project title: design construction, operation and...

Revised EIA Report of Design Construction, Operation and; maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Beur Patna, Bihar under NGRBA

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EIA of Beur Sewerage System i

Reports (DPRs) & Bid

Project Title: Design Construction, Operation and,

maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Beur Patna

Bihar under NGRBA

EIA – Beur (Sewerage System)

10th August 2015


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EIA of Beur Sewerage System ii

0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

0.1 Introduction 1 0.2 Project Settings 1 0.3 Associated Implementing Agencies 1 (a) NGRBA 1 (b) State Level Authority 1 (c) BUIDCO 2 (d) Bihar Urban Development Agencies 2 0.4 Scope of EIA 2 0.5 Project Level Legal Frame work 2 0.6 National Law 2 0.7 Existing Sewerage Scenario 3 0.8 proposed work /Implement and activities 3 0.9 Proposed Treatment Technology 4 0.10 Design Periods 4 0.11 Investments 5 0.12 Environmental Baselines 5 0.13 Conclusion and Recommendations 6 0.14 Public Consultations 7 0.15 Summary of the project cost 10

1. INTRODUCTION 12 1.1 Patna the study area 12 1.2 Project Settings 13 1.3 Associated Implementing Agencies 13

1.3.1 NGRBA 13 1.3.2 State Level Authority 13 1.3.3 Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd 13 1.3.4 Bihar Urban Development Agency 13

1.4 Scope of EIA 13 1.5 Need for Environmental Impact Assessment 14 1.6 Purpose and Objectives 14 1.7 Structure of EIA Report 15 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS ALTERNATIVES 16 2.1 Existing Sewerage System 16 2.2 Detail of Sewerage generation in PMC 18 2.3 Terrain Analysis 19 2.4 Project influence area Beur Zone: 19 2.5 General Overview of Beur Zone 20 2.6 Existing STP’s Scenario 20 2.7 Details of sewage Pumping station in Beur Zone 21 2.8 Proposed work/Improvement and activities 22 2.9 Laying of sewer pipeline 22

2.9.1 Pipe Material 22 2.9.2 Recommendation on DWC pipe 22 2.9.3 Sewage Pumping Stations: 23 2.9.4 Some important factors which shall be considered while excavation: 24 2.9.5 Placing and Compaction of Fill and Backfill 24 2.9.6 Disposal of Surplus Material 24 2.9.7 Dewatering of Excess Water 24 2.9.8 Shoring during laying of sewer Pipes 24 2.9.9 Trenchless Technology 25

2.10 Property/ House Connections 26 2.11 Process Design Criteria and Considerations 26 2.12 Sludge Design Criteria 26 2.13 Construction of STP and Wastewater Treatment Processes 27 2.14 Proposed Treatment Technology (Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) 28

2.14.1 Receiving of Sewage: 29


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EIA of Beur Sewerage System iii

2.14.2 Coarse Screening: 29 2.14.3 Raw Sewage Pumping Station: 29 2.14.4 Stilling Chamber:- 30 2.14.5 De-Gritting: 30 2.14.6 Primary Clarifiers: 30 2.14.7 Gravity thickener: 31 2.14.8 Sludge drying: 31 2.14.9 Sludge composting: 31 2.14.10 Outfall of treated Sewerage 31

2.15 Land Requirement 32 2.16 Investment Cost 32 2.17 Implementations Schedule 33 2.18 Financing 35 3. Approach and Methodology 37 3.1 Methodology 38 3.2 Project Screening 39 3.3 Construction of Screening Activity 44 4.0 REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 45 4.1 Project Level Legal Framework 45

4.2 National Law 45 4.3 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations 46 4.4 Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP 49

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE 51 5.1 Introduction 51 5.2 Project influence area 51 5.3 Baseline Condition of Project affecting area. 51 5.3.1 Topography 51

5.3.2 Climate 52 5.3.1 Geology 52 5.3.2 Soil 53 5.3.3 Soil Quality in project influence area 54 5.3.4 Ambient Air Quality 54 5.3.5 Mineral Resources 56 5.3.6 Land use 56 5.3.7 Seismicity 57 5.3.8 METEOROLOGY 59 5.3.9 Wind Speed and direction 61

5.3.10 Cloud Cover 63 5.3.11 Special Weather Phenomenon 63 5.3.12 Relative Humidity 63 5.3.13 Rainfall and Precipitation 63 5.3.14 Overall Climate 63 5.3.15 Water Quality: 64 5.4 Natural Environment 67 5.4.1 Recorded Forest Area 67 5.4.2 Forest Cover 68 5.4.3 Protected Natural Habitats 68 5.4.4 Wildlife Habitats 68 5.4.5 Flora. 69 5.4.6 Fauna 69 5.4.7 Mammals 70 5.4.8 Reptiles 71 5.4.9 Birds 71 5.4.10 Fishes 71


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EIA of Beur Sewerage System iv

6.6.1 Climate 74 6.6.2 Noise 74 6.6.3 Odor 75 6.6.4 Air Quality Impacts 75

5.4.11 Other Visual resources 71 5.4.12 Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora & fauna 71 5.5 Social Environment ` 72

6.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 72 6.1 Introduction 72 6.2 Construction stage: 72 6.3 Operation stage: 72 6.4 Impact on ground and surface water 73 6.5 Impact on Soil 73

a. Construction stage 73 b. Operation Phase 74

6.6 Air quality 74

a. Construction Phase 76 b. Operation Phase 76

6.7 Socio-Economic Impacts 76 6.8 Social Economic Benefits of the Project 77

a. During construction Phase 77 b. During project Operational Phase 77

6.9 Cultural heritage: 77 6.10 Biological Impacts 78 6.10.1 Flora: 78 6.10.2 Fauna: 78

6.11 The Impact of the No-Action to the Proposed Project 78 6.12 Impact Summery 78

7 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 79 7.1 Evaluation Methodology 79 7.2 Physical Environment 79

7.2.1 Groundwater 80 7.2.2 River water and Environment 80 7.2.3 Soil 81 7.2.4 Aesthetic and Landscape Effect 81 7.2.5 Air Quality 81 a. Dust: 81 b. Noise: 81 c. Odor 81

7.3 Biological Environment 82 7.3.1 Loss of natural habitats 82 7.3.2 Deterioration of flora and fauna 82 7.4 Socio-Economic Environment 82

7.4.1 Cultural Heritage and archaeological resources 82 7.4.2 Employment Opportunities 82 7.4.3 Public Health and Safety 83 7.4.4 Land use planning 83

7.5 Energy consumption 83 7.6 Construction waste disposal 84

7.7 Reuse of treated wastewater and sludge 84

8 .0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 85 8.1 Environmental Management Plan 85

8.1.2 Implementation of EMP Specific activity by BUIDCO 85 8.1.3 Specific activity by DBO 85 8.1.4 Implementations of EMP 85


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8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan 105 8.3 EM P Budget 105 8.4 Social management Plan 114 9 .0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 117

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Revised EIA Report of Design Construction, Operation and ; maintenance of STP & Sewer Network at Beur Patna, Bihar under NGRBA

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EIA of Beur Sewerage System vi

Abbreviations

ASP Activated Sludge Process

AWS Augmented Water Supply

BM Bench Mark

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand

BRJP Bihar Rajya Jal Parishad

BSOR Bihar Schedule of Rates

BSPCB Bihar State Pollution Control Board

BUIDCo Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation

CA Contract Agreement

CDP City Development Plan

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering

Organization CS Cross Section

DI Ductile Iron

DPR Detailed Project Report

DSR Delhi Schedule of Rates

DWC Double Walled Corrugated Pipes (PE)

ESMF Environmental & Social Management Framework

FR Feasibility Report

GAP Ganga Action Plan

GI Galvanized Iron

GL Ground level

HDPE High Density Polyethylene pipes

HFL High Flood Level

IDF Intensity, Duration, Frequency

IMD India Meteorological Department

INR Indian Rupee

IPS Intermediate Pumping Station

LS Longitudinal Sections

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest

MoM Minutes of Meetings

MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

MPS Main Pumping Station

MSL Mean Sea Level

MSPL Meinhardt (Singapore) Pte Ltd

NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority

NH National Highway

NMCG National Mission for Clean Ganga

NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre

O&M Operations and Maintenance

PCC Plain Cement Concrete

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PMC Patna Municipal Corporation pmc Project Management Consultancy

PPR Preliminary Project Report

RCC Reinforced Concrete Cement

SBR Sequential Batch Reactor


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EIA of Beur Sewerage System vii

SH State Highway

SOR Schedule of Rates

SPS Sewage Pumping Station

STP Sewage Treatment Plant

TBM Temporary Bench Mark

TOR Terms of Reference

ULB Urban Local Bodies

WBS Work breakdown structure

WSP Waste Stabilization Plant

YAP Yamuna Action Plan List of Units & Measured Used

Crores Indian unit of measurement equivalent to 10,000,000

Lakhs Indian unit of measurement equivalent to 100,000

d Day

l Litres

Ha Hectare

hr Hour

k Kilo (1,000)

kVA Kilo volt amps

l/p/d Litres per person per day

M Mega (1,000,000) m Metre m2 Square metre m3 Cubic metre MIGD Million Imperial Gallons per Day

min Minutes

Ml/d Mega litres per day

mm Millimetre

Pa Pascal

sec Second


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EIA of Beur Sewerage System 1 | P a g e

0.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

0.1 Introduction

The Government of India has given Ganga the status of a National River and has constituted the National

Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) on 20th February 2009, for the comprehensive management of the

river. The main objective of the NGRBA is to ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of

the river Ganga by adopting a river basin approach for comprehensive planning and management. In

regards to this initiative, under pollution abatement programme NGRBA proposes sewerage works for Beur

Zone, Patna. This proposed project will cater to the zone VI of the planned zoning division for sewerage

layout of the Patna city. The existing sewerage infrastructure which was planned & constructed during

Ganga Action Plan II in 1994 has not only been outlived its life but many of the places/localities are

unsewered. At most of the places, all households are discharging their sewage through open drains which

ultimately find its way into the river Ganga. Moreover, there is also an urgent need to augment the

capacity of existing sewage treatment plant to cater to the rate of population growth. As per the

Environmental and Social Management Framework (NGRBA, 2011), the implementation of such river

pollution mitigation projects under the NGRBP is anticipated to encounter a variety of environmental and

social issues/problems. Therefore the study of environment and social impact assessment is required for

analyzing the impacts of proposed project, and suggesting the management plans to handle any negative

impacts.

