Bo co Thc Hnh D n Tm hiu cng c Ghi ch nhanh BratBrat rapid annotation tool

Ging vin hng dn: Thy Phm Bo Sn v hai anh hng dn: Kiu Thanh Bnh Nguyn Quc i Sinh vin Nguyn Vn Dng (M SV: 08020084)

Ni dung bo co: 1. Brat Cng c text mining 1.1 Nhng kiu ghi ch c th dng vi brat 1.2 Biu din nhanh chng vic Trc quan ha 1.3 Cu trc d liu chun ca brat 1.4 Cc thao tc vi brat 2. ng dng trong nh gi kin khch hng 2.1 c t 10 kiu ghi ch cho nh gi Hotel 2.2 Bng tm tt cc loi ghi ch. 2.3 Tng hp cc cu kh ghi ch. 2.4 Mt s nhm cu cng kiu 3. nh gi kt qu 4. Tham kho

1. Brat - Cng c text miningTrong phn ny chng ta s bit c: Brat l g v Ti sao c brat Cc quy tc ca brat Cc thao tc trn brat v s dng trn thc t.

Brat l mt trong s cc cng c m ngun m v min ph trong lnh vc khai ph d liu vn (data text mining ) bn hay phn tch vn bn (text analytics) nh GATE, Carrot2 c pht trin v h tr bi i Hc Manchester v i hc Tokyo. Cc cng c phn tch vn bn c nhiu ng dng nh lc th rc, tm kim, o c v phn tch thng minh... V chi tit Brat l cng c ghi ch vn bn trn nn web, gip thm vo cc ch thch cho cc ti liu ang c. N c thit k c bit cho vic ghi ch c cu trc, ti cc ch thch khng phi l dng t do (nh ch thch trong cc vn bn PDF) m l mt dng c cu trc c th c x l t ng v thng dch bi my tnh. Bi v vic ny gip ta thu c nhng thng tin cn thit da trn nhng t hay cu c bit m ta cn quan tm. Chng hn nh v d n gin sau m t mt cu c ghi ch xc nh ngha ca mt s thc th thc t (ci g ) v mi lin h gia hai thc th. 1.1 Nhng kiu ghi ch c th dng vi brat

Hnh 1: V d v ph ch ca Brat (ACE 2005, cc thc th v quan h). V d trn minh ha hai loi ch thch c bn trong brat: text span (hay typed text span) v d nh cc thc th c cp n nh trong v d trn l Organization (T chc) v Person (Ngi). Relation ( kiu ch thch cc mi lin h), trong v d trn l quan h Fam (gia nh).Cc kiu ghi ch loi text span n gin hay dng cho vic ch thch cho cc thc th c tn ring, v cc quan h hai ngi dng trong thao tc

ni kt thng tin vi nhau. Brat cng h tr ch thch kiu n-ary gip kt ni mt s lng ln cc ch thch khc nhau theo cc quy tc c th. Kiu ghi ch ny c th dng ghi ch cc s kin (event annotation), nh TRANSFER trong v d sau:

Hnh 2: V d brat cho kiu ph ch n-ary (ACE-2005,thc th, quan h v quy cch ghi ch s kin). Kiu v thuc tnh ca ghi ch c hiu c th thng qua vic dng cc thuc tnh (attributes) t trn cc ghi ch ( hnh trn l ghi gia mi tn ch quan h v s kin) Cui cng, d khng phi mc ch chnh song brat cng c kiu ghi ch t do (freeform text notes) c th c thm vo mt ch gii.

Hnh 3. ph ch vi cc ghi ch vn bn. Vic p dng cc mc ph ch, cc kiu v cc rng buc cn c trong khi s dng (v d mt quan h Family nht thit phi kt ni ph ch ti mt kiu Person) c m bo mt cch y v cht ch, cho php brat c ng dng st thc t trong cc thao tc ghi ph ch. Brat cng tch hp mt s tnh nng da trn cc cng ngh x l ngn ng t nhin cho php h tr tt hn cc cng vic ghi ph ch. 1.2 Biu din nhanh chng vic Trc quan ha

Ch thch ca brat rt trc quan d hiu da trn quan im ci g bn thy th bn s c: mi ph ch lin quan u c biu din rt d nhn. Cc nhn ghi ch khc loi s c mu d phn bit, cc quan h c biu din bi cc mi tn kh hp l vi tn quan h nm gia.

