projecting contact matrices in 177 geographical regions ... · 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30...
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Projecting contact matrices in 177 geographical regions: an updateand comparison with empirical data for the COVID-19 era
Supplementary Material
Kiesha Prem, Kevin van Zandvoort, Petra Klepac, Rosalind M Eggo, Nicholas G Davies,Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working Group,
Alex R Cook, Mark Jit∗
Contents1 Materials and methods 1
1.1 Population age structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Household age structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 Working population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 School-going population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 Age- and location-specifc contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.6 Age- and location-specifc contacts by rural and urban areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.7 Age-stratified compartmental model of the physical distancing interventions for COVID-19 . 8
2 Results 102.1 Household age matrix (HAM) validation for POLYMOD and DHS countries . . . . . . . . . . 102.2 Household age matrix (HAM) urban and rural comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282.3 Updated age- and location-specifc contact matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712.4 Comparison of the empirical and 2017 synthetic age-specific contact matrices in ten geographical
regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2492.5 Age-specifc infection attack rate of COVID-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
References 255
1 Materials and methods
1.1 Population age structure
The United Nations Population Division provides the population age composition in five-year age intervalsPa (i.e.,number of individuals in age group a) for the 177 geographical regions in this study [1]. They alsopresent the estimation of rural and urban population age compositions for the 177 geographical regions [2].
∗Correspondence to [email protected].
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1.2 Household age structure
1.2.1 Household data
We extracted the household data from POLYMOD contact study [3]—for the eight POLYMOD countries:Belgium, Germany, Finland, the United Kingdom, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Poland. TheDemographic Household Surveys (DHS) provides nationally-representative household surveys of the wholepopulation for several low- and middle-income countries [4]. Table 1 lists the 43 DHS countries included in thestudy. The largest survey conducted in India in 2015 included ~3 million individuals from ~600,000 households.The DHS also provides data for rural and urban areas, allowing us to derive rural-urban household agematrices.
1.2.2 Household age matrix (HAM)
To estimate the age-specific contacts at home for county c, we need to first construct the household age matrix(HAM) for country c. The HAM of country c, hca,α, represents the mean number of household members of ageα of an individual aged a. Although this can be easily derived for the 8 POLYMOD and 43 DHS countries, itis not straightforward for other countries or geographical regions without available household structure data.In Prem et al. [5], we provide detailed steps to project a country’s household age structure.
1. Population ratio matrices: For the 51 POLYMOD and DHS countries, we first derive their populationratio matrices Πc
a,α by dividing the elements of HAM (hca,α) by the proportion of the population ofcountry c aged a, P ca . The population ratio matrix of a country measures the propensity of having ahousehold member aged α for an individual aged a after adjusting for the population age structure.Because we know the population age composition for the 177 geographical regions, we can project theirHAM by extrapolating the relationship between P ca and hca,α as estimated from the POLYMOD andDHS countries, and applying that to the country’s population age profile. We could simply use themean population ratio matrix of the POLYMOD and DHS countries to derive the HAM of country c,hca,α, as follows P caΠc
a,α.2. HAM weights: However, as household age structures vary across countries in different stages of
development and with different demographics, we use 14 country characteristics from the World Bankand United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics (UIS)databases [6] to quantify the similarity of these 126 geographical regions (with no available householddata). The 14 country characteristics include gross domestic product per capita, total fertility rateand adolescent fertility rate, population density, population growth rate, under-five mortality rate,the life expectancy of males and females, mortality rates of males, risk of maternal death, mortalityfrom road traffic injury, the incidence of tuberculosis, as proxies for overall health, internet penetrationrate, and secondary school education attainment levels in the country. We then calculate the pairwiseEuclidean distances of each of the 14 standardized variables of these 126 geographical regions with the51 POLYMOD and DHS countries. We generated 10 000 bootstrap samples of the pairwise distancesbetween countries (between indicators) and selected the combination that maximized the correlationbetween P ca and
∑α P
cαhca,α. For each of the 126 geographical regions, the reciprocal of the bootstrapped
pairwise distances provides the weights which we then use to derive the weighted mean of the populationratio matrices of the 51 POLYMOD and DHS countries.
3. HAM projection: Using the derived weighted mean of the population ratio matrices, we project theHAM hca,α for geographical region c.
1.2.3 Household age matrix (HAM) validation for POLYMOD and DHS countries
In section 1.2.2, we describe the methods used to project the HAM of a country.