0.2 Project Settings

The project title is “Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & Bid Documents; Tendering for

Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Projects of Patna under NGRBA”.

This assignment is part of the “Construction of STP and laying of sewer line in different part of Patna city

and financed through a grant from World Bank. The preparation of Environmental and Social Assessment

Report with Management Plan is the part of overall consultancy contract.

0.3 Associated Implementing Agencies

a. NGRBA

The Central Government, by a notification dated 20.2.2009, as set up „National Ganga River Basin

Authority‟ (NGRBA)as an empowered planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for the

Ganga river, in exercise of the powers conferred under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986. The Prime

Minister is ex-officio Chairperson of the Authority, and it has as its members, the Union Ministers

Concerned and the Chief Ministers of states through which Ganga flows, viz., Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh,

Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, among others. The objective of the Authority is to ensure effective

abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic approach with the river

basin as the unit of planning. The functions of the Authority include all measures necessary for planning and

execution of programmes for abatement of pollution in the Ganga in keeping with sustainable

development needs.

b. State Level Authority

The Government of Bihar (GOB) through its Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD)

has been implementing both these program in the state. In Bihar State, Patna & Bodh- Gaya cities had been

identified as mission cities under JNNURM. Apart from these two mission cities, other Urban Local Bodies

(ULBs) in Bihar had been selected for providing Infrastructure facilities under UIDSSMT Programme.


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c. Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd

BUIDCo is a Flagship company to implement and accelerate urban infrastructure projects in the State of

Bihar. These projects include basic infrastructure amenities such as Solid Waste Management, Water Supply,

Drainage Network and Sewerage & Sewage Treatment. Also, projects of urban beautification like River

Front Development, Amusement Parks, Commercial works, Hotels etc. are also being developed by the

BUIDCo.

The preparation of a Comprehensive Master Plan of Sewerage Scheme and Preparation of Detailed Project

Report (DPR) is now taken over by the BUIDCo from PMC.

d. Bihar Urban Development Agency

BUDA, working under Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD), is engaged in systematic

planning, infrastructure development, and creation of civic amenities in urban and semi-urban areas in the

State of Bihar. BUDA has also been designated as the State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) for implementation

of JNNRUM & UIDSSMT program to work as a facilitator in effective implementation of the projects in

the identified ULBs. These program are to be implemented through ULBs.

0.4 Scope of EIA

The proposed sewerage project will be implemented under NGRBA and for that assistance has been sought

from World Bank. According to screening study and as per NGRBA‟s framework the project falls under low

impact category and hence Environmental clearance and EIA study is required. But keeping in view of volume

of work and also as per World Bank‟s safeguard policy (OP: 4.01: Environment Assessment) an

Environmental Assessment warned as the proposed development work envisages to have some impact

(adverse or positive) to surrounding environment.

0.5 Project Level Legal Framework

The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has adopted an Environmental and Social Management

Framework (ESMF) and agreed with the World Bank to apply for its investment projects involving World

Bank fund. This framework describes the policy, principles, and approach to be followed in minimizing and

mitigating adverse social and economic impacts by the sub projects. The social management framework has

four parts viz., (i) Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition Framework; (ii) Indigenous Peoples Management

Framework (IPMF); (iii) Gender Assessment and Development Framework (GAD); and (iv) Consultation

framework.

0.6 National Law

The GoI EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement

for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for

specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land

preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on the

scale of the project and the nature of its impacts.

Environment Clearance requirement is not applicable for this subproject under EIA Notification 2006

as amended till date since the proposed project does not listed in schedule of said notification.

Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the NGRBA, the present


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project of Sewerage work in Sewerage Phase -I in Patna City falls under low impact category since no

significant issues arise from the land to be acquired for pumping stations in Zone -II, III, IVA, V & VI.

In view of the above, these projects would require preparation of an Environmental and Social

Assessment, as part of the DPR, and implementation of Generic Safeguard Management Plan (SMP),

relevant to the project. Therefore, this package as per the guideline of NGRBA fall in "Low Impact" as

there is no requirement of land for Intermediate Pumping stations and also land for STP is readily

available.

0.7 Existing Sewerage Scenario

The city has four sewage treatment plants located at Saidpur (45 MLD), Beur (35 MLD), Beur (25 MLD) and

Karmali Chak (4 MLD) although the quantum of sewage reaching the plants is lower than installed

capacity. It can be clearly concluded that the majority of the city is uncovered by sewer network. Inhabitants

living in area without sewer network have to rely on either decentralised collection system in form of

inhouse septic tanks or on unhygienic open defecation practice.

Figure 0.1: Existing sewerage and drainage network in the city

This zone forms the Southern and central part of the PMC area and the lower portion of this zone are bound

by Punpun River. Beur Zone comprises of ward numbers 10, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19, 29,30,31,32 and

33 covering a total of 19.51 sq.km. area (i.e., around 20% of the project area). The sewage generated in this

zone is routed to 35 MLD STP located in ward 11 and is finally disposed to river Punpun after

treatment. STP is receiving power supply through only one electricity phase.


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S.No STP

Location

Capacity

(MLD)

Year of Commissioning

Operational Status

1 Beur 35 1970 (15 MLD), 1988 (5MLD), 1993 (15 MLD)

Does not operate continuous due to power problem

Zone Area (Sq.Km) Ward Covered Existing capacity of STP, MLD

Beur 19.51 10,11,12,13,14,15, 16,17,18,19,29,30,31, 32,&33

35

The major components of the proposed project include:

179.74 km (Say 180 Km) long sewer network including all required trunk/ branch/ lateral sewer.

Augmenting STP of capcity to 43 MLD (renovation of 20 MLD existing STP + 23 MLD new STP) by

2017 and 70 MLD capacity by 2047

Operation and maintenance

The cost for the sewerage network for Zone II is around Rs 225.77 Crores while the cost of Beur STP plant costs around Rs 68.16 Crores.

0.8 Proposed work/Improvement and activities

Construction of sewers and its appurtenances, sewage pumping stations and sewage treatment plant shall

be carried out using mechanized construction tools and equipments to achieve maximum output.

The entire proposed work/improvement and activities can be broadly divided into three sub heading i.e

laying of sewer pipeline including construction of manhole , construction of sewage pumping station and

construction of STP.

0.9 Proposed Treatment Technology

After detailed alternative study of all available technologies and keeping in view of land availability

SBR treatment technology has been finalized for the proposed project.

0.10 Design Periods Design of sewerage system and proposed STP is planned for design period of 30 years. Considering the

design and construction period of 24 months, the ultimate year for commissioning of sewerage system

/ STP is therefore taken as year 2014-16. Correspondingly the intermediate phase as year 2032 and ultimate

phase as year 2047 have been considered. The sewerage system would be planned and designed for flows

generated up to year 2047 (ultimate phase) and STP would be designed in two phases.

0.12 Investment Cost

Using the commutations of land cost, capital investment cost and annualized O&M cost for the selected

options, a final ranking is presented below;


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Process technology Cost (Lakh Rs.)

Capital Capitalized O&M for 5 years

Total

Sequential (SBR)

Batch Reactor 7050 1762.5 8812.5

0.13 Environmental Baseline

a. Topography

The project city Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. The town is situated at an altitude of

48 - 51 m above mean sea level. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its confluence of rivers

The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna

is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity.

b. Geology

Patna district is a part of the Indo Gangetic alluvium. The district forming a part of the flood plains of the

Ganga has a monotonously flat relief. Patna region is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary age. The

quaternary sediments are deposited unconformable on the Archaean basement.

c. Soil

The Patna river basin area is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is slightly

alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit. In general the Calcareous

Alluvium has higher potential of binding of molecules than the newer alluvium or acidic alluvium and hence

the chance of erosion in Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than acidic alluvium.

b. Mineral Resources

The project influence area does not have any sources of minerals except sand being mined in Ganga and

Sone River beds for construction.

c. Land use

As the proposed project is located in capital city of Bihar state, the project influence entirely falls under urban

periphery. As per the CDP for Patna City, Patna Urban Agglomeration (PUA) area comprises of 146.16

sq.km., with most densely populated wards lying along the banks of Ganga river (300 to 900 persons per ha),

whereas the wards along the southern and western sides have a lower population density of 100 to 300

persons per ha. The land in the PUA is predominantly used for residential purposes constituting 60.88% of

the total area of this 91.7% is unplanned. About 52% of the commercial land use is predominant ribbon

development along the major roads. The PUA is surrounded by three rivers namely: River Ganga in the

Northern side, River Punpun in the Southern side and River Sone in the Western side, thus imposing a natural

barrier for growth of PUA in these sides and hence leaving only the western side for expansion.

d. Seismicity

According to GSHAP data, the state of Bihar lies in a region with moderate to low to high seismic

hazard, though the project site lies in Low Hazard Zone. As per the 2002 Bureau of Indian Standards

(BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones III, IV & V. The project site is falling under Zone IV (as per IS 1893

(Part-I): 2002).


