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Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17

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Page 1: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Properties of Ocean WaterChapter 17

Page 2: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Oceanography• The scientific

study of the oceans and the life within the oceans.

Page 3: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

4 Oceans• Pacific• Atlantic• Indian• Arctic

Page 4: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

The Physical Geography of the Sea

• Book written by Matthew Fontaine Maury in 1855 from logbooks of sea captains.

• Contained charts of winds and currents.

• First scientific book written in English about the oceans.

Page 5: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Challenger• 1872, 4 year voyage

resulting in a 50 volumes of reports as to depths, water and sediment samples, temperatures, plant and animal specimens and ocean currents.

Page 6: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

JOIDES Resolution• Seagoing drilling

platform. • Designed to sample

rocks and sediments of seafloor.

• Can remain in the same spot while drilling into the seafloor by help of computers.

Page 7: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Alvin• Tiny, battery powered

submarine. • Can ascend to depths

of 4000 meters with 3 people.

• Can collect samples, take temperature readings, electric conductivity, and dissolved oxygen readings.

Page 8: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Argo• Undersea sled

that carries powerful lights, undersea radar and cameras.

• Towed behind a ship.

Page 9: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

HMS Titanic• Dubbed the

“unsinkable”, hit an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage from England to the U.S in 1912.

Page 10: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Jason, Jr. or J.J• Small robot

submarine carried by Alvin. Lights and cameras onboard.

Page 11: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Salinity• The measure of

dissolved solids found in seawater.

• Mostly sodium chloride. (NaCI)

Page 12: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Electrical Conductivity

• A method of determining salinity in ocean water.

• The higher the salinity, the greater the current.

Page 13: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Water Masses• The mass of a body

of water is determined by its source region.

• When both temperature and salinity are known, density can be determined.

Page 14: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Mixed Layer• Also known as the surface

layer, thickness depends on latitude.

• At high latitudes and the equator about 100 meters, mid-latitudes as thick as 300 meters.

• Winds and waves mix the heat evenly throughout the zone.

• Only present where sunlight is abundant enough to grow phytoplankton.

Page 15: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Thermocline• Area of rapid

temperature change at around 1000 meters in the ocean.

• Water temperature can drop to as low as 2oC.

Page 16: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Phytoplankton• Most important

group of microscopic plants in the mixed layer that float and drift with the waves and currents.

• Basic food source for the ocean, make food through photosynthesis.

Page 17: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Diatoms• Most abundant

type of phytoplankton.

• One celled organisms that build thick shells made of silica.

Page 18: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Zooplankton• Microscopic

animals that eat phytoplankton and in turn are eaten by everything from tiny fish to the great whales.

Page 19: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Nekton• “Swimmers” an

ocean animal that can propel itself to escape predation, catch food and reproduce.

Page 20: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Benthos• “Attachers” • Animals that

attach to other organisms or solid surfaces to survive.

Page 21: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Black Smokers• Ocean floor vents, hot

water mixes with the iron sulifade (hydrogen) surrounding the vent to turn black in color. 380 degrees Celsius.

• Temperatures occur when water comes in contact with hot basaltic rock and dissolves minerals and gases into the water.

Page 22: Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. Oceanography The scientific study of the oceans and the life within the oceans

Mining of Sea Water

• There are 55 known elements in sea water including gold, silver, copper and uranium.

• All are found in extremely small amounts, less than 4 parts per trillion.

• Mining of these would not be profitable. • Magnesium is the exception. Mg can be extracted

from ocean water more easily than the process on land. (Evaporation of sea water)