D dng sa cha. Chnh sa cc ph ch bng chut v dng cc thao tc n gin t trnh bin son ti liu, cc phn mm trnh din v nhiu cng c khc. ghi du mt on ch ch cn kch p hay chn on text . Vic kt ni cc ph ch bng cch n gin bng vic kch vo ph ch ny ri ko sang ph ch cn lin kt. Nu chn sai mt t hay cm t c th sa bng nt Move sau khi kch p vo nhn note trn t/cm t ghi ch, chn move ri chn li cm t va chn thiu hay tha...ng thi brat cng ngn cn mt s thao tc khng c php nh xa note trong khi cha xa quan h gn vi n hay ni quan h khng c php. Tt c cc thao tc sai u c thng bo gc di cng bn phi mn hnh lm vic. Ngoi ra th ta cng c th thm cc tool t ng gn nhn cho nhanh chng, trong hnh sau l CoNLL kh ging vi mt s tool sn c trong GATE - mt cng c text minning khc. Vic t ng nh gi thng rt hiu qu v trong tng ng dng c th th nhiu t hay cm t thng c nhc li rt nhiu ln nh t clean trong Hotel v ta c th gn Positive t ng v ng khong 90% cn li th chnh sa sau, nhng vn nhanh hn nhiu lm th cng.

Zero setup Brat c xy dng trn chun cng ngh web nn khng cn ci t phn mm local no hay plugins cho trnh duyt. Sau khi ci t v cu hnh trn server th chng ta c th dng brat thng qua vic truy cp web. Ngi dng phi login mi c th chnh sa ghi ch trn server, nu khng th ch c th xem (c th ci t li trn server). Cng c mt cch th v l ci trn my local edit cho nhanh (khng cn c kt ni Internet) ri nh thi im upload d liu nn server. 1.3 Cu trc d liu chun ca brat Brat to ra mt cu trc d liu cho cc ghi ch. C php ca n c th on qua mt s v d: T240 Positive 308 312 well T241 Service 507 511 Service 513 519 food T242 drinks T243

Positive 954 958 best T248 Positive 2368 2374 R1 R2 R3 R4. . .

OpinionRelation Arg1:T87 Arg2:T86 OpinionRelation Arg1:T2 Arg2:T86 OpinionRelation Arg1:T6 Arg2:T94 OpinionRelation Arg1:T8 Arg2:T94 Service 478 492 Sloppy Pelican

T7 R9

OpinionRelation Arg1:T17 Arg2:T7

R10 OpinionRelation Arg1:T18 Arg2:T84

T9

Service 607 609

AC

T10 Positive 610 616 worked y l v d file hotel_data_08.ann (ui annotation), n c c cc kiu note v relations. T d liu v hng dn brat c th thy n c 3 ct tch bi du Tab theo chiu ngang. Ct u l cc k hiu T v R l tng dn cho thy n l cc s nguyn ch v tr ca Type (T) hay Relations ( R). Vi kiu Type: Ct th 2 l kiu note properties nh service hay Positive, km theo 2 s nguyn (cha r ngha), V ct 3 l cc t trong cu c note bi kiu ny. Vi kiu R nh R9 trn th sau ct 1, ct 2 l tn quan h ( y ch c kiu OpinionRelation) Sau l ct 3 l hai tham s ch hai note tham gia quan h. Cu trc theo chiu dc th cha r lm song rt c th l v tr v th t cc note v relation, v c event nu c. Cc file cu hnh l 2 file annotation.conf v visual.conf . File annotation th lu cc nh ngha v thuc tnh ghi ch v d nh Hotel, Negation hay Opinion, v theo l nh ngha cc quan h c th c. Cn file visual th nh tn gi s t mu cho cc thuc tnh v quan h phn bit chng mt cch d dng. Mt im na l Brat cho php t cc file cu hnh cc th mc ring m theo chng ta s c cc kiu ghi ch hay nh gi ring cho tng ng dng c th. V d vi Hotel ta c visual v annotation ring, cn vi th mc BioNLP ta cng c cc file cu hnh ring cho n. 1.4 Cc thao tc vi brat