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e. Meteorology

Climatological (long-term) data is obtained from the closest Indian Meteorology Department (IMD)

station or from any other nearby station which has been collecting meteorological data for more than ten years.

It clearly indicates that May and June are the warmest months and December and January are the coolest

months of the year having mean temperatures of 31.58±1.46 and 31.76±2.08 for May and June, respectively.

It is also to be noted that June, July and August are the wettest months of the year following the warm

season and November and December are the driest months with least or no rainfall. Wind activity is also

very high during May and June, whereas in winter, especially in November and December wind activity is

minimal h. Wind Speed and direction

The average wind speed recorded is 1.33 knots. The data of IMD shows the wind directions in project city

are from NE during summer and SW during the winter.

i. Relative Humidity

The relative humidity in project city is round 80 to 93 %.

j. Overall Climate

The Ganga plains zone forms an excessive bowl of warm air, especially during day time. The mean

maximum daily temperature even the coldest month (January) nowhere falls below 21°C. Hot season in the

zone covers the period from April to June, May being the hottest month in the greater part of the area may

rises 40°C and above. The cold weather period extends from December to February, January being the

coldest month when temperature falls below 10°C. In lower Ganga plain, the minimum temperature is

somewhat higher being 11°C at Patna. The onset of monsoon normally occurs in early June in the Lower

Bengal and by the end of July, the monsoon establishes itself over the entire Ganga Plain and results in

heavy downpour and triggered off everywhere till the end of September.

k. Natural Environment

Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora and fauna:- As the project area is

entirely in urban periphery, common flora and fauna is observed presence of any vulnerable or protected

flora/fauna is highly unlikely.

0.14 Conclusions and Recommendations

a. Conclusions

Through the full assessment and evaluation of all environmental concerns of Beur zone Sewerage project it

can concluded that the establishment of the Beur STP and its associated facilities as well as laying of

Sewer pipe line will bring a net ecological, economic, social and health benefits for the its inhabitants. It

will achieve a secondary level and tertiary level treatment for the wastewater generated at household level. On

the other hand, some of the project

components are envisaged to have a temporary or short term negative impacts depending on the different

phases and components of the project. These impacts were discussed in great details in this report. Some of

the environmental issues of special concern are summarized below.

Water resources and water quality: during all phases, the project will have positive impacts on the water

balance in the aquifer in the area as it will contribute significant amount of reusable water. Regarding

groundwater quality, the untreated water will not percolate to project influence area so the quality will be


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improved. The treated water will be good for agricultural purposes.

Treated sewage sludge: The STP will produce great quantities of treated class sludge that will be suitable

for agriculture. However, the treated sewage sludge has significant organic matter content and contains

macronutrients and micronutrients essential for plant growth. It can also contain potential contaminants

such as heavy metals, organic contaminants and pathogens.

Health and safety: There is the possibility of mosquito/flies breeding in the open ponds and channels of

the STP, which can cause nuisance to the people during the summer months. Also possible accidents,

drawings and injuries for residents and workers can be considered a significant negative impact. On the

other hand, the establishment of a treatment of wastewater will minimize/eliminate the spread of water

related diseases, prevent risks of contamination of the soil and groundwater and contribute in the preservation

of the quality of the environment.

Socio-economic: The construction phase will have positive effects on employment. During the construction

phase, services of local subcontractors will be used which will generate job opportunities for skilled and

unskilled workers in addition to professional services of engineers and others. The construction work will

have positive economic effect through employment generation and use of local contractors for construction

activities. The construction of the project will not involve any land acquisition so any negative impact on local

socio-economic is unlikely.

b. Recommendations

In order to alleviate the expected negative impacts and to make the project environmentally sounder,

an EMP was prepared, and it includes: the mitigation plan; the necessary institutional setup; the

monitoring and enforcement requirements; and the capacity building requirements. All the recommendations/

mitigations mentioned in the study should be financed, and incorporated in the construction and supervision

contracts.

0.15 Public Consultation

Local people are being adequately consulted as part of the project preparation. Focused group discussions as

well as informal discussion with local people as well as project implementation authorities were conducted at

different points of time as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment of the project. Most of the people

have welcome the project and their views and suggestion are incorporated in the project and EMP.

While in baseline status of social section, it brings out the status of demographic composition of the

population, general land-use feature of the wards and also details of the social survey outcomes at various

consultations held in different wards of the sewerage district.

Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental or social impacts, but will have

temporary impacts on water quality, air quality (impact on health), traffic blockages, safety hazards fo r

pedestrians, possible damage to private property, possible interruption in commercial activity, and accidental

breakage of other public infrastructure such as water pipes.

Social assessment clearly defines that no issue of land acquisition and livelihood loss is foreseen in the project.

Hence, no compensation provision is required. However, if any loss of livelihood would be noticed during

implementation of this project, then the affected party will be compensated according to Environment and

Social Management Framework (ESMF) guidelines set by the NGRBA. Moreover, some inconvenience

caused to the local public has been reported along with the local mitigation plan which they are adopting to

overcome any nuisance in the ongoing JNNURM project. One strong suggestion which was identified from

consultations was execution of construction work within a scheduled time frame with provision of prior notice


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to residents, shop-owners. A public grievance mechanism (as prescribed by ESMF of NGRBA) is to be

followed. There is a clear mention and highlighting if the social development issues and outcomes in this

report. A section chalking out institutional mechanism, capacity building requirements and monitoring and

evaluation mechanism is also present.

Table 0.1: Impact and its mitigation measures:

Phase Component Key temporary Impacts Key Mitigation Measures

Environmental Construction Phase Environmental

sensitive areas There are no environmental

sensitive areas in the proposed

project area. Further the small

residential parks and road side trees

will not be affected, since the

sewers are planned to be laid in the

middle of the road and will not pass

through these areas.

-

Air quality Probable increase in the dust levels

(RSPM and SPM), during the

construction may temporary

deteriorate the air quality, causing

health problems of respiratory

ailments, leading cause for eye, ear,

nose and throat infections and

related discomfort.

Sprinkling of water at regular

intervals to control dust

especially places where soil is

stockpiled and provision of top

cover for vehicles involved in

disposal of the excess soil

material

Noise levels Increased noise levels due to

construction activities like plying

of construction vehicles, pumping

machines, machinery such as

cranes, riveting machines,

hammering etc, may cause general

disturbances to the human

habitations like sleeplessness in

case construction activity is

extended into the night hours.

Providing curtains or sound

barriers (polysheets/ sheets) all

around the construction site. Proper maintenance of

construction equipment and

vehicles

Water resources Contamination of nearby water

bodies via storm drains (during

rainfall) by un-managed

construction related material like

suspended particles, pollutants like

oil, grease, cement etc, There may

also be temporary blockage of

drains due to unmanaged material

and construction debris

Suggestion to ensure proper

handling and disposing off

construction wastes at

identified refusal sites. Proper stock piling of

excavated soil and not in any

storm drains or any other areas

where water would naturally

accumulate causing flooding.


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Phase Component Key temporary Impacts Key Mitigation Measures

Operation Phase Noise and

air quality No air and noise problem from

sewer line as they will be laid

underground. Improper handling

and irregular maintenance of

operating machines at STP may

lead to increased noise and odour

nuisance during operation activity

causing disturbance to surrounding

human habitation

Proper handling and regular

maintenance of operating

machines at STP including

pumps, generators, air

diffusers, etc.

Water

environment Water contamination and

temporary flooding due to

leakages/ overflows from the

sewer lines may cause unhygienic

condition

Regular monitoring of sewer

line and STP. Suggestion to

ensure appropriate repair work

in less time period.

Social

Construction Livelihood No impact, as there will be no

impact on livelihood of any

permanent shop-owners, licensed

kiosks

But suggested if noticed

during construction, then

should be compensated

according to ESMF

Land acquisition No impact, as no fresh land is

required for any construction -

Inconvenience

to public There will be some minor

inconveniences to the public due

to construction like access to their

premises, etc.

Public notice to be circulated,

construction should be

completed in the given time,

debris should be cleared in

time

Health issues-

due to dust,

noise pollution

During construction dust and noise

generated, can cause nuisance to

people especially elderly and

children, but impact is very limited.

Use of acoustics and water

sprinkling

These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans, which have been suggested as

well, along with monitoring and evaluation of future projects. A lump-sum cost of probable environmental

management plans, which were not a part of DPR was estimated to be approximately Rs. 1.94 crore which is

about 0.25% of overall proposed project cost.