We perform internal validation using leave-one-out validation to verify that the HAM describing householdstructure could be reverse-engineered for the POLYMOD and DHS countries for which empirical household
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Table 1: Description of Demographic Household Surveys from 43 countries.Country Country Survey Survey Number of Number of
code? year Type households individuals
Afghanistan AFG 2015 Standard DHS 24395 203708Angola AGO 2015 Standard DHS 16109 74902Bangladesh BGD 2014 Standard DHS 17300 81624Benin BEN 2017 Standard DHS 14156 74673Bolivia (Plurinational State of) BOL 2008 Standard DHS 19564 77757
Cambodia KHM 2014 Standard DHS 15825 74122Cameroon CMR 2011 Standard DHS 14214 72622Chad TCD 2014 Standard DHS 17233 99620Colombia COL 2015 Standard DHS 44614 162459Congo COG 2011 Standard DHS 11632 51449
Democratic Republic of the Congo COD 2013 Standard DHS 18171 95949Dominican Republic DOM 2013 Standard DHS 11464 41267Ethiopia ETH 2016 Standard DHS 16650 75224Ghana GHA 2017 Standard DHS 11835 43945Guatemala GTM 2014 Standard DHS 21383 102510
Guinea GIN 2018 Standard DHS 7912 49543Guyana GUY 2009 Standard DHS 5632 22845Haiti HTI 2016 Standard DHS 13405 59547Honduras HND 2011 Standard DHS 21362 100555India IND 2015 Standard DHS 601509 2869043
Indonesia IDN 2017 Standard DHS 47963 197723Kenya KEN 2014 Standard DHS 36430 153840Kyrgyzstan KGZ 2012 Standard DHS 8040 35805Lesotho LSO 2014 Standard DHS 9402 40197Liberia LBR 2013 Standard DHS 9333 48219
Malawi MWI 2015 Standard DHS 26361 120492Maldives MDV 2016 Standard DHS 6050 32656Mali MLI 2018 Standard DHS 9510 54571Nepal NPL 2016 Standard DHS 11040 49064Niger NER 2012 Standard DHS 10750 64011
Nigeria NGA 2018 Standard DHS 40427 188010Pakistan PAK 2017 Standard DHS 14540 100869Peru PER 2012 Continuous DHS 27218 103211Philippines PHL 2017 Standard DHS 27496 120273Senegal SEN 2017 Continuous DHS 8380 78950
Sierra Leone SLE 2013 Standard DHS 12629 75299South Africa ZAF 2016 Standard DHS 11083 38850Timor-Leste TLS 2016 Standard DHS 11502 61496Togo TGO 2013 Standard DHS 9549 46577Uganda UGA 2016 Standard DHS 19588 91167
Viet Nam VNM 2005 Standard AIS 6337 26833Zambia ZMB 2018 Standard DHS 12831 65454Zimbabwe ZWE 2015 Standard DHS 10534 43706
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age matrices were available. The steps involve projecting that country’s household age structure as if itwere unknown (i.e., following steps 1–3 described in section 1.2.2) and then comparing against the empiricalhousehold data to assess the method’s performance.
1.3 Working population
We allow the number of age-specific contacts made at the workplace to depend on the age structure of theworkforce. To derive the working population matrices for each geographical location, we used the 2019labour force participation rate by sex and 5-year age groups wa for the 177 geographical regions from theInternational Labour Organization (ILO) [7] to compute a joint distribution of the working population, W.The working population, Wc, a square matrix with elements describing the probability of encounters betweentwo ages—a and α—in the workforce of country/geographical region c, is given by
Wca,α = wca × wcα.
After constructing the working population distribution of ages Wc, we project the age-specific contactpatterns in the workplace for non-POLYMOD countries.
1.4 School-going population
Similarly, for age-specific contact patterns at school, we construct the age-specific school-going population,including teachers, before projecting the contact patterns in schools. Information on enrolment rates, ageranges of students, pupil-to-teacher ratios by education levels (i.e. pre-primary, primary, secondary, andtertiary) were obtained from UIS [6] and the distribution of teachers by age from Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development (OECD) [8].
To project the school population, we perform the following steps:
1. Number of students estimation: We first estimate the proportion of students in each age intervalusing the country-specific enrolment rates and the starting and ending ages of students by educationlevel. Together with the population age structure P ca , we then estimate the number of students sca ageda in country c. We also estimate the number of students in each education level l, scl , for the educationlevels pre-primary, primary, secondary, and tertiary.
2. Number of teachers estimation: After estimating the number of students for each education levelin country c, scl , we use the country-specific pupil-to-teacher ratio to estimate the number of teachers foreach education level, l, tcl . Together with labour force participation rates by aged and the distributionof teachers by ages, we then estimate the number of teachers tca aged a in country c.
3. School-going population construction: We project the school population distribution of ages, asfollows:
Sca,α =(
sca∑i sci
+ tca∑i tci
)×(
scα∑i sci
+ tcα∑i tci
).
The elements of Sca,α present the probability of encounters between two ages within schools.
1.5 Age- and location-specifc contacts
In Prem et al. (2017) [5], we employed a Bayesian hierarchical modelling framework to estimate modellingto estimate the proclivity of age- and location-specific contact patterns in the POLYMOD countries. Theframework estimates both individual-level and population-level parameters and addresses the multi-levelstructure of the data, accounting for repeat measurements of contacts made in different settings by the sameindividual in the data. The parameter λLa,α is the key estimand in the model, and it quantifies typical contactrates between individuals of age groups a and α at location L. With the projected populations at home, work
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and school available for the 177 geographical regions (listed in Table 2), we can now deduce the possible age-and location-specific contact matrices:
• Age-specific contacts at home: Given the projected HAM hca,α for country c, we can now deducethe possible age-specific contact patterns at home for country c to be:
µH,ca,α = λHa,α × hca,α.
