................................... 331Inflow (IPR)

PROSPERVII

.......................................................................................................................................................... 335System (Ipr + Vlp) ......................................................................................................................................................... 337Left - Hand Intersection for VLP/IPR curves......................................................................................................................................................... 338Sensitivity Variables Screen

......................................................................................................................................... 340Sensitivity Combinations Screen......................................................................................................................................................... 341Calculation Screen.......................................................................................................................................................... 351Gradient (Traverse) ......................................................................................................................................................... 354Options

......................................................................................................................................... 354Maximum Grain Diameter

......................................................................................................................................... 357Erosional Velocity Calculation for Sand Laden Fluids

......................................................................................................................................... 359Gradient (Traverse)-Modified Turner Equation

......................................................................................................................................... 361Pigging.......................................................................................................................................................... 361VLP (Tubing Curves) ......................................................................................................................................................... 361VLP (Tubing) Curves - 3 Variables......................................................................................................................................................... 366VLP (Tubing) Curves - 4 Variables......................................................................................................................................................... 369VLP (Tubing) - Multi Variables.......................................................................................................................................................... 370Choke Performance .......................................................................................................................................................... 373Generate for GAP .......................................................................................................................................................... 373Bottom Hole Pressure from Wellhead Pressure ......................................................................................................................................................... 375References.......................................................................................................................................................... 375Note on Enthalpy Balance Model

................................................................................................................................... 37610 Design Menu .......................................................................................................................................................... 377Continuous Gas Lift Design ......................................................................................................................................................... 377Menu Options......................................................................................................................................................... 377New Well

......................................................................................................................................... 378Setting Up the Design Problem

......................................................................................................................................... 384Gas Lift Valve Selection

......................................................................................................................................... 384Performing the Design (New Well)......................................................................................................................................................... 389Existing Mandrels Design

......................................................................................................................................... 390Setting Up the Design Problem

......................................................................................................................................... 391Defining the Depths of Existing Mandrels

......................................................................................................................................... 392Gas Lift Valve Selection

......................................................................................................................................... 392Performing the Design (Existing Mandrels)

......................................................................................................................................... 396Valve Spacing

......................................................................................................................................... 396Designing with Tubing Sensitive Valves

......................................................................................................................................... 397Spacing Procedure for Tubing Sensitive Valves

......................................................................................................................................... 398Proportional Valves......................................................................................................................................................... 401Gas Lift Adjustments......................................................................................................................................................... 405Gaslift Valve Performance

......................................................................................................................................... 405Valve Performance Clearinghouse (VPC).......................................................................................................................................................... 406Intermittent Gas Lift .......................................................................................................................................................... 407Electrical Submersible Pump Design ......................................................................................................................................................... 409ESP Calculate

......................................................................................................................................... 410Checking Suitability of Separator Efficiency......................................................................................................................................................... 411ESP Design (Pump, Motor and Cable Selection)

......................................................................................................................................... 413Checking the Pump Design.......................................................................................................................................................... 414Hydraulic Pump Design ......................................................................................................................................................... 416HSP Calculate......................................................................................................................................................... 417HSP Design (Pump and Turbine Selection)

......................................................................................................................................... 419Checking the Pump/Turbine Design.......................................................................................................................................................... 420Progressive Cavity Pump Design ......................................................................................................................................................... 421PCP Calculate......................................................................................................................................................... 422PCP Design (Pump and Rod Selection).......................................................................................................................................................... 423Coiled Tubing GasLift Design .......................................................................................................................................................... 426Jet Pump Design

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PROSPER ManualMay, 2009

......................................................................................................................................................... 427Jet Pump Calculate

......................................................................................................................................................... 429Jet Pump Design (Pump Selection).......................................................................................................................................................... 430Sucker Rod Pump Design ......................................................................................................................................................... 430Background......................................................................................................................................................... 433Design Sucker Rod Pump

......................................................................................................................................... 434Enter Design Parameters

......................................................................................................................................... 435Perform Design

......................................................................................................................................... 436Rod Sensitivity.......................................................................................................................................................... 438Artificial Lift Database ......................................................................................................................................................... 439Gas Lift Valve Database

......................................................................................................................................... 440Adding a New Valve......................................................................................................................................................... 441ESP Database

......................................................................................................................................... 441Pump Database................................................................................................................................... 443Adding a New Pump

......................................................................................................................................... 445Motor Database................................................................................................................................... 446Adding a New Motor

......................................................................................................................................... 447Cables Database................................................................................................................................... 447Adding a New Cable

......................................................................................................................................................... 448HSP Database......................................................................................................................................... 448Pumps Database......................................................................................................................................... 449Adding a New Pump......................................................................................................................................... 449Turbines Database......................................................................................................................................... 450Adding a New Turbine

......................................................................................................................................................... 451PCP Database......................................................................................................................................... 451Pumps Database

................................................................................................................................... 453Adding a New Pump......................................................................................................................................... 454Sucker Rods Database

................................................................................................................................... 455Adding a New Sucker Rod......................................................................................................................................................... 456Jet Pumps Database

......................................................................................................................................... 456Pumps Database................................................................................................................................... 457Adding a New Pump

......................................................................................................................................................... 457MultiPhase Pumps Database......................................................................................................................................... 458Pumps Database......................................................................................................................................... 459Adding a New Pump

