properties of matter power point
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Properties of matter
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/
642089/Properties-of-Matter
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General Properties of
Matter
Matter is anything thathas mass and volume
Everything is made ofmatter
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What are properties?
Characteristics used todescribe an object
Ex: color, odor, shape,size, texture,hardness
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General Properties of
matter
Mass, weight, volume,and density
Properties are used toidentify a substance
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What is mass?
Mass is the amount ofmatter in an object
Mass is constantMass is also themeasure of inertia
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What is inertia?Inertia is theresistance of an object
to changes in itsmotion
The more mass thegreater the inertia
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Questions
How is mass related toinertia?
Why are properties ofan object important?
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Force and inertiaWhen an object is atrest, a force is
needed to overcomethe inertia to make itmove and to stop the
objects motion
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Question
Which object hasmore inertia, anempty wagon or one
loaded with rocks?Why?
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Question
What does a seatbeltdo for a passengerwhen a car stops
suddenly?
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Question
Why would thepassenger moveforward without the
restraining force ofthe belt?
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Question
What would stop apassenger if theseatbelt were not in
place?
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Question
What other safetyfeatures are presentin a car in responseto a persons inertia
in a moving vehicle?
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WeightThe measure of the forceof gravity on the mass ofan object
Weight changes withgravity
The metric unit forweight is a Newton (N)
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Weight formula1 kg = 2.2 poundsWeight is mass times gravity
(9.8 m/s2)
W= m x gWhat is your mass?What is your weight in
Newtons?
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What is gravity?The force of attraction
between objects is
gravityAll objects exert a
gravitational force on
each other
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QuestionWhy cant you feel theattraction between you
and other objects thesame way you are
pulled toward Earth?
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Gravitational pull
The greater the massof an object thegreater the
gravitational force
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Question
Why cant we feelthe pull of gravityfrom Jupiter even
though it is somassive?
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What affects gravity?The pull of gravityweakens as the
distance betweenobjects increases
gravity depends onmass and distance
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Gravity
The further an objectis from the center ofthe earth, the less
the object will weigh
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Question
Would you weigh less,more, or the same ontop of Mount Everest?
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Question
The moon is smallerthan the earth. Howwould your weight be
different on the moon?
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Questions
What are threeproperties of matterrelated to mass?
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Question
What is density andhow is it calculated?
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DensityThe density of water is1.0 g/ml
Objects with densitiesgreater than 1.0 will
sink in water
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Density
Objects withdensities less than1.0 g/ml will float on
water
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IceIce floats therefore it isless dense than water
Ice mostly remainsunderwater with only aportion of it being
exposed
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Astronomy fact!The planet Saturn hasa density of less than
1.0 g/ml. If there wasan ocean big enough to
hold it, it would float!
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Calculations
If 96.5 grams of goldhas a volume of 5cubic centimeters,
what is the density ofgold?
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Calculation
If 96.5 g of aluminumhas a volume of 35cm3, what is the
density of aluminum?
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CalculationIf the density of adiamond is 3.5 g/cm3,
what would be themass of a diamondwhose volume is 0.5
cm3?
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What is specific gravity?
A comparison of thedensity of asubstance and thedensity of water is
specific gravity
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Questions
How is densitydifferent from specificgravity?
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What is a physical property?
Physical propertiesare those that can beobserved withoutchanging the identity
of the substance
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Phases of matter(video)Four phases of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and
plasmasolids have a definite
shape and volume
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Solid particle arrangement
Solids are tightly packedand the particles vibrate
Two types of solids arecrystalline and
amorphous
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Types of solidsCrystalline solids arearranged in repeating
patterns calledcrystals (salt, sugar)
Amorphous solids canlose their shape
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Examples of amorphous solids
Tar, candle wax, glass Shape changes undercertain conditions(differences in
temperature)
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Liquid particle arrangement
Liquids haveparticles that areclose together, but
are free to move
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Question
Describe the shapeof a liquid.
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Describe a liquid
Liquids do not have adefinite shape, butthey have a definite
volume
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Question
What happens whenone-liter of soda ispoured into a four-
liter container?
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Properties of liquidsLiquids do not expandto fill the volume of a
containerLiquids arecharacterized by their
ability to flow
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What is viscosity?The resistance of a liquid
to flow
The difficulty of a liquidto flow easily
Honey, motor oil, cornsyrup have a highviscosity
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Behavior of liquidsCohesion is the force of
attraction between LIKEparticles
Adhesion is the force ofattraction betweenUNLIKE particles
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Surface tension (video)
Tendency of particlesto pull together at thesurface of a liquid due
to cohesion
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Question
Describe the viscosityof a liquid.
Describe a liquidsshape.
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Questions
How is adhesiondifferent fromcohesion?
Explain surfacetension.
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Properties of gasesGases do not have adefinite shape or
volume (video)They fill all theavailable space in a
container
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Kinetic Molecular Theory of
Matter
Matter is made of tinyparticles in constantmotion
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Question
How are solids, liquids,and gases differentfrom one another?
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Gas lawsBoyles and Charles law
describe the behavior ofgases with changes intemperature, pressure,and volume
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Charles
LawAs the temperature of a
gas increases, thevolume of a gasincreases
Heating air causes it toexpand
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Question
How can you explainthe fact that gasparticles expand to
fill space?
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Pressure
The force that particlesof a substance (gas/liquid) will apply over a
certain area
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Boyle
s LawBoyles law describesthe relationshipbetween the volumeand pressure of gases
(constant temperature)
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Boyle
s lawIf the volume of a gasdecreases, then the
pressure of a gasincreases (Boyles law)
The smaller the spacea gas occupies, themore pressure
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PlasmaPlasma (phase)most common phase in
the universe, dangerous,
very high energy (found in
stars)
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Question
What are the fourphases of matter?
Describe the plasmaphase of matter.
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Phase changes (video)
Phase changes inmatter are melting,freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation
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What is a physical change?Physical changes involve
the changing of physical
propertiesType of matter remains
the same
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Physical changes
Changing color,shape, phase,texture, hardness,
odor would be a
physical change
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Melting videoPhase change from asolid to a liquid
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Melting point
Temperature inwhich a solidchanges to a liquid
Physical property
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Questions
How is meltingdifferent from freezing?
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Vaporization
Phase change from aliquid to a gas
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Boiling point (video)The temperature in whicha liquid boils
Point at which a liquidchanges to a gas
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Freezing (video)Phase change of aliquid to a solid
The temperature inwhich this occurs is
the freezing point
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CondensationCondensation is thephase change from a
gas to a liquidSublimation is a phasechange from solid to a
gas
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Question
Describe a differencebetween condensationand vaporization.
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Sublimation examples
Dry ice and iodineare examples solidsthat undergo
sublimation
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Chemical propertiesDescribe how asubstance changes
into new substancesare chemicalproperties
Ex: flammability
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Chemical changesThe change of asubstance into a new anddifferent substance
Also known as achemical reaction
video
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