• Age-specific contacts in the workplace: Having projected the age-specific working populations forthe 177 geographical regions Wc
a,α, we can infer the age-specific contact in the workplace for country cby the following expression:
µW,ca,α = λWa,α × Wca,α × P cα
PPOLYMODα
.
• Age-specific contact in school: With the projected school-going population available for the 177geographical regions Sca,α, we can now deduce the possible age-specific contact patterns in school forcountry c, as follows:
µS,ca,α = λSa,α × Sca,α × P cαPPOLYMODα
.
• Age-specific contact ar other locations: We estimate the possible age-specific contacts at otherlocations (i.e., non-home, work, or school) for country c, as follows:
µO,ca,α = λOa,α × P cαPPOLYMODα
.
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Table 2: Geographical regions included in the studyRegions County code Regions County code
Afghanistan AFG Ecuador ECUAlbania ALB Egypt EGYAlgeria DZA El Salvador SLVAngola AGO Equatorial Guinea GNQArgentina ARG Eritrea ERI
Armenia ARM Estonia ESTAustria AUT Eswatini SWZAzerbaijan AZE Ethiopia ETHBahamas BHS Fiji FJIBahrain BHR Finland FIN
Bangladesh BGD France FRABarbados BRB Gabon GABBelarus BLR Gambia GMBBelgium BEL Georgia GEOBelize BLZ Germany DEU
Benin BEN Ghana GHABhutan BTN Greece GRCBolivia (Plurinational Stateof)
BOL Guatemala GTM
Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH Guinea GINBotswana BWA Guinea-Bissau GNB
Brazil BRA Guyana GUYBrunei Darussalam BRN Honduras HNDBulgaria BGR Hungary HUNBurkina Faso BFA Iceland ISLBurundi BDI India IND
Cabo Verde CPV Indonesia IDNCambodia KHM Iran (Islamic Republic of) IRNCameroon CMR Iraq IRQCanada CAN Ireland IRLCentral African Republic CAF Israel ISR
Chad TCD Italy ITAChile CHL Jamaica JAMChina CHN Jordan JORChina, Hong Kong SAR HKG Kazakhstan KAZChina, Macao SAR MAC Kenya KEN
Colombia COL Kuwait KWTComoros COM Kyrgyzstan KGZCongo COG Lao People’s Democratic
RepublicLAO
Costa Rica CRI Latvia LVACôte d’Ivoire CIV Lesotho LSO
Croatia HRV Liberia LBRCuba CUB Libya LBYCyprus CYP Lithuania LTUCzechia CZE Luxembourg LUXDem. People’s Republic ofKorea
PRK Madagascar MDG
Democratic Republic of theCongo
COD Malawi MWI
Denmark DNK Malaysia MYSDjibouti DJI Maldives MDVDominican Republic DOM Mali MLI
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Regions County code Regions County code
Malta MLT Sri Lanka LKAMauritania MRT State of Palestine PSEMauritius MUS Sudan SDNMexico MEX Suriname SURMongolia MNG Sweden SWE
Montenegro MNE Switzerland CHEMorocco MAR Syrian Arab Republic SYRMozambique MOZ Tajikistan TJKMyanmar MMR Thailand THANamibia NAM Timor-Leste TLS
Nepal NPL Togo TGONetherlands NLD Tonga TONNew Zealand NZL Trinidad and Tobago TTONicaragua NIC Tunisia TUNNiger NER Turkey TUR
Nigeria NGA Turkmenistan TKMNorth Macedonia MKD Uganda UGANorway NOR Ukraine UKROman OMN United Arab Emirates AREPakistan PAK United Kingdom GBR
Panama PAN United Republic of Tanzania TZAPapua New Guinea PNG United States of America USAParaguay PRY Uruguay URYPeru PER Uzbekistan UZBPhilippines PHL Vanuatu VUT
Poland POL Venezuela (BolivarianRepublic of)
VEN
Portugal PRT Viet Nam VNMPuerto Rico PRI Yemen YEMQatar QAT Zambia ZMBRepublic of Korea KOR Zimbabwe ZWE
Republic of Moldova MDARomania ROURussian Federation RUSRwanda RWASaint Lucia LCA
Saint Vincent and theGrenadines
VCT
Samoa WSMSao Tome and Principe STPSaudi Arabia SAUSenegal SEN
Serbia SRBSierra Leone SLESingapore SGPSlovakia SVKSlovenia SVN
Solomon Islands SLBSouth Africa ZAFSouth Sudan SSDSpain ESP
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1.6 Age- and location-specifc contacts by rural and urban areas
The population age structure at the various locations—in the household, workplaces, schools, generalcommunity—varies by rural and urban subregions of country. Hence, we would expect the contact patternswithin a country to also vary by rural and urban subregions. To account for these differences, we also stratifiedthe age- and location-specific contact matrices by rural-urban areas.