However, keeping in view, the temporary disruptions and impacts, it was concluded that the larger

environmental value of the project greatly outweighs them. The project is expected to benefit the Patna City, as

the wastewater that currently flows untreated into the Ganga River will be captured treated and the remainder

of the treated effluent will be allowed to flow into the river.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


0.16 Summary of total project cost :

Project cost for Networking:

Sr. No. Item Cost

(INR

Crores) Remarks

1. Sewerage system complete with

laterals, collectors, interceptor and

trunk sewers. 147.28

Gravity sewers 200 – 1800 mm diameter of

total length 179.74 km

2. Construction of 0 Nos. of New

Pumping Station @ Rs 5.5 Crores per

SPS 0.00

Civil & EM cost for Proposed & Exisitng

SPSs

3. O&M for sewer lines & SPS incl

other infrastruture with capacity

building 22.06 O&M @ 3% pa for 5 years

4. Total House Connections is 46697

nos. @ Rs 3840 per holding 17.93

House Connections is 46697 nos. @ 06

person per holding (for 2017)

5. Relocation of Utilities

05 Water line, electric poles, telephone line etc

6. Cost for Trenchless Technology 17.21 For 5.10 km (cost analysis from INDsTT)

Sub - Total (Sr. 1 to 6) 209.48

7. Environmental Mitigation and

Monitoring Cost 1.00 During construction & Operation stage

8. Public Outreach & Communication

Cost incl. GAAP 0.30 During construction & Operation stage

Total 210.78

Adding Establishment and

contingencies charges etc @ 8%#

14.99

Total Cost (Rs. in Crores) 225.77 Say Rs 225.77 Cr.

Project Cost for STP:

Sr.No. Item Cost

(INR

Crores) Remarks

1. Construction of New Sewage

Treatment Plants on SBR technology

(23 MLD for 2032) @ 1.5Cr/ MLD 34.50

At Existing available land (Most feasible &

Techno-economical option)

2. Renovation of Existing functional

units to retain 20 MLD. (20 MLD till

2032) @ 0.70 Cr/ MLD 14.00

At Existing available land (Recommended

till 2032)

4. O&M Cost for STP 13.325 Cost of O&M of 05 years* @ 5% per annum

5. Extra cost for disinfection through

UV (8 modules @ 5.5 MLD/ Module) 1.2 @ 15 lacs/ Per module


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Sr.No. Item Cost

(INR

Crores) Remarks

Sub - Total (Sr. 1 to 6) 63.025


Monitoring Cost (EMM Cost) 0.94 During construction & Operation stage

8. Public Outreach and Communication

Cost inc. GAAP 0.22 During construction & Operation stage

Total 64.185

9. Adding Establishment and


3.97



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1.0 Introduction 1.1 Patna the study area

Patna is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar. It is the second largest city in eastern India, after

Kolkata. The Municipal limits of PMC form part of Patna Urban Agglomeration Area (PUAA). The

Patna Municipal Corporation boundaries cover an area of 100 sq km with the present population of

16.83 lacs as per 2011 census, whereas the PUAA covers an area of 146.16 sq km and has a

population of 20.47 lacs. The city is densely of populated and is fast developing as a commercial hub of

Bihar. The city comprises of 72 wards with variant population growth as per amenities & infrastructure

available.

Figure-1: Total Coliform at different monitoring station in Bihar Stretch of River ganga

(source:http://bhenvis.nic.in/water_quality.html)

Geographically the city has a width of 9.5 km. on the western side which gradually reduces to 2.5 km

on eastern side. The city is situated on southern banks of river Ganga and has extended linearly over a

length of 25 km. The western periphery of PUA area is bounded by river Sone whereas on southern

side 20 km away parallel to the city flows Punpun River and join river Ganga. The city forms part of

Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains and has fertile soil. The region is flat permitting wide spread of flood

waters. The soil permits fast percolation of rain water .However, since the ground water table in the

region vary from 2-5 m bgl (below ground level) post monsoon and 5-10 m prior to monsoon, the

absorptions of water in the soil gets reduced in the monsoon period. As per recent survey by World

Bank, Patna is one of the fastest growing city in world in term of Infrastructural development. Some

of the renowned Institutes of India like AIIMS, IIT have been setup to enhance the education system of

the city and thus would attract people of outskirt to sustain good quality life. The fixed load is due to

additional settlements in the city and floating load is due to various people visiting the city due to

business, religious tourism, and other reasons. The already inadequate infrastructure is unable to bear the

pressure of increased institutional and commercial activities.

1.2 Project Settings

http://bhenvis.nic.in/water_quality.html


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


The p r o j e c t title is “Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & Bid Documents; Tendering for

Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Projects of Patna under

NGRBA”. This assignment is part of the “Construction of STP and laying of sewer line in different part

of Patna city and financed through a grant from World Bank.

1.3 Associated Implementing Agencies

1.3.1 NGRBA

The Central Government, by a notification dated 20.2.2009, as set up „National Ganga River Basin

Authority‟ (NGRBA)as an empowered planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for

the Ganga river, in exercise of the powers conferred under the Environment (Protection) Act,1986. The

Prime Minister is ex-officio Chairperson of the Authority, and it has as its members, the Union

Ministers Concerned and the Chief Ministers of states through which Ganga flows, viz., Uttarakhand,

Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, among others. The objective of the Authority is to

ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic

approach with the river basin as the unit of planning. The functions of the Authority include all

measures necessary for planning and execution of programmes for abatement of pollution in the Ganga

in keeping with sustainable development needs.

1.3.2 State Level Authority

The Government of Bihar (GOB) through its Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD)

has been implementing both these program in the state. In Bihar State, Patna & Bodh- Gaya cities

had been identified as mission cities under JNNURM. Apart from these two mission cities, other

Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar had been selected for providing Infrastructure facilities under

UIDSSMT Programme.

1.3.3 Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd

BUIDCo is a Flagship company to implement and accelerate urban infrastructure projects in the

State of Bihar. These projects include basic infrastructure amenities such as Solid Waste

Management, Water Supply, Drainage Network and Sewerage & Sewage Treatment. Also, projects of

urban beautification like River Front Development, Amusement Parks, Commercial works, Hotels etc. are

also being developed by the BUIDCo.

The preparation of a Comprehensive Master Plan of Sewerage Scheme and Preparation of Detailed

Project Report (DPR) is now taken over by the BUIDCo from PMC.

1.3.4 Bihar Urban Development Agency

BUDA, working under Urban Development and Housing Department (UD&HD), is engaged in

systematic planning, infrastructure development, and creation of civic amenities in urban and semi-

urban areas in the State of Bihar. BUDA has also been designated as the State Level Nodal Agency

(SLNA) for implementation of JNNRUM & UIDSSMT program to work as a facilitator in effective

implementation of the projects in the identified ULBs. These program are to be implemented through

ULBs.

1.4 Scope of EIA

The present report is the Environmental Impact Assessment Report and includes major results, conclusions

and recommendations of the study‟s fourth task. The scope of the EIA will describe various

components of the environment of the area(s) to be affected or created by the alternatives under

consideration. Data and analyses in the EIA will be commensurate with significance of the impact. The

EIA will include discussions of direct effects and their significance; indirect effects and their

significance; possible conflicts between the proposed action and land use plans, polices and controls for

the areas concerned, and conservation potential of alternatives and mitigation measures. At the same


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


time, the EIA will include urban quality; historic and cultural resources and the design of the built

environment, including the reuse and conservation potential of various alternatives and mitigation

measures; and means to mitigate adverse environmental impacts. For each significant adverse impact, the

section will identify proposed mitigation measure(s). The earlier study done of similar nature has been

reviewed, and taking into account latest official statistics for population number and growth rates.

The proposed sewerage project will be implemented under NGRBA and for that assistance has been

sought from World Bank. According to screening study and as per NGRBA‟s framework the project falls

under low impact category and hence Environmental clearance and EIA study is required. But keeping

in view of volume of work and also as per World Bank‟s safeguard policy (OP: 4.01: Environment

Assessment) an Environmental Assessment warned as the proposed development work envisages to

have some impact (adverse or positive) to surrounding environment.

1.5 Need for Environmental Impact Assessment Modern economic development strategies and programmes based on the use of natural resources and

technology. Frequently, such activities involve purposeful changes and heavy burden on inherently

complex environmental ecosystems. The changes, which consequently occur over time and space, are

for the most part poorly understood and may often be unforeseen. During recent decades, public

knowledge and concerns about the economy and the environment have changed significantly. It is now

widely recognized that economic systems are inextricably linked to the environment and that human

health and well-being depend on a healthy environment. EIA plays a central role in acquiring information

on the social and environmental implications including water resources implications of development

programmes and projects, identifying the measures necessary to protect the resource and related

ecosystems and then ensuring that such measures are implemented. EIAs are concerned not only with

impacts on the natural environment but also with effects on the social environment. Hence, the EIA

touches the heart of the need for cross-sectoral integration involving project developers, water managers,

decision-makers and the public, and provides a mechanism or tool to achieve the sustainable

development aspect.

1.6 Purpose and Objectives This study is an assessment of the environmental impacts and benefits of the Sewerage & Sanitation

Project and its ecological effects on the existing and the planned situation. The EIA study will be

conducted in order to:

a. Ensure that the project will not have irreversible negative impacts on the environment including:

water, soil, air, ecology and socio-economic aspect,

b. Identify both positive and negative impacts,

c. Develop actions and measures to mitigate negative impacts,

d. Make sure that all stakeholders concerned are aware of the project and their views and comments

are taken into consideration to the maximum possible extent.