a s thi gian ngi dng tng tc vi ca s New Annotation nhng ca s ny ca brat cha thun tin nn mt nhiu thi gian lng ph. Brat khng c cc ty chn t ghi ch mc nh cho nhng t lm t trc nh clean th chn positive lun hay cho php gn nhiu t cng lc thay v phi i load li. 1.4.1 Ci t Brat chy trn server ca trng nn khng cn phi ci t trn my ca mnh, nhng vic cu hnh Brat gip ch cho vic dng ring cho cc bi ton khc... Trong qu trnh ci t, ti gp mt s li nh: Error: ActiongetCollectionInformtion failed on error Forbidden Error: ActionloadConf failed on error Forbidden Error: Actionwhoami failed on error Forbidden Error: Actionlogin failed on error Forbidden

T thng bo li ti ngh vn ch cu hnh apache cho brat, cc vn quyn truy cp hay cgi. Nguyn nhn l do cu hnh sai th mc cho php chy cgi. Theo hng dn ca trang ch Brat th n l : /home/*/public_html theo th th mc cha brat s nm u trong /home/* v du * c l do ngi dng t in th mc chun xc. Do vy sau khi cu hnh li cgi trong /etc/apache2/httpf.conf cho php cgi chy : /var/www/brat_12 hay /var/www/brat-v1.1p1_Albatross th g c li. ( y ti ci c hai bn 1.1 Albatross v bn 2 - The_Larch trong th mc root ca apache). Nhng cn mt vn l quyn chnh sa file: This document is read-only and can't be edited. Mc d ti chuyn quyn bng chmod 777 cho tt c cc file, folder cho th mc data v work, v chuyn quyn chown cho www-data hay guest nhng vn bo li ny. C th l do nh dng ti liu trc khi a vo /data v nu t to ti liu bng vim chng hn th c th edit bnh thng.

1.4.2 Tm kim trn brat Khi truy cp vo trang lm vic vi brat th i khi cn chc nng search nhng do c th ca ng dng brat nn cng c search ca trnh duyt khng xut hin khi nhn Ctrl+F. Do vy mc d c v c bn nhng chc nng ny ca brat l cn thit khi trnh duyt khng th thc hin. V d vi Chrome th khi search trong brat n khng cho du hiu nh du mu cam na nn khng th phn bit u l v tr ca on vn bn cn tm. Ngoi ra brat cn gip tm kim trong c th mc lm vic trn server ch khng ch trang web ang lm vic. S rt nhanh nu brat cho php gn nhn auto cho tt c cc t ang tm nh nt annotation all trn GATE. 1.4.3 Ty chnh (Options) ca Brat Ch ghi ch nhanh cha c.Cn khi so snh ch note careful vi normal th thy r l n thm ch lm chm ch ch nhanh hn, v normal ch b thao tc kch nt ok thi, v vic ny xem ra cn t hn v d nhm ln khi ta khng bit ta va chn types no tt popup, v thao tc kch ok c th thay bng nhp Enter cng tin v nhanh khng km. - Cn mt vn na l brat refresh sau mi thao tc lm chm cng vic v khin history ca trnh duyt hu ht l brat pages. 1.4.5 Vn thao tc ng ngha

y c th l vn chung cho text mining. V i tng thao tc y l kin khch hng nn ngn ng ca h s dng khng th m bo tnh chnh xc, h thng v chun nh trong cc ng dng chuyn ngnh. V vy c rt nhiu cu sai v c php, v chnh t Tuy nhin a phn l d hiu v chp nhn c. 1.4.6 Mt s vn khc khi thao tc

i khi note xong 1 tu hay cm t brat load li tr ln u hay cui trang khng tr v v tr ang note nh thng l gy bt tin, vic ny mt khi reload. Cng c th v da trn tiu chun web n gin nn brat nh mt rt nhiu u im ca cc trnh son tho vn bn, n c nh cc thao tc di chuyn, chn bng bn phm rt mau l v hiu qu. Relation vn c gi li khi ta thay i kiu thuc tnh trn t c note. Thiu mt thng bo li ngi dng xa b relation hay t ng xa b v n c th vi phm rng buc kiu tham s quy nh cho Relation. V d kiu value v location khng th to relation nhng n vn xy ra khi ta i t trc l positive sang value. Ngoi ra cng mt cp tham s v cng mt kiu quan h ta vn c th to 2 hay nhiu mi tn Relation, vic ny l khng hp l v brat nn bt li trng hp ny. V d ta ko 2 hay 3 ln t mt kiu positive sang kiu service th Brat vn hin c 2,3 mi tn Relation.