The United Nations Population Division provides the estimation of rural and urban population age compo-sitions for the 177 geographical regions [2]. The nationally-representative DHS household surveys providedata for rural and urban areas, allowing us to derive rural-urban HAM and project rural-urban HAM for thecountries with no available household data (following steps 1–3 described in section 1.2.2). ILO providestheage-specific labour force participation rates by rural and urban regions [9], allowing us to determine theworking population age structure, Wc
a,α, for country c by rural-urban subregions. Using the differences inrural and urban schools’ pupil-to-teacher from the OECD [10], we construct rural and urban school-goingpopulation age structures, Sca,α.
After projecting the populations at home, work and school for rural and urban subregions, we can thendeduce the possible age- and location-specific contact matrices following the steps detailed in section 1.5.
1.7 Age-stratified compartmental model of the physical distancing interven-tions for COVID-19
We adapt a discrete-time Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model [11,12]presented in Figure 1. The model population is closed, and it ignores all demographic changes in thepopulation (i.e., births, deaths, and ageing). The model stratifies the population into (i) disease states:susceptible, exposed (infected but not yet infectious), infectious (i.e., preclinical, clinical, or subclinical), andrecovered (or died/removed) states; and (ii) 5-year age groups until age 70 years and a single category aged≥ 75 years, resulting in 16 age bands.
We implement the model stochastically and allow it to select random values of parameters from the set ofuncertainty distributions presented in Table 3, adapted from [11,12].
Figure 1: Age-stratified stochastic SEIR model. Adapted from Davies et al. (2020) [11].
As described in [11,12], susceptible individuals might acquire the infection when they come in contact with an
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Table 3: Parameters of the age-stratified SEIR model.Description Values References
∆t Time step for simulation 0.25 days or 6 hoursdE Latent period in days dE ∼ Gamma(4, 4) [14–16]
Duration of infectiousness in daysdP (i) during the preclinical phase dP ∼ Gamma(1.5, 4) [17]dC (ii) during the clinical phase dC ∼ Gamma(3.5, 4) [14–16]dS (iii) during the subclinical phase dS ∼ Gamma(5.0, 4) Assumed to be the same as
the total duration ofinfectiousness for clinicalcases (i.e., dP + dC)
ya Probability of clinical symptoms on Age-dependent, as [18]infection for individuals aged a estimated in [18]
f Relative infectiousness of subclinical 50% Assumedcases
u Probability of transmission per contact Refer to text Derivedwith an infectious individual
Na Number of individuals aged a Demographic data [1]ca,α Number of contacts per day with Empirical and
individuals aged α by an individual synthetic contactage a matrices
R0 Basic reproduction number R0 ∼ Normal(2.6, 0.52) [13]Proportion of hospitalised cases requiring 30% [20]critical careDuration of disease in days(i) severe, non-critical disease ∼ Gamma(8, 8) NHS Digit(ii) severe, critical disease ∼ Gamma(10, 10) [20]Delay from symtom onset(i) to becoming a severe case (days) ∼ Gamma(7, 7) [19,20](i) to death (days) ∼ Gamma(22, 22) [19,21]
infectious person and enter the exposed disease state before they become infectious and later either recoveror die. The time step of the model is 6 hours. We assume age-specific mixing patterns of individuals altertheir likelihood of being exposed to the virus given a certain number of infectious people in the population.The force of infection defined as the rate at which susceptible individuals become exposed t, and is given byfor any age group a and time increment t as
λa,t = u×∑α
ca,α × IPα + ICα + f × ISαNα
where u is the probability of transmission per contact with an infectious person, ca,α denotes the number ofcontacts per day with individuals aged α by an individual in age group a per time increment (drawn from thecontact matrix), and (IPα +ICα +fISα)
Nαis the probability that any age α individual contacted is infectious, with f
denoting the relative infectiousness of subclinical cases, compared to clinical cases. The basic reproductionnumber R0 is defined as the average number of secondary infections generated by an infectious individual ina fully susceptible population, we calculated it as the absolute value of the dominant eigenvalue of the nextgeneration matrix, which was derived by linearising the system at epidemic equilibrium [13]. For any stochasticrun, u is derived from the ratio of this eigenvalue and the R0 value selected for that run. We considered sixcontact matrices when modelling the interventions to the COVID-19 pandemic: the empirically-constructedcontact matrices at the study-year and adjusted for the 2020 population, the 2017 synthetic matrices, andthe updated synthetic matrices at the national, rural, or urban settings.