The study should be considered as an aid to improve the decision making process as it seeks public

opinion and external knowledge in order to ensure a maximum degree of fairness and balance in the

final decision.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


1.7 Structure of the Report

This report deals with the Environment Assessment with Management Plan for the Sewerage works for Beur

Zone, Patna. It rolls out the baseline status of the existing sewage situation and analyzes the situation if the

proposed project is implemented, with its possible implications and to negate those implications management

plan is advised which is as per the Environment and Social Management Framework. The present EIA report

has been arranged in following chapters:

0.0 Executive Summary This chapter describes summary of the project, Portfolios of Investments, the ESMF and need of EIA study 1.0 Introduction This chapter describes briefly describes the project, Portfolios of Investments, the ESMF and need of EIA Study 2.0 Project Description:

Project description is discussed pertaining to the proposed sewerage project Beur Zone of Patna. This chapter provides insight into the various component of the proposed project and briefly discusses about the

previous projects attempted for River Ganga in Patna. 3.0 Approach and Methodology:

This chapter describes summary of the project method and its procedure of writing. 4.0 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

This Chapter captures the policy and legal framework of government of India as well the policies of World

Bank that are applicable to the project. 5.0 Description of Environment Description of the baseline environmental condition including the baseline conditions of river water

quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecology, air, noise and soil quality are briefly described in this chapter. 6.0 Analysis of Alternative This chapter describes the alternatives considered in the project towards improving the project.

7.0 Environment Impacts This chapter provides details of the potential impacts from the project on various environmental factors and

mitigation measures proposed for the construction and operation stage 8.0 Environmental Management Plan

This chapter envisages the requirement of Environmental Management Plan including the

monitoring and supervision framework for the implementation of EMP along with the budget for

implementing EMP 9.0 Conclusion and Recommendation This chapter provides the conclusion about the implementation of the project and provides necessary

recommendations


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


2. Description of the Project and its Alternatives

2.0 About the City

Patna city lies on the 25°20‟ North latitude and 85° 03‟ East longitude. Patna is the capital of the Indian

state of Bihar and the second largest city in Eastern India (in terms of population). Patna is one of the

oldest inhabitated & civilized places in the world. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the capital of

the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda, Mauryan, Sunga, Gupta, Pala and Suri dynasties. Patna

is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its

confluence of rivers. The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara, Gandak,

Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity.

The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of the Ganges. Patna is approximately 25 km

long and 9 km to 10 km wide. The city has grown up gradually from the ancient age with the name

„Pataliputra‟. It is located between the river Ganges in the North, the river „Pun Pun‟ in the South and the

river „Sone‟ in the west. The geographical location of the Patna Urban Area is on the southern bank of

River Ganges between latitudes 25°30‟N & 25°40‟N and longitudes 85°0‟E &85°-15‟E. It is the 14th

most populous agglomeration in India and 168th in the world with a population of approximately 1.8

million. It is the second largest city in eastern India, after Kolkata. Today, all major industries have a

base in Patna reflecting the growing importance of the city. There has been significant enhancement in

GDP of Bihar in the last decade. The growth of economy, urbanization & population trends are indicators

that city shall continue to develop rapidly in next two-three decades. It is also fast emerging as a hub of

higher education with institutes of national repute being started in Patna. The modern city of Patna is

situated on the southern bank of the Ganga. The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Gandak and Punpun.

The city is approximately 25 km long and 9 km to 10 km wide.

Figure 2-1: Clockwise from top: Budha Memorial Park, Takht Sri Patna Sahib, Patna Museum,

and Martyr’s Memorial Patna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldest_continuously_inhabited_places_in_the_world

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Patna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pataliputra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magadha_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanka_dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanda_dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurya_dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunga_dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala_dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suri_dynasty

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganga_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaghara_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandak

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punpun_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sone_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilometer

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_million-plus_agglomerations_in_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_million-plus_agglomerations_in_India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna_Museum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr%27s_Memorial_Patna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr%27s_Memorial_Patna


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2.1 Existing Sewerage System

The sewerage system in project city patina was first introduced in 1936-39. The existing system has

been augmented several times. This augmentation include network of Beur of about 8 km main

sewer lines against 179.74 km proposed network. But, the existing system is too old to sustain even

present population load. The gap of network forces public for disposing their waste water into open

nallas through which it reaches to River Ganga through different outfalls/ nalah like Mandiri ,

Kurjee etc. The sewer lines are also very old and most of them due to siltation & encroachment are

under utilization. Most of the sewer lines are encroached/ broken at various places and thus not

recommended to retain/ rehabilitate into proposed network. There are some pumping stations already

exist in the Beur Zone which lifts waste water either from open nalla or sewer lines and through

rising main dispose into either into major nallas or STP. The city has four sewage treatment plants located at Saidpur (45 MLD), Beur (35 MLD), Beur (25

MLD) and Karmali Chak (4 MLD) although the quantum of sewage reaching the plants is lower than

installed capacity. It can be clearly concluded that the majority of the city is uncovered by sewer

network. Inhabitants living in area without sewer network have to rely on either decentralised collection

system in form of inhouse septic tanks or on unhygienic open defecation practice. Figure below

depicts the existing sewerage network (Shown by yellow lines on the map):

Figure 2.1: Existing sewerage and drainage network in the city


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Out of the five sewerage zones depicted above, four have STPs in them whereas sewage collected

from Digha zone finds its way to the Beur STP.

Coverage Area of various zones is as tabulated below

Zone Digha Zone Beur Zone Saidpur Zone Beur Karmali Chak Zone

Area, km2 26.49 19.91 27.38 21.62 7.53

Although sewerage systems were first started in Patna city during the year 1936-39 but its penetration at

present still lags behind other Indian cities of comparable population and growth rates. The installed

capacities of Sewage treatment plants is 109 MLD, but are receiving approximately 61 MLD of sewage, as

the existing scheme requires renovation/ maintenance to run the STPs at their installed capacity. A ward

wise summary of all the zones as per existing sewerage plan of PMC is tabulated below:

2.2 Detail of Sewerage generation in PMC

Table-2.1 Details of Sewerage Generation in Patna City

S.No STP Location Capacity (MLD)

Year of Commissioning

Operational Status

1 Saidpur 45 1936 (2MLD), 1957 (2.55 MLD), 1964 (11.82), 1971 (11.82), 1999 (16.8)


2 Beur 35 1970 (15 MLD), 1988 (5MLD), 1993 (15

MLD)


3 Beur 25 1994 Does not operate continuous due to power problem


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


4 Karmali Chak 4 Does not operate continuous due to power problem

Details of sewerage generation in Patna Municipal Corporatio (PMC)

Table- 2.2 Ward wise coverage of Beur Zone

Zone Area (Sq.Km) Ward Covered Existing capacity of

STP, MLD

Digha 26.49 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,20 ----

Beur 19.51 10,11,12,13,14,15, 16,17,18,19,29,30,31, 32,&33

35

Saidpur 27.38 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,36,37,38,39,40, 41, 42,43,47,48, 49,50,51,52,53 & 54

45

Beur 21.62 34,35,44,45,46,53,55,6,57,58,59,60,61,6 3, 64 & 65

25

Karmalichak 7.53 62,63,66,67,69,70,68, 71 & 72 4 2.3 Terrain Analysis

Topography, terrain and geographical boundaries of PMC were studied to evaluate feasible options for

catchment boundaries & disposal channel route. Some of the salient aspects of terrain analysis are as

under:

a. Beur zone is situated west of patna son canal and south of Howrah-Delhi railway line, with River

Sone in the West and River Punpun in the South.

b. The zone have mild slope from North to South. Whereas, the HFL of river Ganga is 51.3 m

[169‟ (51.51m) – 1975/1984 floods].

c. Zone is bifurcated from other part of Patna city by Delhi-Howrah railway line on north, NH-

83/ Patna Gaya railway line in east. It has the PMC boundary on eastern and southern side.

Badshahinalla which is a prominent nalla flows in south of the zone and carries sewage load of

Beur after treatment from STP.

2.4 Project influence area Beur Zone:

Patna city covering an area of 100 sq.km is subdivided into 5 district zones ( Digha, Beur, Saidpur, Beur,

Karmali chak ). The old Beur Zone of Patna as per the existing sewerage scheme is now divided in

two zones namely Zone -II & IV. This zone have a STP within its boundary at Beur STP (35 MLD plant)

site. As per new designation of Zones, zone –II covers mostly the same area as Beur zone except some

part falls in Zone -IV. The terrain profile of the zone results in an economical sectioned sewer system

with flow directed in western direction. This zone forms the west-southern part of city. The west side of

this zone is bound by Patna son canal, Rupaspur, Dhonaut, Jalapur, Khanpura and Phulwari Sharif and

on south it is bounded by Badshahi Nalla & PMC boundary.

2.5 General Overview of Beur Zone

The old Beur Zone of Patna as per the existing sewerage scheme is now divided in two zones namely Zone

-II & IV. This zone have a STP within its boundary at Beur STP (35 MLD plant) site. As per new

designation of Zones, zone –II covers mostly the same area as Beur zone except some part falls in Zone -

IV.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


The terrain profile of the zone results in an economical sectioned sewer system with flow directed in

western direction. This zone forms the west-southern part of city. The west side of this zone is bound by

Patnason canal, Rupaspur, Dhonaut, Jalapur, Khanpura and Phulwari Sharif and on south it is

bounded by Badshahi Nalla & PMC boundary. The south side area of this catchment includes

Ranipur, Alba Colony etc and on east side it has the area named Ajanpur Colony, Dasratha, IOCL

plant etc & Patna-Gaya railway line is forming the eastern boundary. The north part is bounded by

Delhi-Howrah railway line. Area of zone-II is about 11.50 sq. km. (i.e. 11.50% of project area).

