promoting alternative energy: challenges for donors dr. parvaiz naim senior country advisor kfw...
TRANSCRIPT
Promoting Alternative Energy:
Challenges for Donors
Dr. Parvaiz NaimSenior Country Advisor KfW Office Islamabad
3rd International Conference on Alternative Energy & Power
Karachi Expo Centre March 28, 2009
20-20-20 Targets
By the year 2020
• 20% reduction in GHG emission
• 20% reduction in Energy Demand
• 20% share of RE in Energy Consumption(EU March 2007)
By the year 2050
Carbon-Neutral Power Supply(Euroelectric March 2009)
Donor interest growing!
$500 million/year available for RE
Top 3 sources:
• KfW ($180 million)• World Bank ($110 million)• GEF ($100 million)
(World Watch Institute, USA)
Why Off-Grid options?
• Donors supported WAPDA unbundling; discouraged tariff subsidies
• DISCOs run as corporate entities; prefer feeding profitable localities
• Far-flung areas largely on their own
• Donors see off-grid options
as good solution for improving
access to electricity
Electrical POWER
• Myth: Electricity improves livelihoods opportunities
• Reality: True only when
sufficient electrical power
available for
productive use
Space lighting only.. counter productive?
• Villagers make maximum use of daylight
• Electrical space light push working hours beyond normal daylight hours
• Increased workload on women
• Need for careful assessment
of technology influence on social changes
Best example
• Solar-powered pumps used for groundwater extraction (no storage batteries used)
Lesson-1: Assess Needs
• Solar communal system of lights difficult to manage
Imbalanced use
drains power
e.g in Balochistan
Lesson-2: Matching components
• Higher voltage PV panels can fry the batteries, bust bulbs (e.g in a 100-Solar Home Project Ali Pur Frash, ICT)
• Lack of Charge Controller ( e.g Parking Area light system across the street from PM House)
Lesson-3: Know your battery
• One R&D institution refused to evaluate locally manufactured batteries when the local industries were eager to provide free samples for such tests,
even when provided with
test procedure and
observation recording protocol
… that too in Urdu Language!
Know your battery
Lesson-4: Charge thy batteries well
• Use hybrid Battery Charging System making use of sun, wind and/or fossil fuel based electrical generator for recharging batteries in cloudy season.
• Storage battery-based system should be seen as an Interim arrangement until a more robust system becomes available.
Lesson-5: User Friendliness• Systems difficult for women to manage
must be avoided – e.g in biogas plants, heavy steel floating drum is difficult for women in a household to service. Fiber glass or fixed dome tech better
• System requiring periodic repair & maintenance by a highly qualified person should be avoided; in small scale projects, it is not cost effective to engage staff with high remuneration demand.
Lesson-6: Situation specific solution
• No need to break vertical fall of water to set up a Canal Flow system (e.g Kaplan turbine in Taxila)
Donors’ Challenge - 1
• Supporting technology identification appropriate for meeting expressed needs of a given community
• Community Acceptance of
introduced technology
Donors’ Challenge - 2
Finding partner organizations having:
• (a) Technical expertise• (b) managerial expertise, and • (c) experience in interfacingwith local communities for effectiveutilization of any newly introducedtechnology
Donors’ Challenge - 3
• Ensuring that the introduced technology is sustained by the communities
beyond the life of the
donor-supported project
Donors’ Challenge - 4
• Ensuring that the total sum of economic benefits to the target families due to the introduced technology
weighs more than
simply distributing
the funds in cash
to the families!
Take-home Message
Until a perfect solution is found….
Take-home Message
Until a perfect solution is found….
MARCH ON!