The duration (in days) an individual spends in states E, IP , IC, or IS is drawn from distributions dE , dP ,dC and dS , respectively (Table 3) [14–17]. After the latency period, infected individuals are divided into
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clinical (symptomatic) and sub-clinical (asymptomatic) states with probability ya and 1 − ya, respectively[18]. Clinical individuals will first experience a preclinical phase where they are still infectious (denoted asIP in Figure 1), followed by a clinical and infectious phase (denoted as IC in Figure 1). We assume thatsubclinical individuals, represented as IS in Figure 1, are half as infectious as clinical cases. Clinical andsubclinical individuals have the same duration of infectiousness, and we assume that their clinical severity donot affect their infectiousness. These individuals will later recover or die, and we assume that all individualswho have recovered (or have left the infectious phase) are immune until the end of the simulations. Weaccount for delays in the transitions to different clinical disease states (such as symptom onset to severe case,critical or not; and from onset of severe symptoms to recovery or death) [19–21]. These delays are drawn fromdistributions reported in the literature; however, they do not change the force of infection or transmissibility.
2 Results
2.1 Household age matrix (HAM) validation for POLYMOD and DHS coun-tries
The empirical household age structures (i.e., from the data) and the modelled household age structures(i.e., the leave-one-out validation, assuming no available household data) for each POLYMOD and DHScountries are represented in the first and second panels respectively of the figures in this section. In the thirdpanel, a scatter plot of the entries in the observed (x-axis) and modelled (y-axis) HAM. Using the methodsdescribed in section 1.2.2, we reconstructed the empirical household age structures for the POLYMOD andDHS countries with high fidelity (median correlation between the observed and modelled HAM 0.92, with aninterquartile range 0.85–0.95).
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HAM of Belgium
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.83(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
HAM of Germany
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.8(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
HAM of Finland
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.79(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
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HAM of United Kingdom
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.85(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
HAM of Italy
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.7(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
HAM of Luxembourg
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.87(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
12
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HAM of Netherlands
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.8(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
HAM of Poland
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.54(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
HAM of Afghanistan
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.92(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
13
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HAM of Angola
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.93(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Bangladesh
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.88(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Benin
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.98(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
14
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HAM of Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.88(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Cambodia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.88(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Cameroon
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.97(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
15
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HAM of Chad
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.92(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
HAM of Colombia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.83(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
HAM of Congo
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.97(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
16
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HAM of Democratic Republic of the Congo
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.95(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Dominican Republic
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.88(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Ethiopia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.95(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
17
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HAM of Ghana
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.96(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Guatemala
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.95(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Guinea
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.95(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
18
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HAM of Guyana
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.83(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Haiti
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.96(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Honduras
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.95(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
19
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HAM of India
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.85(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Indonesia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.83(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Kenya
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.96(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
20
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HAM of Kyrgyzstan
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.86(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Lesotho
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.93(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Liberia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.97(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
21
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HAM of Malawi
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.94(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Maldives
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.73(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
HAM of Mali
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.93(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
22
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HAM of Nepal
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.92(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Niger
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.87(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
HAM of Nigeria
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.97(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
23
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HAM of Pakistan
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.95(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Peru
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.85(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Philippines
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.92(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
24
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HAM of Senegal
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.9(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
HAM of Sierra Leone
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.96(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of South Africa
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.88(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
25
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HAM of Timor−Leste
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.93(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Togo
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.98(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
HAM of Uganda
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.92(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
26
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HAM of Viet Nam
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.75(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
HAM of Zambia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.94(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
HAM of Zimbabwe
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Modelled HAM(b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
Empirical POLYMOD / DHS data
Mod
elle
d H
AM
r = 0.93(c)
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
27
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2.2 Household age matrix (HAM) urban and rural comparison
Using rural-urban stratified population and household data, we present the population age compositions andhousehold age matrices for rural and urban areas by the rural and urban subregions for countries with recentDHS household surveys.