At present Beur zone has an existing ASP based STP capacity of 35 MLD which is catering a load of 16

MLD with primary level of treatment. The ultimate population for Zone-II is projected as 2.80 lacs,

3.94 lacs & 5.82 lacs for 2017, 2032 & 2047. On the basis of population projections the

immediate (year 2017), intermediate (year 2032) and ultimate (year 2047) sewage generation from

this zone is calculated at, 33.62 MLD, 47.29 MLD and 69.81 MLD respectively. 2.6 Existing STPs Scenario

First STP commissioned in this zone was in 1970 with 15 MLD which was augmented in 1988 with 5

MLD add-on. Further in 1993 with increase in population load, Buer STP was again augmented

with a capacity of 15 MLD. This cumulative total capacity of Beur STP is thus 35 MLD. Out of 35

MLD, only 15 MLD is ASP based and rest 20 MLD is with only Primary treatment.

But, these treatment facilities are not fully operational as they are treating only 16 MLD of sewage as

against designed capacity of around 35 MLD. Some of the reasons for lesser inflow are improper

maintenance of the sewer network due to siltation, dumping of refuse, debris, damaged pipes &

manholes etc; besides for want of repair & maintenance of STPs. Further the existing STPs serves

very few households which have central sewerage system facilities available. The sewer network are

essentially the sanitary sewers and do not carry sullage (waste water) in the sewage system. These

facts indicate that besides the complete sullage, the existing drains are carrying bulk of sewage

discharge also.

With the present population of 2.36 lacs which generates sewage discharge of 28.41 MLD, open

drains are acting as sewers during the dry weather flow. Whereas, in the monsoon, the same

infrastructure is serving the dual purpose i.e. as sewers and drains. Thus making the situation worst for

the local public. It is noteworthy that at most of the places/ localities, all households are discharging their

sewage/ sullage through open drains into the nallas. The situation is further aggravated as all the solid

waste is also being disposed off into these public drains. Due to the encroachment and dumping of

solid waste causes silt deposition, the solid waste does not only obstruct the flow but due to the

putricible organic matter present in sewage/ waste (which is biodegradable), causes septic condition

resulting in foul odour and fly nuisance making the surrounding highly unhygienic. In addition to the

same, the solid waste settles into the drains causing siltation which further have reduced the carrying

capacity of drains. Water logging in open/ low lying area is a common phenomenon in the city.

This zone forms the Southern and central part of the PMC area and the lower portion of this zone are

bound by Punpun River. Beur Zone comprises of ward numbers 10, 11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,

29,30,31,32 and 33 covering a total of 19.51 sq.km. area (i.e., around 20% of the project area). The

sewage generated in this zone is routed to 35 MLD STP located in ward 11 and is finally disposed to

river Punpun after treatment. STP is receiving power supply through only one electricity phase.

The pipe diameters in this zone vary from 150mm to 1200 mm RCC pipes. Sewage collected within the

zone is pumped through Sewage Pumping Stations located at a number of locations, the details of the

same is presented below:


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


2.7 Details of sewage Pumping station in Beur Zone

Table 4.3 Details of Sewerage Pumping Station in Beur Zone

S No Pumping Station Location Rising Main Pipe Diameter

(mm) Length (M)

1 Kurjee 400 (C.I) 410

2 Rajapur 350 (C.I) 25

3 Mandiri 400 (C.I) 425

4 Dhobi Ghat 700 (C.I) 425

5 Shastri Nagar 350 (C.I) 25

6 Riding Road 100 (C.I) 45

7 Babu Bazar 600 (R.C.C) 523

8 P.Point 800 (C.I) 834

Table 4.4 Details of flow reaching from different outfall/drains to Beur STP

S. No Outfall/Drain Expected Discharge (MLD)

1 Mandiri outfall 8.00

2 Rajapur outfall 11.00

3. Kurjee outfall 4.00

4. Patel Nagar outfall 3.00

5. Mithapur Pumping Station 8.00

6 Babu Bazar 1.00

To treat this additional wastewater reaching the Beur STP, the treatment capacity of the STP was

enhanced to 20 MLD by increasing the weir length of PST & & SST and a new STP with capacity of 15

MLD with primary treatment only was constructed under GAP (Phase I). Thus the final designed capacity

of Beur STP after renovation and augmentation work is 35 MLD, out of this, 15 MLD capacities is

only for Primary treatment and 20 MLD can be treated through Activated Sludge Process.

The combined effluent from old and new STP of Beur is brought under gravity to effluent lifting

station which has been constructed at distance of about 900 m from Beur STP. The actual flow to the point

is about 15-18 MLD and it remains underutilized due to unconnected/unlaid sewer network. Existing sewer

lines at various places are silted & choked due to lack of proper maintenance Nine submersible pumps in

the plant require maintenance. Besides this few intermediate pumping stations require maintenance work

and an aeration chamber and a secondary settling tank is also proposed for construction. The wastewater

collection system through intermediate pumping is not properly managed and as a result the sufficient

volume of wastewater is not reaching the STP. There are two digesters in this plant. The digesters are in

operation, but gas produced in them is not utilized for power generation but flared up. The treated

sewage from this plant is disposed through 1500 m long effluent channel starting from effluent lifting

station situated at Beur village and meeting Badshahi drain. The treated sewage is utilized for irrigation

otherwise reaching to river Punpun after covering a distance of 15 k.m. The capacity of sludge drying beds

is inadequate and should be enhanced. The plant is not working continuously due frequent power failure. 2.8 Proposed work/Improvement and activities

Construction of sewers and its appurtenances, sewage pumping stations and sewage treatment plant shall

be carried out using mechanized construction tools and equipments to achieve maximum output. Use of

prefabricated material is encouraged to improve quality of works, simultaneously improving efficiency of

construction schedule.


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Trenches shall be excavated to the specified depth below the barrel of the pipe. The excavation of

trenches for pipelines shall be done mechanically using appropriate equipments. The proposed excavation

at any one time shall be limited to such lengths, which does not cause inconvenience to surrounding

inhabitants and road traffic.

The entire proposed work/improvement and activities can be broadly divided into three sub heading

i.e laying of sewer pipeline including construction of manhole, construction of sewage pumping

station and construction of STP. 2.9 Laying of sewer pipeline 2.9.1 Pipe Material

Sewer pipes are made from concrete, reinforced concrete, vitrified clay, asbestos cement, brick

masonry, cast iron, ductile iron, steel and plastic. Though the design of sewer network is done

considering RCC pipes (n=0.011) as for HDPE/ DWC, there was no detail available in the manual of

CPHEEO (second edition for sewerage & sewage treatment plants). Further, the Final Draft Manual

(CPHEEO, third edition) includes HDPE with some advantages over RCC pipes for sewer network.

However, HDPE pipes have so many advantages, it lacks somewhere, and where RCC pipes proves

better.

Though the cost estimation & design has been formulated with consideration of RCC pipes, it is a

considered opinion of the consultant that considering the various as described in section above. It is

considered to use RCC pipes of various grades (like NP2 and NP3) in design of sewerage network at

design stage.

Economically, RCC pipes are cheaper as compared to DI/CI/HDPE pipes for any considered diameter

and are also readily available in the market. For pumping mains, it is considered to use DI pipes for

their excellent strength and long useful life, though cost wise DI pipe is marginally (about 2 to 4%)

costlier over CI pipe. RCC-NP4 pipes are proposed where railway /road crossing are to be carried out

as per the guidelines of railway board.

Further, after detailed comparison of different types of pipe materials available, consultant request the

client BUIDCO to suggest for HDPE pipes so as to make Patna Sewerage Scheme (network) for long

lasting). After the approval of HDPE pipe, at final DPR with some hydraulic design modification

(this will enhance the velocity & quality of flow) 2.9.2 Recommendation on DWC pipe

It is the considered opinion of the consultant to utilize DWC pipes upto 1000 mm dia so as to

provide ease in execution work. Also after detailed market analysis, consultant has found that there are

05 manufactures of DWC pipes in india out of which one is in Kolkata (near to Patna @500km). With

great efficiency and major advantages, consultant would leave the selection of pipe choice to

BUIDCO. The overall cost of sewer network will be on lower side by using DWC pipes.

Both RCC & HDPE pipes are proposed for this particular Zone so as to expedite the work and also ease

in construction. HDPE pipes are used mostly upto the dia of 250 mm and that too is proposed for 25%

of total length. Other design/ larger dia and rest 70% (200 to 250mm) are proposed with RCC pipe

(NP2/NP3).

2.9.3 Sewage Pumping Stations:

Initially it was proposed by the consultant to have one SPS for this zone near to Pakri area (south of

Bye-Pass road). But due to the issues related to the procurement of private land, BUIDCo has

advised to reduce the number of proposed SPSs location in each zone. With the suggestions and


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detailed discussions held during Revised FR & DPR stage, the proposal of SPS in this zone has been

omitted with modification in design, so there is no proposed SPS for this Zone. 2.9.4 Some important factors which shall be considered while excavation:

Trenches shall be excavated only as far in advance of the pipe laying operation as safety, traffic, and

weather conditions permit. Caution shall be exercised with respect to structures, piping, or other

man-made obstacles that may exist within the working area and due consideration given to the

protection and support of such properties and structures.

Trenches shall be excavated to the section & dimensions as shown on the civil drawing (by civil &

construction company). Trenches stability safety procedures shall confirm to work safe regulation.

In road right-of-way, the trenches width shall be kept to minimum and the trench width be such that at

least one-way traffic can be maintained at all the times unless otherwise approved by Concerned

Engineer.

To prevent damage to existing utilities, excavate the last 300 mm above the utility by hand. If, in the

opinion of Engineer, trench width exceeds the maximum allowable for pipe support, the contractor,

may be required to provide a higher class of bedding, a pipe with a higher strength class or concrete

encasement at no extra cost to the owner.

