propaganda. propaganda has two types: simple propaganda systemic propaganda (propaganda model)

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Propaganda

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Page 1: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Propaganda

Page 2: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Propaganda has Two Types:

• Simple Propaganda

• Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Page 3: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Propaganda has Two Types:

• Simple Propaganda– Assertions in Media

• Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)– Omissions in Media

Page 4: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Propaganda has Two Types:

• Simple Propaganda– Assertions in Media– Targeted Messages

• Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)– Omissions in Media

Page 5: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Propaganda has Two Types:

• Simple Propaganda– Assertions in Media– Targeted Messages– Purposeful Transmission

• Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)– Omissions in Media– Non-Transmission

• Purposeful• Non-Purposeful

Page 6: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

“Propaganda is a systematic form of purposeful persuasion that attempts to influence the emotions, attitudes, opinions, and actions of specified target audiences for ideological, political or commercial purposes through the controlled transmission of one-sided messages (which may or may not be factual) via mass and direct media channels.”

Richard Alan Nelson, A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States, 1996

Page 7: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 8: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 9: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 10: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 11: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 12: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)
Page 13: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 14: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)
Page 15: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 16: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 17: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 18: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 19: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)
Page 20: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)
Page 21: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 22: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Obama Girl

Page 23: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 24: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 25: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 26: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 27: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda?

Page 28: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Are Either of these Propaganda?

Page 29: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Are Either of these Propaganda?

Page 30: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Simple Propaganda

Page 31: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Singular Existential Threat

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Page 32: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Singular Existential Threat

“The art of leadership, as displayed by really great popular leaders in all ages, consists in consolidating the attention of the people against a single adversary and taking care that nothing will split up that attention into sections. The more the militant energies of the people are directed towards one objective the more will new recruits join the movement, attracted by the magnetism of its unified action, and thus the striking power will be all the more enhanced.”

—Hitler in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Page 33: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Singular Existential Threat

“The leader of genius must have the ability to make different opponents appear as if they belonged to the one category; for weak and wavering natures among a leader's following may easily begin to be dubious about the justice of their own cause if they have to face different enemies.”

—Hitler in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Page 34: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Accusations are Reflections

“As a general principle, Jewry carries on its campaign in the various countries by the use of arguments that are best calculated to appeal to the mentality of the respective nations and are most likely to produce the desired results; for Jewry knows what the public feeling is in each country.”

—Hitler in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Page 35: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Omnipresent Enemy

“Hence it is that at the present time the Jew is the great agitator for the complete destruction of Germany. Whenever we read of attacks against Germany taking place in any part of the world the Jew is always the instigator.”

—Hitler in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Page 36: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Anti-Americanism(as global propaganda)

Page 37: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

A Sad Story:“America must be behind it…”

Page 38: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Systemic Propaganda(Propaganda Model)

Page 39: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

How many Iraqi civilianshave died in the Iraq War?

• 9,000

• 50,000

• 92,000

• 151,000

• 655,000

• 1,033,000 (total: civilians, soldiers, insurgents)

Page 40: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

How many Iraqi civilianshave died in the Iraq War?

• 9,000

• 50,000

• 92,000 (Iraq Body Count)

• 151,000 (WHO, 2008)

• 655,000 (John Hopkins University, 2006)

• 1,033,000 (ORB survey of Iraq War casualties)

Page 41: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

How many U.S. soldiersdied in Vietnam?

• 6,000

• 58,217

• 110,342

• 164,450

• 240,000

Page 42: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

How many U.S. soldiersdied in Vietnam?

• 6,000

• 58,217• 110,342

• 164,450

• 240,000

Page 43: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

But what has been omitted from these numbers?

• http://civilians.info/iraq/

Page 44: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

The Propaganda Model

• Systemic biases in the mass media

• Explains them in terms of structural economic causes

• Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman

Page 45: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

The Propaganda Model:

The Five Filters

• Ownership of the medium

• Medium's funding sources

• Sourcing

• Flak

• Anti-communist ideology

Page 46: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

The Propaganda Model:

The Five Filters

• Ownership of the medium– Corporations– To survive they must maximize profit and thus

sacrifice news objectivity

Page 47: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

The Propaganda Model:

The Five Filters

• Ownership of the medium

• Medium's funding sources– Advertising– Interests of advertisers come before reporting

the news– the news itself is nothing more than "filler" to

get privileged readers to see the advertisements

Page 48: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

The Propaganda Model:

The Five Filters• Ownership of the medium• Medium's funding sources• Sourcing

– Need for continuous flow of information– Government bodies

• provide them with facilities in which to gather • give journalists advance copies of speeches and

forthcoming reports • schedule press conferences to meet news deadlines • Media savvy language

Page 49: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

The Propaganda Model:

The Five Filters

• Ownership of the medium

• Medium's funding sources

• Sourcing

• Flak– negative responses to a media statement or

program• En masse• White House• Political Campaigns

Page 50: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

The Propaganda Model:

The Five Filters• Ownership of the medium• Medium's funding sources• Sourcing• Flak• Anti-communist ideology

– anti-ideology– exploit fear and hatred of nemesis

• fundamentally compromised due to fall of USSR

– Replaced with anti-terrorism

Page 51: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Is Wikipedia Propaganda?

What we are witnessing today, is the alarming rise of the fallacy of the infallible collective. Numerous elite organizations have been swept off their feet by the idea. They are inspired by the rise of the Wikipedia, by the wealth of Google and by the rush of entrepreneurs to be the most Meta. Government agencies, top corporate planning departments and major universities have all gotten the bug. This is digital Maoism.

—Jaron Lanierhttp://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/lanier06/lanier06_index.html

Page 52: Propaganda. Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

What Media is Not Propaganda?

• Newspapers? Which ones?

• TV news? TV shows?

• Hollywood fictional films?

• Blogs?

• Wikipedia?

• Google search results?

• Personal communication?