Empirical DHS household data: Afghanistan
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
5
10
15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
28
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Empirical DHS household data: Angola
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
29
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Empirical DHS household data: Bangladesh
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
30
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Empirical DHS household data: Benin
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
31
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Empirical DHS household data: Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
32
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Empirical DHS household data: Cambodia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
33
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Empirical DHS household data: Cameroon
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
34
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Empirical DHS household data: Chad
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
35
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Empirical DHS household data: Colombia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
36
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Empirical DHS household data: Congo
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
37
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Empirical DHS household data: Democratic Republic of the Congo
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
38
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Empirical DHS household data: Dominican Republic
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
39
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Empirical DHS household data: Ethiopia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
40
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Empirical DHS household data: Ghana
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
41
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Empirical DHS household data: Guatemala
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
42
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Empirical DHS household data: Guinea
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
43
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Empirical DHS household data: Guyana
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
44
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Empirical DHS household data: Haiti
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
45
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Empirical DHS household data: Honduras
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
46
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Empirical DHS household data: India
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
47
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Empirical DHS household data: Indonesia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
48
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Empirical DHS household data: Kenya
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
49
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Empirical DHS household data: Kyrgyzstan
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
50
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Empirical DHS household data: Lesotho
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
51
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Empirical DHS household data: Liberia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
52
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Empirical DHS household data: Malawi
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
53
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Empirical DHS household data: Maldives
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
5
10
15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
54
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Empirical DHS household data: Mali
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
55
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Empirical DHS household data: Nepal
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
56
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Empirical DHS household data: Niger
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
57
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Empirical DHS household data: Nigeria
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
58
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Empirical DHS household data: Pakistan
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
59
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Empirical DHS household data: Peru
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
60
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Empirical DHS household data: Philippines
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
61
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Empirical DHS household data: Senegal
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0
5
10
15
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
62
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Empirical DHS household data: Sierra Leone
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
63
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Empirical DHS household data: South Africa
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
64
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Empirical DHS household data: Timor−Leste
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
65
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Empirical DHS household data: Togo
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
66
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Empirical DHS household data: Uganda
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
67
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Empirical DHS household data: Viet Nam
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
68
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Empirical DHS household data: Zambia
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
69
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Empirical DHS household data: Zimbabwe
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban Households(a)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Rural Households(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of household member
Age
of h
ouse
hold
mem
ber
Urban & Rural(c)
Mean number of household membersin a specific age group
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
Median & IQR(d)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(e)
0
2
4
6
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
HH
mem
bers
Age of individual
(f)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(g)
Age
Proportion of urban population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(h)
Age
Proportion of rural population (%)
Male Female
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(i)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
70
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2.3 Updated age- and location-specifc contact matrices
The 2017 synthetic matrices provide validated approximations to age-and-location-specific contact matrices for152 geographical regions. We have therefore updated these matrices with the most recent data—DemographicHousehold Surveys, World Bank and UN Population Division—extending the coverage to 177 geographicallocations, covering 97.2% of the world’s population.
71
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Afghanistan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
72
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Albania
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
73
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Algeria
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
74
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Angola
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
75
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Argentina
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
76
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Armenia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
77
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Austria
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
78
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Azerbaijan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
79
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Bahamas
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
80
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Bahrain
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
81
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Bangladesh
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
82
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Barbados
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
83
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Belarus
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
84
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Belgium
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
85
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Belize
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
86
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Benin
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
87
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Bhutan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
88
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Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
89
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
90
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Botswana
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
91
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Brazil
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
92
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Brunei Darussalam
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
93
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Bulgaria
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
94
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Burkina Faso
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
95
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Burundi
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
96
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Cabo Verde
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
97
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Cambodia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
98
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Cameroon
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
99
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Canada
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
100
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Central African Republic
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
101
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Chad
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
102
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Chile
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
103
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China
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
104
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China, Hong Kong SAR
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
105
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China, Macao SAR
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
106
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Colombia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
107
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Comoros
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
108
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Congo
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
109
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Costa Rica
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
110
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Côte d'Ivoire
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
111
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Croatia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
112
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Cuba
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
113
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Cyprus
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
114
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Czechia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
115
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Dem. People's Republic of Korea
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
116
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Democratic Republic of the Congo
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
117
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Denmark
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
118
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Djibouti
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
119
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Dominican Republic
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
120
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Ecuador
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
121
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Egypt
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
122
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El Salvador
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
123
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Equatorial Guinea
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
124
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Eritrea
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
125
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Estonia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
126
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Eswatini
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
127
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Ethiopia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
128
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Fiji
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
129
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Finland
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
130
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France
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
131
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Gabon
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
132
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Gambia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
133
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Georgia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
134
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Germany
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
135
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Ghana
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
136
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Greece
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
137
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Guatemala
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
138
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Guinea
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
139
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Guinea−Bissau
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
140
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Guyana
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
141
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Honduras
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
142
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Hungary
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
143
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Iceland
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
144
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India
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
145