Excavation for manholes shall be to dimensions which will permit assembly of the sections in

accordance with these specifications, except that concrete for manhole may be cast against the wall of

the excavation, if the soil conditions are suitable. Excavate trenches only as far in advance of pipe laying operation as safety, traffic and weather

condition permit. In no case shall open trenches exceeds 30 m. All excavations left unattended shall be

adequately protected with approved fencing and barricades and with flashing lights where required. 2.9.5 Placing and Compaction of Fill and Backfill

Handling, placing, spreading, compacting, wetting, trimming and quality control of fill material for

compacted fill shall be as shown on the drawings or in accordance with the specifications. Fill shall be

spread by manual / machine in successive horizontal layers of not more than 150 mm loose depth.

Longitudinal or transverse joints in any two successive layers shall be staggered by a minimum

distance of 3 m. Backfilling shall be done after successful hydro testing.

Samples of all materials for testing, both before and after placement and compaction, shall be taken

at frequent intervals. From these tests, corrections, adjustments, modifications of methods, materials

and moisture content shall be made. Compaction operations shall be continued until the embankment is

compacted to not less than 95% of the standard maximum dry density, at optimum moisture

content as determined by the compaction control tests as per relevant code of practice. Compact of

fill shall be done by using approved compacting equipments like pneumatic rubber tyred rollers,

tamping rollers and other approved compacting equipment.

Where excavations have been supported and the supports are to be removed, these, where

practicable, shall be withdrawn progressively as backfilling proceeds in such a matter as to minimize

the danger of collapse, and all voids formed behind the supports shall be carefully filled and compacted.

Only if this is not possible the supports shall be cut off and left in the ground. Backfilling of soil shall

be done in layers (150mm) as accorded in CPHEEO manual. After achieving the requisite compaction

only then the next layer shall be backfilled. The ground shall be restored to its original condition.

The backfilling shall be carried out and verified by the Engineers. Further all testing shall be completed

before commencement of backfilling.


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2.9.6 Disposal of Surplus Material

The surplus excavated material shall be disposed off at locations proposed on drawings (at

Construction stage), in an environmental friendly manner. Storing excavated material ,

whether temporarily or permanently, shall be subject to prior approval. Where required, drains shall be

constructed to prevent the undesirable accumulation of water in or around spoil dumps.

Surplus excavated material which is not required for the works, as shown on the drawings or specified

elsewhere herein shall be disposed of at sites obtained by the Contractor. Waste material shall not be

dumped on private property without the written permission of the owner of the property and a fill

permit obtained from the City of Patna. The Contractor shall exercise particular care to avoid

spillage on paved roadways over which excavated material is hauled, and any such spillage shall be

cleaned up promptly by sweeping. Care shall also be exercised to avoid spreading the excavated

material over a wide area and rutting or otherwise damaging unnecessarily adjacent property when side

casting of excavated material is permitted. 2.9.7 Dewatering of Excess Water

During construction, ground and surface water shall be controlled to the extent that excavation and

pipe installation can proceed in the specified manner and such that the trench bottom is not disturbed to

the detriment of the pipe installation. Trench water shall not be permitted to enter the pipe being

installed unless approval is received from the Engineer.

Pumps, well points, or other equipment shall be employed to keep excavations free of water. Caution

shall be exercised to make sure that foundation problems with existing structures and works under

construction do not result from the selected method of dewatering excavations.

Discharge from pumps, well points, or other dewatering equipment shall be located and controlled

such that loss, damage, nuisance, or injury does not result.

The contractor shall be responsible for any claims or actions resulting from the dewatering operation.

2.9.8 Shoring during laying of sewer Pipes The total length of sewer line to be laid in the city is 1350 km and the depth of sewers varies from

1m to 6m in general. It is implied that such extensive sewer networks would necessitate extensive

excavations and restoration of the excavated works, besides restoration of roads. The sewer laying is

slow, time consuming process, wherein the degree of difficulty increases with the larger depths. In

Patna the problem gets further compounded due to high water table and narrow lanes. In general a

trench depth upto 1.5m can be excavated without provision of shoring. However, for depth greater

than 1.5m, the trench walls are to be secured with timber shoring to prevent collapsing of side walls.

Incidentally the Bihar Schedule of Rates only provision for timber shoring and thus in the detailed

estimation and costing, consultant has considered the timber shoring.

However, it is noteworthy that the timber shoring work is highly labour intensive, time consuming

and do not fully withstand the high soil pressures, besides the load of moving traffic in the adjoining

roads and shoring bulges or creates a constant risk for working crew. While with comparison to

conventional shoring mechanism used widely in Indian scenario, consultant has opted this

mechanical shoring after considerations and its requirements, such as:

• It will protect collapsing of earth while excavation.

• It will provide safeguard to the workers

• It will factor water table and hence work will not get laid back.

• It will smoothen the work and thus fasten excavation speed.

• Since, it doesn't require step cutting, it will save excavation amount & time.


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• It generally requires less area to excavate and thus would provide relief to local while in

construction stage too.

In fact, the activity of shoring activity becomes most limiting and critical activity which governs the

speed of execution of work. Therefore, for larger projects, the Mechanical shoring has swiftly replaced

the conventional shoring. Mechanical shoring is further more durable, is safer to use and gives larger

numbers of repeated use.

The consultant has carried out the cost analysis and comparisons of timber shoring & steel shoring

system, For a 30 m length, trench width 1.5m and depth of 2.4m, 4.8m and 7.2m considering 04

numbers for timber shoring; 50 numbers for steel shoring & 350 number (manufacturer states that

the system can effectively used for 400 repetitions) for Mechanical shoring (SBH) of repetitions

respectively.

2.9.9 Trenchless Technology

Trenchless technology, as the name implies, stands for subsurface construction works where fewer

trenches or no continuous trenches are required to be dug. Trenchless construction refers to such

construction methods as tunnelling, micro-tunnelling (MTM), horizontal directional drilling (HDD)

also known as directional boring, pipe ramming (PR), pipe Jacking (PJ), horizontal auger boring

(HAB) and other methods for the installation of pipelines and cables below the ground with minimal

excavation.

The most important advantages of trenchless technology can be summarized as follows:

• Road damage is minimized,

• Fast laying as no reinstatement of the surface is necessary

• No impact on residents and traffic in construction area

• No harmful impact on Environment or if have, very little

• No disruption of highway traffic thanks to little or no excavation

• No construction noise because these are no construction vehicles and construction activities

as known with conventional open trench pipe-laying.

• Trenchless technology now encompasses a wide range of techniques which can be

distinguished by the equipment or by the method used. Different trenchless technique like Pipe pushing/ pipe jacking & guided Augur Boring are

recommended by consultant for application of trenchless as this method is widely been used in

Indian scenario & considering the techno-economics fir other types, it suits Patna site condition.

2.10 Property/ House Connections

While the Sewerage system has been designed as a comprehensive network, the system will become

operational only after making the House Connections to the main sewer. The House Connection has

large social ramification as public in general is to be motivated to dispense the septic tanks and join

their House Connection to the sewer lines. There may be resentment in public due to financial

burden on consumers. Conceptually, a collection pit shall be constructed ahead of building lines and

before the main road to which adjoining houses will connect their sewers. Joining of sewer lines

beyond the property line upto the collection pit shall be the responsibility of property owner. However,

the construction of collection pit and its further joining with the main sewer has been factored into

this project, and cost accordingly included in the project.

The construction/ execution of project is planned to be completed by 2017 including STPs & sewer

network for Package -1 (Beur). House connections for whole project are considered to be executed

by or before 2019 end in phase wise manner.


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2.11 Process Design Criteria and Considerations

As water resources in project city is good , the main disposal for the final effluent of treated

wastewater is of reuse for irrigation of agricultural land. Treated effluent will thus be discharged

through an effluent pipeline to Punpun Rive through approx 15 km long Badshahi Nallah. Based on

initial design report and according to Clients‟ and counterparts‟ decision, the treated effluent

requirements are based on required effluent quality for infiltration and irrigation. In principle the

treated sewage is utilized for irrigation otherwise reaching to river Punpun after covering a distance of

15 k.m. 2.12 Sludge Design Criteria

Any sewage treatment plant will produce sludge as a by-product. The quantity and characteristics

vary as a function of the selected sewage treatment process and the sludge treatment applied. The

sludge treatment is selected on one side depending on the wastewater process and on the other side as

a function of the method of final disposal of the sludge. This final disposal and the management of

the sludge is therefore an important factor for the selection and the design of the sludge process.

Generally, there are today three main options for sludge disposal:

a. Reuse in agriculture as organic fertilizer,

b. Incineration, and,

c. Disposal at nearest land fill.

In this case the agricultural reuse option has been selected as the most appropriate solution:

• Sewage treatment sludge is an excellent soil improver, due to its content of phosphorus and

nitrogen and, in particular, due to the amendment of organic matter. It is a long-term

environmentally sustainable solution for recycling of organic matter to the nature,

• Due to absence of connected polluting industries in the project area, the heavy metals levels

are expected to be well under the acceptable limits,

• Agricultural land is available in the project area for sludge spreading.

A storage area must in most cases be implemented, since sludge application is possible only during

certain periods of the year. The sludge should be well stabilized prior to reuse to minimize any health

risk and assure farmer‟s acceptability for sludge reuse. Sludge shall also have reasonable dry solids

content so that the cost for transportation to the fields is limited.