2. ng dng Brat nh gi kin khch hng v Khch snPhn ny trnh by vic ng dng Brat vo ghi ch cc kin khch hng v khch sn, phc v cho vic nh gi cht lng t ng. Trc tin cn a ra c t yu cu cho cc kiu ghi ch. 2.1 c t 10 kiu ghi ch cho Hotel nh gi kin khch hng v Khch sn cn c 10 thuc tnh hay cc kiu

ghi ch sau: Hotels: c (7 thuc tnh): Value Ambiance Location Room Amenities Service Overall Word (1 thuc tnh) Negation Opinion (2 thuc tnh)

Positive Negative Vi mi thuc tnh s c m t ngha v do ch ra cc trng hp t no c gn nhn loi ny. Sau l v d tng quan v cc trng hp c bit cng vi lin h vi cc thuc tnh khc. ngha y ch xt trong ng cnh nh gi khch sn ch khng theo ng ngha s dng ca ting Anh. tin m t, chng ta cn nu c im kiu Positive v Negative trc v chng c lin quan nhiu n cc ghi ch khc. Kiu Positive n gin note cho cc tnh t hm khen ngi nh clean, free, good Cn kiu Negative th ngc li note cho cc t hm ch trch nh dirty, stained, expensive Ngoi ra th ng dng nh gi ang bn c hai kiu quan h (relation) chnh l OpinionRelation v ReverseRelation. Opinion m t kin ca ngi dng v dch v, dng hay v tr ca khch sn... Th hin thch th hay ch bai. Cn ReverseRelation l kiu quan h ch yu dng cho cc kin ch trch, n gn cm t ph nh nh not, didn't weren't vi tnh t khng nh din t ph nh. Trc ht vi c t kiu Hotel: D thy 7 thuc tnh lin quan ti nh gi khch sn u l danh t m t cc tiu chun ch yu nh gi cht lng khch sn nh chun v s sao, chun gi c, ni chn - Value M t: Value hiu l gi tr, gi c m t mc t hay r ca cc dch v hay th lin quan. y cc quan h u l quan h nh gi -OpinionRelation, nh greate value, cordial staff ( Gi tr tt v phc v rt thn thit...). C th l cc t hay gp nh: expensive hay cheap, inexpensive, free, value V d:

Lu : value c th to quan h Opinion vi mt thuc tnh Positive/ Negative khc. C t ngoi l cho value, ch yu l trong mt s ng cnh th value khng c ngha nh gi, n ch l t b sung hay trong trng hp nhiu tnh t cng xut hin th cheap s bao hm inexpensive - Ambiance M t: Theo cc tiu ch nh gi khch sn th nn cc t lin quan ti mi trng khch sn nh khng kh, v sinh vo mc ny. Cc t lin quan ch yu l cc tnh t nh clean, dirty, quiet, stained Mi trng l mt trong nhng yu t c bn nh gi khch sn nn cc t loi ny xut hin nhiu. V d:

y ta c th note cho c cm t the ambiance thnh kiu ambiance. Lu : Mc d theo ngha nhng tnh t trn thuc ambiance nhng theo ng cnh s dng v nh gi th chng thng c gn nhn positive (vi clean, quiet) hay negative vi dirty... v khi ny a s trng hp th nhn ambiance s l khng cn thit. - Ngay trong v d trn, quiet v clean s c gn nhn positive v ang xt trong phng (room) v ngha ambiance l khng cn v positive b ngha trong quan h vi room ri. - Trong mt s trng hp xut hin nhiu tnh t chng hn clean vi nice mang sc thi tt (positive) th ch nn ghi ch cho tnh t chnh yu ( y l clean) v ngha ca clean r rng hn nice. Hay nh peaceful vi quiet th nn note cho peaceful v n bao hm c quiet. V d: Cu 3 file data_08:

Location M t: Location c th l Tn ring ch nhng thc th a l: vng lnh th, a danh, sng sui v.v... Vi cc tn thnh ph, qun, huyn v.v... (mang tnh cht hnh chnh do con ngi t ra). Nh thnh ph, qun, phng , x . Vi cc tn chu lc, ai dng, sng ni Vi cc tn cng trnh kin trc, xy dng (mang tnh nhn to) nh Bo tng, Hi trng, ta nh... Hay vi cc du hiu ng sau cc tin t ch ni chn: , trong, ngoi, ti... Nhng trong ng dng Brat nh gi khch sn ny chng ta ch quan tm ti nhng t ch a danh lin quan n khch sn c v t nhin ln nhn to. Vic xc nh location rt quan trng trong vic phn loi khch sn theo v tr nh hotel, motel (khch sn ngh cho li xe...), boatels (tu b, du thuyn ...), rotels(khch sn di ng trn t...) Trong v d SA_hotels ang xt th y rt c th l motels.Mt s t lin quan nh deck, hotel(i khi), pool, whirlpool,

location, parking place, town, downtown, area, accommodation, restaurant, Nappa V d :

Location y thay cho t resort ng trc n cng m ch khu ngh dng hay tng ng vi khch sn. Lu : Trong mt s trng hp hotel hay cc i t nh This, that, it mang sc thi thay cho Location c th c gn nhn nh vy nu trong cu thiu cc t ch a im khc. V d khc: Cu 51, data_10:

ay hotel mang ngha a im hn l ton th (overall) v n lin quan ti mi trng xung quanh. Room M t: T ny n gin l phng . C th c thm b ng i km nh hotel hay meeting, conference room trong khi ghi ch.Gm cc t: room, hotel room, conference room v lun note l room, mc d i khi room mang sc thi service nh room is cheap... V d: -

Lu : T ny hu nh khng c trng hp ngoi l no. Amenities M t: Ngha l cc tin nghi trong phng , khch sn, h bi Cc t d nhn ra v c th l: beds, bathroom, amenities,microwave, fridge... V d: -

Lu : t thy ngoi l no cho kiu Amenities. - Service

M t: Ngha l dch v. Cc t lin quan l: v nh gi s phc v ca nhn vin, cc dch v thit yu nh n ung, xe, truy cp internet... V cc dch v gii tr c th nh h bi, ca nhc... Cc t cn ghi ch nh: staff, service, breakfast, mean, AC(Air Condition), wireless internet, music, parking, coffee, drink, sercurity V d :

Lu : T service cng d nhn ra, ch ty ng cnh ca cu mi phi ghi ch. Overall M t: Overall m ch nhng t mang ngha chung cho c khch sn.hotel hay mt s i t thay ngha cho hotel nh it, that trong khi vng mt t hotel. V d:-

Lu : Ngoi ra cc t mang sc thi tng hp khc cng c th coi l Overall. V d t it thay cho hotel trong cu: It was clean.... Nhm th hai l cc t thuc kiu Word m ch tnh ph nh trong cu. Loi ny n gin ch gm cc t ph nh cha not, no : - Word M t: Cc t hm ph nh: no, not, don't

V d:

Lu : a s trng hp nn gp c cm cha not vo vi tnh t ghi ch Negative th hp l hn. V hm ph nh c th nhn ra nh nhng lin h t nh but

Cui cng l kiu Opinion c hai loi: - Positive M t: Cc tnh t mang ngha tt nh: nice, good, cheap, inexpensive, clean comfly, comfortable, good, amazing... V d:

Lu : V ngha trong mt s trng hp nn tm t mang hm ngha bao qut nht nh clean, good note. - Negative M t: Cc t mang ngha khng tt nh: expensive, dirty, dated, ... hay cc cm t cha ph nh, ch yu l not v cc cu trc cu hm tri ngc. V d:

Lu : Nhiu trng hp hm ph nh kh kh ghi ch. 2.2Bng tm tt cc kiu ghi ch Bng sau tm tt 10 loi ghi ch c p dng vi nhng t no (a s trng hp). C th xem trong cc file .ann m brat to ra tm thm cc trng hp ghi ch. Bng ny c tng hp t 8 file d liu gip tham kho nhanh vic gn nhn. Lu bng ch l tham kho, cn ty tng trng hp c bit v vic kt hp cc cm t gn nhn hp l.

