by:

Rudy A. ArifinHead of Subdirectorate of Municipal Solid Waste Management

Prospects for the Application of Anaerobic Digestion Process to Treat Municipal Solid Waste/MSW

in Indonesia

National Workshop on Pro-Poor and Sustainable Waste Management

in Secondary Cities and Small Town

Directorate of Environmental Sanitation DevelopmentDirectorate General of Human Settlements

Ministry of Public Works and HousingRepublic of Indonesia

2014

national policy and strategy

I N D O N E S I A Population 2012 : 244,723,038, with annual growth rate 1.49 % Area : 5,180,053 km2

Number of provinces : 34 Number of cities/districts : 511 Number of metropolitan/big/medium cities: 10/13/56 Daily MSW generation in urbanized area: 76,305 tons

ARAS SPASIAL TUJUAN PENDEKATAN RUANG LINGKUP KEGIATAN KETERPADUAN PROGRAM

1. Regional To handle in the regional level between cities or districts

To develop a regional handling

MSW treatment plant Regional landfill

Clean Development Mechanism/Kyoto Protocol

Waste to Energy

2. City To improve the level of coverage and performance of MSWhandling system, to achieve the minimum level standard of service

To improve the access to service

To assist the construction of MSW treatment plant with sanitary landfill process

To assist the improvement of overall MSW handling system

To assist the development of MSW at the city/district level

IUIDP (Integrated Urban Infrastructure Development Program)

Adipura prize for city cleanliness

3. Community To reduce the MSW quantity and polution potential, for optimizing the transport and further treatment processes

To reduce and partially treat MSW

To facilitate the construction of 3R infrastructures

To provide the collection and transportation infrastructures

Priority area (KADAL program), regional economic development (KAPET program), real estate program, and MSW treatment plant program

4. Neighbourhood To enforce reduce, reuse, and recycle of the MSW

To enforce the community involvement

To educate from school level

To disseminate the campaign for MSWseparation at the MSW source

To endorse the 3R activity Pilot project of 3R

infrastructures

Green & Clean Cityprogram

5. Household To reduce the quantity of organic MSW from the source of MSWgeneration

To treat organic MSW to solid compost

To endorse the composting process or organic MSW at the household level

Composting of organic MSW program

The Levels ofMSW Handling System

Spatial Goal Approach Activity Compatibility

The Paradigm ofMSW Handling System in Indonesia

OLD NEW

MSW

Collection

Transport

Disposal

Reduce

Reuse MSW Recycle

Residue

Transport

Treatment

MSWHANDLING

SYSTEM

TECHNOLOGY

FINANCIAL ORGANIZATION

LEGALCOMMUNITY

INVOLVEMENT

Aspects inMSW Handling System

Target based on the Medium Term National Development Plan 2010-20141. To increase the MSW collection by 75%.2. To increase the performance of landfills in 210

cities.3. To reduce MSW quantity and polution

potential.

Program1. To promote 3R (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle)

activities .2. To educate through campaign.3. To enhance institutional development.4. To optimize and develop MSW infrastructures.5. To revitalize landfill and apply the regional

system for landfill.6. To promote private investment.

Policy1. To reduce MSW generation rate and

polutant potential, from household level.2. To increase the role of community and

private sector as a partner in MSWhandling.

3. To increase the service coverage and performance of MSW handling system.

4. To develop the institution and legal aspects.

5. To find the alternative of financial resources.

Policy at the National Level

To optimize the use of existing infrastructures.

To increase the service coverage.

To increase the capacity of MSW infrastructure.

To revitalize the landfill.

To optimize the current landfill process towards controlled landfill (for small and medium cities) and sanitary landfill (for big and metropolitan cities).

To increase the implementation of regional landfill.

To perform research in appropriate and environmental friendly technologies.

Strategy at the National Level

In line with the Ministry of Public Works Strategic Plan.

Listed in the cities’/regencies’ Medium Term Investment Plan Document.

Listed in the City Sanitation Strategy (Program Memorandum is preferred)

In line with the duty of the Directorate General of Human Settlements.

Other criterion:

The availability of managing institution.

The availability of land, detail engineering design, and environmental impact assesment.

MoU between local governments (for regional landfill).

Readiness Criterion to GetTechnical Assistance from Central Government – (1)

Commitment to optimize the existing infrastructures.

Commitment from the Local Government to:

Sign the MoU and allocate adequate funding for institution strengthening as well as for operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation of the infrastructures.

Developing and/or provide supporting infrastructures.

Prepare the Loan Proposal and Loan Acceptance by the Local Government.

Clarify the performance indicators, as well as the program output and outcome.

