prokaryote vs eukaryote
TRANSCRIPT
Prokaryotic Cells Vs. Prokaryotic Cells Vs. Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells
Now that we have learned how living Now that we have learned how living things are organized what’s next?things are organized what’s next?
We will learn more about the lowest level We will learn more about the lowest level of organization: cellsof organization: cells
What is the first thing that we need to know What is the first thing that we need to know about cells?about cells?
All cells fall into one of the two major All cells fall into one of the two major classifications of either prokaryotic or classifications of either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. eukaryotic.
What’s the difference between What’s the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells were here first and for were here first and for billions of years were the only form of life billions of years were the only form of life on Earth. All on Earth. All prokaryoticprokaryotic organisms are organisms are unicellularunicellular
Eukaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells appeared on earth long appeared on earth long after after prokaryotic cells prokaryotic cells but they are much but they are much more advanced. more advanced. EukaryoticEukaryotic organisms organisms unlike unlike prokaryoticprokaryotic can be can be unicellularunicellular or or multicellularmulticellular. .
Glow in Glow in the the
dark dark squid… squid…
how how does it does it
do do that?that?
Vibrio Vibrio fischerifischeri
Glow in Glow in the dark the dark bacteriabacteria
Helps it Helps it survive in survive in the oceanthe ocean
Lives in Lives in fish and fish and other other marine marine lifelife
Let’s Take a Look at the Let’s Take a Look at the Characteristics of ProkaryotesCharacteristics of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell. Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell.
Oldest type of cell appeared about four billion Oldest type of cell appeared about four billion years ago.years ago.
Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms
Prokaryotes unicellular organisms that are found Prokaryotes unicellular organisms that are found in all environments. in all environments.
Let’s Take a Look at the Let’s Take a Look at the Characteristics of ProkaryotesCharacteristics of Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane . Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane . Their circular shaped genetic material dispersed Their circular shaped genetic material dispersed throughout cytoplasm.throughout cytoplasm.
Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles .organelles .
Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure. Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure.
Prokaryotes are smaller in size when compared to Prokaryotes are smaller in size when compared to Eukaryotes.Eukaryotes.
Shapes of ProkaryotesShapes of ProkaryotesCocci = Cocci =
spherical spherical (round)(round)
Bacillus = Bacillus = (rod (rod shaped)shaped)
Spirilla = Spirilla = helical helical (spiral)(spiral)
What do prokaryotic cell look What do prokaryotic cell look like?like?
Now let’s take a look at the Now let’s take a look at the characteristics of eukaryotescharacteristics of eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells appeared approximately one Eukaryotic cells appeared approximately one billion years ago billion years ago
Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes prokaryotes
Nuclear membrane surrounds linear genetic Nuclear membrane surrounds linear genetic material (DNA)material (DNA)
Is there more? Yes!!!Is there more? Yes!!!
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have several Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have several different parts.different parts.
Prokaryote’s organelles have coverings known Prokaryote’s organelles have coverings known as as membranes.membranes.
EukaryotesEukaryotes have a complex internal structure. have a complex internal structure.
Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes in size .Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes in size .
What do eukaryotic cells look What do eukaryotic cells look like?like?Mitochondria
Nucleus
Golgi Complex
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?ProkaryotesProkaryotes Organelles lack a Organelles lack a
membranemembrane
Ribosomes are the Ribosomes are the only organellesonly organelles
Genetic material floats Genetic material floats in the cytoplasm (DNA in the cytoplasm (DNA and RNA)and RNA)
EukaryotesEukaryotes Organelles covered Organelles covered
by a membraneby a membrane
Multiple organelles Multiple organelles including ribosomesincluding ribosomes
Membrane covered Membrane covered Genetic material Genetic material
How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?ProkaryotesProkaryotes Circular DNACircular DNA
UnicellularUnicellular
Cells are smaller in sizeCells are smaller in size
Has larger number of Has larger number of organismsorganisms
EukaryotesEukaryotes Linear DNALinear DNA
May be multicellular or May be multicellular or unicellularunicellular
Cells are larger in sizeCells are larger in size
Has smaller number Has smaller number of organismsof organisms
How do the differences line up?How do the differences line up?
ProkaryotesProkaryotes Appeared 4 billion Appeared 4 billion
years agoyears ago
EukaryotesEukaryotes Appeared 1 billion Appeared 1 billion
years agoyears ago
How do the similarities line up?How do the similarities line up?
Lets See!!!Lets See!!! Both types of cells have Both types of cells have
cell membranes (outer cell membranes (outer covering of the cell)covering of the cell)
Both types of cells have Both types of cells have ribosomesribosomes
Both types of cells have Both types of cells have DNADNA
Both types of cells have a Both types of cells have a liquid environment known liquid environment known as the cytoplasmas the cytoplasm
Your turn:Your turn:Make a Venn Diagram outlining the Make a Venn Diagram outlining the
similarities and differences between similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotesprokaryotes and eukaryotes
You may use your book and/or consult You may use your book and/or consult your teammateyour teammate