Value

Ambian Location -ce

Room

Amenities

Service

Overall

Price, expensive, inexpensiv e, cheap, greate, free, worth

Clean, quiet, stained, dirty

Area, this (ch hotel), location, Motel, pool, parking area, place, space, carpet, deck, restaurant, balcony, downtown, town, beach, villa, here, this place

Room, accomm -odation, suite

Bed, king bed, bathroom, towel, tub, hottub, AC (iu ha), amenities, pillow, mattress (nm), facilities (c trng hp c), microwave, fridge, furniture, TV, sheet, clock, phone, refrigerator, icemaker, coffee maker, aircondition.

Staff, breakfast, tn cc mn n nh: waffle, toast, biscuit..., service, internet, food, drink, parking, dinner, bedding, WiFi, call, meal, price

Hotel, motel, overall, it, this, that , this place (thay cho hotel hay hu ht), resort, it, everything, all in all,

trn l 7 kiu v hotel, sau l 3 kiu cn li.Positive (Opinion) Excillent, great, clean, beautiful, friendly, good, prety good, huge, nice, tastefully, cleannest, convenient, romantic, loved, comfortable, comfort, helful, spacious, large, amazing, attractive, well-kept, right, fresh, comfy, wonderful, inexpensive, nicely, peaceful, enjoyed, neat, conviniently, quiet, decent, conveniently, worked, pleasant, free, well-maintained, highspeed (internet), no smoky, liked, ok, well-appointed Negative (Opinion) Negation (WORD)

Lack, badly, small, noisy, Not, do not, were not, was not... older, stained, little, recommend, not comfortable, dirty, expensive, worst, had to wait, terrible, old, shabby, smelled, limited, not a greate looker, big problem, bad, simple, close, humid, hassle, OK only, cramped, ugly, needed, wished ( mong l tt hn), minimal, inconvinently, prefer, need update, dated, unclean, robbery, average, uncomfortable, worn out, mildew, 1 star.

2.3 c t cc kiu quan h 2.3.1. Quan h kin, nhn nh OpinionRelation y l kiu quan h ph bin nht trong ng dng cho khch sn. Hu ht quan h cn quan tm l kiu ny. Quan h ny gn kt mt nhn nh Positive hay Negative vi mt thc th khc c th l 7 kiu Hotel trn. V d:

Trong v d trn th OpinionRelation c vit gn l OpRe do khong hp gia cc t ch thch. n gin n gip xc nh cc kin nh gi phng din no ca khch sn nh: Great value l ni v gi tt, cordial staff l nhn vin rt thn thin ... 2.3.2. Quan h ph nh ReserveRelation Kiu quan h ny cng n gin l m t tnh ph nh ca t i km vi cc t ph nh (Negation) gip xc lp ngha nh gi mt cch chnh xc. Thng thng th n c dng Not + Pos ngha l Not t trc mt tnh t Positive v c cm mang ngha ch bai (Negative).

2.4Mt s cu c bitMc d trong d n v c trong ting Anh ni chung, hin tng khng r ngha t gp, nh trong cc nh gi v khch sn ang bn, t khi gp cch ni n d hay ni ngc, tu t... Bi vy, c kh t cu kh ghi ch, ch yu gp mt vi li chnh t hay cc kiu cu ph nh hay mang ph nh trong ting Anh bi v c cm t cha t ph nh (not) v tnh t tt (positive) mi to nn ph nh (negative), hay cc cu khng c khen ngi hay ch trch r rng n gin ch l nhn nh chung chung. Tm li trong 8 file d liu t hotel_data_08 n hotel_data_15 ti cho rng nhng cu sau l c bit: Data_08: 11. The room looked out onto the back of false facade for the building but the room was quiet and clean. Cu ny c cm t in khng c nhng t ph nh r rng (tnh t), nhng hm ph nh l r (ca s b che khut bi nh khc) v phi chn vi t hay c cm note negative. 15 . Also, the hotel room was very clean. Cu ny c t also hm hai v tri ngc ngha, v sau r l khen ngi nhng v trc khng c t no do vy c cu vn mang positive. 24. When we got to the hotel they were still cleaning our room, we had to wait 20 minutes before checking in.