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Indonesia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
146
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Iran (Islamic Republic of)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
147
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Iraq
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
148
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Ireland
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
149
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Israel
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
150
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Italy
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
151
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Jamaica
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
152
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Jordan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
153
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Kazakhstan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
154
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Kenya
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
155
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Kuwait
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
156
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Kyrgyzstan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
157
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Lao People's Democratic Republic
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
158
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Latvia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
159
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Lesotho
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
160
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Liberia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
161
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Libya
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
162
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Lithuania
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
163
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Luxembourg
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
164
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Madagascar
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
165
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Malawi
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
166
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Malaysia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
167
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Maldives
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
168
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Mali
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
169
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Malta
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
170
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Mauritania
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
171
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Mauritius
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
172
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Mexico
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
173
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Mongolia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
174
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Montenegro
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
175
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Morocco
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
176
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Mozambique
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
177
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Myanmar
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
178
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Namibia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
179
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Nepal
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
180
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Netherlands
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
181
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New Zealand
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
182
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Nicaragua
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
183
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Niger
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
184
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Nigeria
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
185
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North Macedonia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
186
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Norway
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
187
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Oman
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
188
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Pakistan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
189
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Panama
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
190
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Papua New Guinea
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
191
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Paraguay
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
192
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Peru
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
193
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Philippines
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
194
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Poland
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
195
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Portugal
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
196
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Puerto Rico
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
197
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Qatar
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
198
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Republic of Korea
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
199
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Republic of Moldova
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
200
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Romania
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
201
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Russian Federation
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
202
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Rwanda
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
203
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Saint Lucia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
204
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
205
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Samoa
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
206
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Sao Tome and Principe
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
207
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Saudi Arabia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
208
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Senegal
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
209
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Serbia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
210
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Sierra Leone
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
211
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Singapore
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
212
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Slovakia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
213
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Slovenia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
214
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Solomon Islands
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
215
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South Africa
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
216
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South Sudan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
217
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Spain
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
218
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Sri Lanka
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
219
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State of Palestine
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
220
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Sudan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
221
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Suriname
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
222
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Sweden
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
223
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Switzerland
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
224
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Syrian Arab Republic
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
225
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Tajikistan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
226
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Thailand
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
227
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Timor−Leste
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
228
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Togo
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
229
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Tonga
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
230
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Trinidad and Tobago
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
231
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Tunisia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
232
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Turkey
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
233
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Turkmenistan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
234
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Uganda
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
235
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Ukraine
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
236
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United Arab Emirates
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
237
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United Kingdom
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
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United Republic of Tanzania
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
239
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United States of America
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
240
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Uruguay
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
241
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Uzbekistan
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
242
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Vanuatu
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
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Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
244
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Viet Nam
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
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Yemen
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
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Zambia
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
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Zimbabwe
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100(a)
Age
Proportion of population (%)
Male Female
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Home(b)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Work(c)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
School(d)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
Other Locations(e)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age group of individual
Age
gro
up o
f con
tact
All locations(f)
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2.4 Comparison of the empirical and 2017 synthetic age-specific contact matri-ces in ten geographical regions
The 2017 synthetic matrices provide validated approximations to age-and-location-specific contact matricesfor 152 geographical regions. We compare the normalised empirical matrices with to the normalised 2017synthetic matrices.
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Empirical contact surveynormalised
Synthetic 2017normalised
Chi
na
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age
of c
onta
ct
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
r = 0.49
Fra
nce
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age
of c
onta
ct
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
r = 0.85
Chi
na, H
ong
Kon
g S
AR
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age
of c
onta
ct
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
r = 0.57
Ken
ya
0−5 6−15 16−20 21−50 51−80
0−5
6−15
16−20
21−50
51−80
Age
of c
onta
ct
0−5 6−15 16−20 21−50 51−80
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−56−1516−2021−5051−80
r = 0.83
Per
u
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of individual
Age
of c
onta
ct
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Age of individual
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
r = 0.78
Nomalised mean number of contacts0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
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Empirical contact surveynormalised
Synthetic 2017normalised
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Age
of c
onta
ct
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−74
r = 0.91
Sou
th A
fric
a
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
10
20
30
40
50
Age
of c
onta
ct
0 10 20 30 40 50
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−49
r = 0.9
Uga
nda
0−5 6−10 11−15 16−25 26−35 36−45 46−55 56−65 66−80
0−5
6−10
11−15
16−25
26−35
36−45
46−55
56−65
66−80
Age
of c
onta
ct
0−5 6−10 11−15 16−25 26−35 36−45 46−55 56−65 66−80
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−56−1011−1516−2526−3536−4546−5556−6566−80
r = 0.85
Vie
t Nam
0−5 6−15 16−25 26−34 35−49 50−64 65+
0−5
6−15
16−25
26−34
35−49
50−64
65+
Age
of c
onta
ct
0−5 6−15 16−25 26−34 35−49 50−64 65+
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−56−1516−2526−3435−4950−6465+
r = 0.85
Zim
babw
e
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Age of individual
Age
of c
onta
ct
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Age of individual
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Empirical contact survey
Syn
thet
ic 2
020
0−45−910−1415−1920−2425−2930−3435−3940−4445−4950−5455−5960−6465−6970−7475−79
r = 0.63
Nomalised mean number of contacts0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1
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2.5 Age-specifc infection attack rate of COVID-19
The age-specific infection attack rate for the unmitigated epidemic under different contact matrices is shownin the boxplots with boxes bounded by the interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles), the median inwhite and, whiskers spanning the 2.5 − 97.5th percentiles (Figure 2). Six contact matrices were consideredin the COVID-19 modelling: the empirically-constructed contact matrices at the study-year and adjustedfor the 2020 population, the 2017 synthetic matrices, and the updated synthetic matrices at the national,rural, or urban settings. Models parameterised with the empirical and synthetic matrices generated similarfindings with few differences observed in the age-specific infection attack rate (Figure 2) in age groups wherethe empirical matrices have missing or aggregated age groups (Table 4). This finding means that syntheticcontact matrices may be used in modelling outbreaks in settings for which empirical studies have yet to beconducted.