......................................................................................................................................................... 460Sucker Rod Pump......................................................................................................................................... 460Pump database

................................................................................................................................... 461Adding a New Pump......................................................................................................................................... 461Sucker Rods Database

................................................................................................................................... 462Adding a New Sucker Rod

................................................................................................................................... 46311 Output .......................................................................................................................................................... 464Report ......................................................................................................................................................... 464Setting Up the Reporting System......................................................................................................................................................... 464Reports.......................................................................................................................................................... 478Export ......................................................................................................................................................... 479Export Setup.......................................................................................................................................................... 481Plot ......................................................................................................................................................... 482Plot Command Summary

................................................................................................................................... 48512 Units .......................................................................................................................................................... 485Units Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 486Unit Systems......................................................................................................................................................... 487Changing Unit Systems for some variables......................................................................................................................................................... 487Changing the Units......................................................................................................................................................... 488Validation Limits

PROSPERIX

.......................................................................................................................................................... 488Units Details

.......................................................................................................................................................... 489Units Reset ................................................................................................................................... 48913 Wizard

.......................................................................................................................................................... 489Running the Wizard

.......................................................................................................................................................... 490Creating/Editing a Wizard ......................................................................................................................................................... 491Notes of OS strings......................................................................................................................................................... 492Wizard examples

................................................................................................................................... 49214 Help .......................................................................................................................................................... 493Finding Information in Help ......................................................................................................................................................... 493Use the Search feature in Help......................................................................................................................................................... 493Use the Help Index......................................................................................................................................................... 493Context Sensitive Help.......................................................................................................................................................... 493Accessing Help ......................................................................................................................................................... 493Help Through the Menu......................................................................................................................................................... 493Getting Help Using the Mouse......................................................................................................................................................... 494Getting Help Using the Keyboard......................................................................................................................................................... 494To Minimise Help

.......................................................................................................................................................... 0Whats New .......................................................................................................................................................... 494Flow Correlations .......................................................................................................................................................... 494Open Server .......................................................................................................................................................... 494Help About PROSPER .......................................................................................................................................................... 495Web Options

................................................................................................................................... 49515 Appendix .......................................................................................................................................................... 495B - References ......................................................................................................................................................... 495PVT Calculations

......................................................................................................................................... 497CO2 Injection

......................................................................................................................................... 497PVT Separator Pressure......................................................................................................................................................... 499IPR Calculations......................................................................................................................................................... 500Multiphase Flow Calculations......................................................................................................................................................... 501Temperature Calculations......................................................................................................................................................... 502Artificial Lift Design.......................................................................................................................................................... 503C - Equations ......................................................................................................................................................... 503Black Oil Model for Condensate

......................................................................................................................................... 503Mass Balance Calculations

......................................................................................................................................... 506Using the mass balance results to define Condensate Model

......................................................................................................................................... 508Estimation of CGRmin......................................................................................................................................................... 509Multiphase Pseudo Pressure......................................................................................................................................................... 511Temperature Models

......................................................................................................................................... 512Rough Approximation Temperature Model................................................................................................................................... 513Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

......................................................................................................................................... 514Enthalpy Balance................................................................................................................................... 520Default Thermal Properties Database

......................................................................................................................................................... 522Choke Calculation

......................................................................................................................................................... 523Multi-Phase Flow Correlations.......................................................................................................................................................... 523D - Dietz Shape Factors .......................................................................................................................................................... 525E - File Formats ......................................................................................................................................................... 525Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 525External PVT Tables......................................................................................................................................................... 527Lift Curves......................................................................................................................................................... 528IPR......................................................................................................................................................... 529ESP PUMPS......................................................................................................................................................... 530ESP MOTORS......................................................................................................................................................... 531ESP CABLES

XContents

PROSPER ManualMay, 2009

......................................................................................................................................................... 532HSP PUMPS

......................................................................................................................................................... 533HSP TURBINES.......................................................................................................................................................... 534F - Glossary

.......................................................................................................................................................... 0G - IPM Compositional .......................................................................................................................................................... 544H - Importing Data from Text Files

Chapter 3 Examples Guide 550................................................................................................................................... 5501 Prosper Tutorials

.......................................................................................................................................................... 552Tutorial 00: Integrated Oil Well Model ......................................................................................................................................................... 553Objectives......................................................................................................................................................... 553Statement of the Problem......................................................................................................................................................... 553General Approach......................................................................................................................................................... 553Available Data & Information

......................................................................................................................................... 555PVT Data from the lab

......................................................................................................................................... 556Well Equipment Data (Tubing etc)

......................................................................................................................................... 558Inflow Performance Data

......................................................................................................................................... 559Multi-Rate Well Test Data......................................................................................................................................................... 559Model Construction: Step by Step Procedure......................................................................................................................................................... 576Well Test Analysis: Step by Step......................................................................................................................................................... 595Sensitivity Runs.......................................................................................................................................................... 600Tutorial 01: Modelling a dry and wet gas producer ......................................................................................................................................................... 601Statement Of The Problem......................................................................................................................................................... 601PVT Input Data......................................................................................................................................................... 601System Equipment Input Data

......................................................................................................................................... 601Deviation survey

......................................................................................................................................... 602Surface Equipment

......................................................................................................................................... 602Down hole Equipment

................................................................................................................................