Cu ny c ch trch nhng khng c cm t no r rng ghi note. Tuy nhin c th gn negative cho cm had to wait. Data_09: 03. I ve traveled a great deal in the US and some out of the country in plush, high-priced hotels. Cu ny vit sai chnh t, c th khch hng khng bit nhiu ting Anh. 09. Internet should be free....Parking should be free. Cu ny hm ch trch nhng khng c t hm ph nh, c cm t should befree c th note l negative. 21. It advertises free breakfast and internet -. Cu ny ch l nhn nh chung chung. 26.we were looking for a cheap place to stay that was close to attractions. Data_10: 26. =). 40. Highly recommend the J Bar and the Library area for drinks. Data_12 : 06. but other cheap hotels are even farther away. 22. I have booked twice there with expedia, and the first time included the breakfast

buffet , which was a real deal. 42. It also included a coffee maker, mini-fridge and a tv. Data_14 30. By the way, the Tradition Inn also claims it offers free WiFi.

2.4

Mt vi khc bit khi ch thch cng mt kiuPhn ny trnh by mt s t hay kiu ghi ch m trn c t nht 5 trng hp c khc bit ln trong vic note v d nh t clean c th l ambien, c th l positive v cng c th mang c 2 kiu. 2.4.1. Clean

y l t hay gp, chng hn trong file data_11 c th ly ra 5 cu vi cch ghi ch khc bit ln: u tin l kiu clean thng thng, hay gn l positive tr ngha cho t hotel, hotel c gn overall c ngha n m t hu ht cc th trong khch sn cn nh gi.

Th h l t clean nhng gn vi mt t ph nh trc n, c cm t mang ch bai. y l ch phng tm. ReverseRelation ngha l quan h o ngc ngha, cn t weren't clean y s mang ph nh.

Th ba cng l mt cu c quan h ngc li - reverse song li c bit hn bi cu ny thiu cc t ghi ch ph nh d n mang hm ch bai.

Th t l khi t clean c note c hai thuc tnh nh ni. i khi t clean hon ton c th ch v mi trng v t n cng l tnh t khen ngi:

Th nm l mt cu c khc bit v ng php, theo v tr ca t clean s khc i. Ni chung kiu khc bit ny khng quan trng lm trong vic ghi ch v ngha ca cu t khc bit:

Ngoi ra th cng c mt vi cu khc kh th v, nh cu sau khng r l khen hay ch ?

y ti note l Negative v t exceptionally, theo nh gi chung th l ch trch bi khch hng thng d b qua thiu st ca khch sn. Trn y l v d v clean, sau y l 5 cp cu cng kiu nhng c ch thch khc nhau. Ch yu chng cha nhng cp tnh t i lp nh clean, fresh / dirty, stained... cheap, free/ expensive 1. clean vi dirty (cng cu trc cu):

2. Cheap hay free vi expensive. T cheap i khi hm ch bai ch khng phi lun l khen r. Nh cu: Cheap quality everthing but clean

3. Cng l free, inexpensive vi expensive nhng c php khc cht t:

4.

a s u ni tt v phc v (staff), nhng cng c ngoi l:

5.

V d cui cng l little vi large, rng vi hp:

3.

nh gi kt qu

Sau y l kt qu nh gi 4 thnh vin cn li ca nhm. Ti mi nh gi c 3 thnh vin l Trn Tng oan, Nguyn Trung Kin v Bi Mnh Ha. Tt c u nh gi trn cc file t I nn d nh gi nhng khng st thc t nh 10 file

thm sau ny v chng l nhng nh gi thc t ca du khch n NewYork. oantt:File 1 2 3 4 5 Totals: ng Sai 192/250 76.80% 23.20% 33 39 37 42 41

Nguyn Trung KinFiles 1 2 3 4 5 Totals: 76%ng 24%Sai S Cu ng 22 42 37 45 44 190/250

Bi Mnh Ha File 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total: ng 97% sai 3% S cu ng 47 46 50 49 47 48 50 48 387/400

Nguyn Nht Khim:

Chi tit xem Ti liu nh km.

4.

Ti liu tham kho

Vi ngun sau y s gip ch khi nh gi cht lng khch sn:

www.tripadvisor.com/ Trang ny trnh by so snh v tho lun nhiu vn 2. du lch v khch sn nh cnh quan, gi c. C nhiu nh, qung co v ngi dng c th ghi li nh gi ca mnh hay tham gia cc bn nh gi t ng vi 5 mc m tripadvisor a ra. V d chng ta Vit Nam, trang ny c th s gi mt bn cu hi nh gi cc a im nh H Ni, H Long 3. http://brat.nlplab.org/ Trang ch d n brat vi y hng dn s dng, v d ...1.