Figure 2: Age-specifc infection attack rate of COVID-19.
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Table 4: Possible reason for discrepancies in age-specific infection attack ratesDiscrepancies in age-specificinfection attack rates
Survey-specific details Possible reason fordiscrepancies
Underestimation of infectionattack rate in the oldest agegroup (i.e., 75+ year-olds) inChina, and Hong Kong SAR,China
Synthetic matrices report a lowerproportion of contacts in otherlocations for individuals 75+year-olds compared to empiricalmatrices in Shanghai and HongKong SAR
Individuals 75+ year old in twohighly densely populated cities inChina appear to report morecontacts outside home and workthan their counterparts in thePOLYMOD surveyed countries inEurope. In the HK SAR survey,this may be due to a much largerproportion of older individualschoosing to use paper rather thanonline questionnaires; the surveyfound that individuals usingpaper surveys reported muchhigher numbers of contacts thanthose using online questionnaires.
Overestimation of infectionattack rate in the 10–20-year-oldsin China
Synthetic matrices report ahigher proportion of contacts inother locations for individuals10–20-year-olds compared toempirical matrices in Shanghai,China
Individuals 10–20-year-olds inShanghai, China appear to reportfewer contacts at other locationsthan their counterparts in thePOLYMOD surveyed countries inEurope.
Differences in infection attackrate in individuals 50+ year-oldsin Kenya
In the study in Kilifi, Kenya,individuals aged 21–50 wereaggregated and the oldest agegroup in the survey is 51+year-olds.
These differences are observed inage groups where the empiricalmatrices have aggregated agegroups, which may obscure largedifferences within ages in thataggregated age group.
Differences in infection attackrate in individuals aged70–74-year-olds in Peru
The study in San Marcos,Cajamarca-Peru did not surveyany individuals aged70–74-year-old.
These differences are observed inage groups where the empiricalmatrices have missing age groups.Contacts in 70-74 year olds in theempirical matrices are based onassuming reciprocity of contactsfor younger people reportingcontacts with this age group,which we know from othersurveys may lead to incorrectestimations.
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Discrepancies in age-specificinfection attack rates
Survey-specific details Possible reason fordiscrepancies
Differences in infection attackrate in individuals aged20–24-year-olds in Russia
The study in Tomsk, Russia didnot survey any individuals aged20–24-year-old.
These differences are observed inage groups where the empiricalmatrices have missing age groups.Contacts in 20-24 year olds in theempirical matrices are based onassuming reciprocity of contactsfor other people reportingcontacts with this age group,which we know from othersurveys may lead to incorrectestimations.
Differences in infection attackrate in individuals 50+ year-oldsin South Africa
The oldest age group in thesurvey conducted in a SouthAfrican township is 45+year-olds. After adjusting for theSouth African 2020 populationage composition, the differencesnarrow.
These differences are observed inage groups where the empiricalmatrices have aggregated agegroups, which may obscure largedifferences within ages in thataggregated age group.
Differences in infection attackrate in individuals 65+ year-oldsin Uganda
The oldest age group in thesurvey conducted in a SheemaNorth Sub-District, Uganda is65+ year-olds. These differencesnarrow after adjusting forUganda’s 2020 population agecomposition.
These differences are observed inage groups where the empiricalmatrices have aggregated agegroups, which may obscure largedifferences within ages in thataggregated age group.
Differences in infection attackrate in individuals 65+ year-oldsin Vietnam
In the study in Red River Delta,North Vietnam, individuals aged50–64 were aggregated and theoldest age group in the survey is65+ year-olds. After adjustingfor the Vietnamese 2020population age composition, thedifferences narrow.
These differences are observed inage groups where the empiricalmatrices have aggregated agegroups, which may obscure largedifferences within ages in thataggregated age group.
Differences in infection attackrate in individuals 65+ year-oldsin Zimbabwe
Compared to the empiricalmatrices in Manicaland,Zimbabwe, the synthetic matricesunderestimate the number ofcontacts for individuals 65+year-olds at other locations. Thedifferences narrow after adjustingfor the 2020 population agecomposition in Zimbabwe. Thesurvey was administered duringthe school holiday in one of thetwo sites; they found a lowernumber of contact was reportedin schools. As school-goingchildren are not in school, theycould be spending more time athome and possibly with theirgrandparents; and this could beone possible reason for the highcontacts in older individuals withthe younger population.
Synthetic matrices report fewercontacts in other locations forindividuals aged 65+ yearscompared to the empiricalmatrices in Manicaland,Zimbabwe. The differencesnarrow after adjusting for the2020 population age compositionin Zimbabwe. The survey wasadministered during the schoolholiday in one of the two sites;they found a lower number ofcontact was reported in schools.As school-going children are notin school, they could be spendingmore time at home and possiblywith their grandparents; and thiscould be one possible reason forthe high contacts in olderindividuals with the youngerpopulation.
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