Readiness Criterion to GetTechnical Assistance from Central Government – (2)

MSW treatment plants

(communal base vs institutional base)

As the policy of Ministry of Public Works, in regards to provide the basic need, thus landfill technology has currently been selected as the most efficient technology that can be affordably operated by Municipalities

An urge to provide other technologies than landfill, has marked the construction of institutional base MSW treatment plants, as has been constructed in Kota Bima, Kota Banda Aceh, and Kota Tangerang Selatan, as prototype

However, Ministry of Public Works pushes the construction of institutional base MSW treatment plants that can generate income in an adequate amount, to the private parties through the PPP scheme

From these perspectives, Ministry of Public Works focuses on the communal base MSW treatment plants, with the capacity to serve 100-200 households/day or equal to 1.5-3.0 m3 of mixed MSW/day

Communal Base vs Institutional Base

MSW treatment plants

(institutional base)

In Kota Bima, Nusa Tenggara Barat

capacity 20 m3 of shredded organic MSW/day

MSW treatment plants

(communal base)

The scarcity of land in cities for construction of landfill, as the solely centralized MSW treatment plants

The need to push the technological concept “the highest ratio between MSW treatment capacity within the smallest requirement of areas, in affordable cost and ability to be operated-maintained-rehabilitated”

The initial step through the aerobic (windrow composting) process, that has been commonly practised and spread in almost 500 locations all over Indonesia, with the communal-base mechanisms

Passive aerobic process would not be able to cope the small requirement of space, due to the shallow organic waste heap height as the limiting factor

The process modification through anaerobic process that can be more resilient in term of organic waste heap height, enriched with the double-stage anaerobic process to enhance the process performance

Additional by-products can be harvested through anaerobic process, such as biogas, as the renewable energy source, that can be used as the partial substitution of energy for cooking purposes, with the communal base mechanism

Process Selection

Aerobic (Windrow Composting) Process

capacity 0.5 m3 of shredded organic MSW/day

MSW treatment plants with communal base:

module SIKIPAS

(SIstem Komunal

Instalasi Pengolahan Anaerobik Sampah)

leachatecollectionunit

hydrolysis unit

leachate resirculationunit

biogas generation unit

electricity generationunit

biogasmeasurementunit

biogascombustionunit

20 days of anaerobic process + 20 days of aerobic process

adjusted pHto 6.5-7.5

liquidcompost

solidcompost

biogas

Process Flow

Process Specification

operating capacity

types of MSW

process

detention time

by-products generation potential

energy conversion potential

space requirements

operation-maintenenacecost

GHG emission tackled potential

1 m3/day ; 0.6 ton/day ; 400 households/day ; 2,000 inhabitants /day

shredded organic waste

combination of anaerobic and aerobic process

20 days (anaerobic) + 20 days (aerobic)

solid compost (300 kg/day), liquid compost (150 liters/day), and biogas (97.5 m3/day)

121.8 kWh (netto) ≈ average requirements of energy in each house (in Indonesia) for 10 days

1,350 m2 (including supportive units)

IDR 20,000/household/month

825.6 kg CO2(eq)/day

Comparison with Other Processes

indicatoranaerobic process

(Module SIKIPAS)

aerobic process

(Windrow Composting)vermicomposting

detention time (days) 40 40 15

area requirements for

main process units (m2)30 40 33.75

ratio of operating

capacity and area

requirements for main

process units (m3 of

organic MSW/day/m2 of

space)

0.050 0.0375 0.042

investment cost (IDR) 400-525 millions 400-525 millions 400-525 millions

annual operation-

maintenance cost

(IDR/year)

30-55 millions 20-45 millions 30-55 millions

(excluded the helminth)

In Army Special Task Force Headquarters, Jakarta

capacity 1 m3 of shredded organic MSW/day

In Cipinang Detention Centre, Jakarta

capacity 1 m3 of shredded organic MSW/day

Achievements

periods achievements

September 2011 Directorate of Environmental Sanitation Development planned to improve the performance of TPS 3R

January 2012 named as Modul SIKIPAS and the design was presented in MDGS exhibition in Balai Kartini, Jakarta

Februariy2012 design was presented in Clean Ciliwung River Exhibition, Jakarta

May 2012 design was presented in World Water Day Exhibition in Ministry of Public Works, Jakarta

September 2012 the completion of construction and commissioning in Army Special Task Force Headquarter, Jakarta

October 2012 design was presented in Asian Pacific Landfill Symposium (APLAS) Bali 2012, Bali

December 2013 the completion of construction and commissioning in Cipinang Detention Centre, Jakarta

May 2014 design was presented in World Water Day Exhibition in Ministry of Public Works, Jakarta

August 2014 design was presented in 24th EAROPH (Eastern Regional Organization for Planning and Human Settlements) World Congress, Jakarta

October 25th, 2014 got 2nd rank (category of appropriate technology) in National Construction Award 2014, which was awarded by Minister of Public Works

November 13rd-15th, 2014

design (3D mimic diagram) is presented in Bandung Institute of Technology alumni commemoration (class of 1974), Bandung

Appreciation

thank you .....