2.13 Construction of STP and Wastewater Treatment Processes According to the Initial Detailed Design Study, the advantages and disadvantages of the suitable

treatment processes are listed hereafter in table 4.5, allowing a comparison between them. A number

of the described processes have been eliminated already at the stage of detailed design since they

cannot meet the effluent requirements and only the remaining processes are compared.


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Table 4.5 Different treatment technology analysis

SL Treatment

Process Advantage Disadvantages

1 SBR The process is reliable under Condition that the plant is

properly operated and

maintained. Low footprint of the

structures.

Additional tertiary treatment required to meet effluent quality requirements. The batch mode operation can provide

problems when there are changes in

pollutants or hydraulic load Over-

dimensioning o f aeration system

required. Delicate process set-up and operation Due

to the mechanical and electric

equipment in the plant and to the

intensive treatment process, highly

qualified staff is required for the

operation.

2 Activated Sludge

Proven and reliable process Stable performances at variations

in hydraulic load. Moderate cost

for the base process

Additional tertiary treatment required to meet effluent quality requirements.

Relatively high land requirements Long

start-up of the biological process

3 Bio-aerated filters

Compact process, easy to cover. Low footprint of the structures

Modular design makes easy to

adapt the process to incoming

loads and flows.

Quick restarting, therefore

suitable to seasonal variation in

load. Modular construction and

easy automation.

Additional tertiary treatment required to meet treatment requirements.

High sludge production. High investment costs than for activated

sludge (~30%). Need for primary sedimentation. Sludge

production more important and more

difficult to treat.

4 Membrane bioreactors

Very high treatment performances, also on fecal coli

form. No tertiary treatment required.

Low sludge production. Compact

process, easy to cover. Modular

construction and easy

automation.

Uncertainty regarding real membrane life length and related replacement cost.

High energy demand (40 % higher than

activated sludge). Need for regular membrane supply for

replacement. Higher investment costs (50% higher activated sludge).

High O&M costs

The existing capacity of Beur STP is 35 MLD which is proposed to be augmented for 70 MLD

(Ultimate). The existing land parcel is so planned to be utilized that the load of Zone -II would be

cater by Beur STP only.

Design of sewerage system and proposed STPs are planned for design period of 30 years.

Considering the design and construction period of 24 months, the ultimate year for commissioning of

sewerage system / STP is therefore taken as year 2014-16. Correspondingly the intermediate

phase as year 2032 and ultimate phase as year 2047 have been considered. The sewerage system

would be planned and designed for flows generated up to year 2047 (ultimate phase) and STPs

would be designed in two phases.


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Intermediate phase: Design of STPs for flows up to year 2032.

Ultimate phase: Module design for flows beyond year 2032 and up to year 2047.

Various treatment technologies were evaluated considering the ground realities i.e., acute shortage of

open available land, land requirement for various technologies options. After the detailed optional

analysis, it was concluded that SBR is most suitable for Beur and thus was adopted/ recommended

by the competent authority. Hence, this aspect is not being deliberated here in this report.

UV Based Disinfection treatment system was also proposed instead of conventional chlorination as

of obvious advantages. The chlorination with past history and based on research analysis are

carcinogenic in nature and thus with perspective of abatement in pollution load from rivers, UV

based technology would be preferable. The SBR based STPs with provision of disinfection through

UV are recommended by the consultant considering following major advantages:

• Low land requirement (0.05 Ha/ MLD as per siting guideline for STPs, issued by GoB for

SBR based technology).

• Effluent characteristics are far better and thus no requirement of tertiary treatment. The

treated effluent meets all stipulated guidelines such as of NGRBA and CPCB.

• Efficient in removal of nitrogen & phosphorus concurrent with BOD Improve DO of waste

water

• Absence of odour & corrosive gases

• Efficient in removal of Faecal Coliform

• Capable to manage and treat loading conditions; such as normal, diurnal, dilute monsoon and

shock loads

• Lesser manpower due to automatic control and easy to operate

• Can be expanded as a modular system

• Low life cycle cost, various municipal corporations in India has adopted this technology and

thus have proven track record.

2.14 Proposed Treatment Technology (Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) It is also a technology for the treatment of domestic & industrial waste water. The SBR process

treats waste water in batches rather than continuous flow and has anoxic zone. It tolerates variable

hydraulic loads, variable organic loads, it controls filamentous growth and provides ideal condition

for settling. This process involves filling, sedimentation, aeration and decantation of treated effluent.

All operations carried out in a single reactor. The process is automatic & fully computerized. The

treated effluent is corresponding to tertiary treated standards, the effluent BOD & SS are less than 10

mg/l. The treated effluent can well used for agriculture, horticulture & in industrial applications. The

treated effluent has an added merit of giving sparklingly clean water which does not promote growth of

algae when discharged in water bodies because it is free from Nitrogen & Phosphorus. Land

requirement is 85% of MBBR system & 25% of ASP technology.

The Detailed comparison of the all available treatment technologies are incorporated in table (Revised

FR) to give the proper idea for selecting the most techno-economically viable STP technology. From

the comparison, Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Process is ranked as the most suitable option

considering cost of land, capital investment and annualized O&M for 05 years.

SBR gives the best effluent characteristics of BOD and SS less than 10 mg/l; also considering the

land requirement and effluent standards recommended by NGBRA, consultant propose SBR

technology for the treatment at the proposed STP. The total land required as per guideline issued by

GoB "Siting Guidelines for STPs" for Beur STP is 3.50 Ha against which 4.0 Ha is available. Thus

planning STP with SBR is finally recommended on the basis of certain constraints discussed at

length in Feasibity Report.


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The construction/ execution of project is planned to be completed by 2017 including STPs & sewer

network for Package -1 (Beur). House connections for whole project is considered to be executed by or

before 2019 end in phase wise manner as discussed below: STP has been proposed to be constructed in

24 months.

As clearly indicated from above techno-economical comparisons, consultant is likely to recommend

SBR based STP technology. The salient features with process description are depicted as under for

SBR:

2.14.1 Receiving of Sewage:

Deep gravity outfall sewers discharge the raw sewage into a Receiving Chamber from where it shall be

taken into downstream Coarse Screens. The function of the Receiving Chamber is to reduce the

incoming velocity.

2.14.2 Coarse Screening:

Adequate Nos. of Mechanical (working) along with Manual (standby) Coarse Screens shall be

provided upstream of Wet Well for removal of floating and oversized material coming with the

sewage. The Coarse Screens shall screen out most of the medium & large floating and oversized

material such as plastic rags, debris, weeds, paper, cloth, rags etc which could clog the waste water

pump impellers. The Coarse Screens shall be inclined Bar Screen of stainless steel flats and shall be of

sturdy design to take care of all sorts of materials envisaged in the gravity sewer. The screenings shall

be dropped on a Conveyor provided above the top of the Screen Channels. The screening

material as collected will drop automatically into a wheelbarrow for its disposal.

2.14.3 Raw Sewage Pumping Station:

Screened sewage after Coarse Screening shall enter into Wet Well of the Pumping Station. The

capacity of the Wet Well is such that adequate detention time is available during average and peak

flow conditions. The effective liquid volume shall be provided below the invert level of the incoming

sewer after leaving provision for freeboard. Also an additional depression shall be provided to ensure

adequate submergence of Pumps. Pumping Station shall have a Room adequate for installing Electrical

Panels. Suitable arrangement shall be provided for lifting of Pumps. Suitable combination of

Submersible Pumps shall be provided to cater the pumping requirements at average and peak flow

conditions. Based on incoming flow conditions, adequate nos. of Pumps shall start / stop

automatically to cater the pumping requirements. The pumped flow from the Pumping Station shall be

taken to the elevated head works, Inlet chamber of the plant from where sewage will gravitate to Fine

Screen Channels.

2.14.4 Stilling Chamber:-

Raw sewage shall be taken into a Stilling Chamber from where it shall be taken into downstream

Fine Screens. The function of the Stilling Chamber is to reduce the incoming velocity. Fine Screening

Channels: Adequate Nos. of Mechanical along with Manual (standby) Fine Screens shall be provided

upstream of treatment units for fine screening of sewage. The Fine Screens shall screen out most of

the floating and oversized material more than 6mm size such as plastic debris, weeds, paper, cloth,

rags etc which could foul the downstream treatment units. The Fine Screens shall be inclined Bar

Screen of stainless steel flats. The screenings shall be dropped on a Conveyor provided above the top

of the screen channel. The screening material as collected will drop automatically into a wheelbarrow

for its disposal.


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2.14.5 De-Gritting:

Screened Sewage will gravitate to Grit Separator Tank for removal of grit and small inorganic

particulate matter of specific gravity above 2.65 and particle size above 150 microns. The Grit

Separator Tank shall be of RCC construction complete with mechanical internals and square in size.

The grit separated shall be properly collected and be transferred for disposal. The de-gritted sewage

shall flow through open channels from the Grit Separators and confluence into a single channel of

suitable width.

2.14.6 Primary Clarifiers:

The screened & grit free sewage shall be distributed uniformly to the adequate Nos. primary

clarifiers through Primary Clarifier Distribution Chamber. An anticipate 30% BOD removal & 60%

suspended solids removal in the clarifier. Primary clarifier shall be designed for an average flow.

The Primary Clarifiers shall be of RCC construction complete with mechanical internals such as

clarifier mechanism, scum box, etc. and Circular in size. The Clarified Sewage shall be transferred

through open channels to Splitter Box of SBR basins and sludge shall be collected in central bottom

hopper and then transferred into the sludge thickeners.

SBR/ Cyclic Activated Sludge Process: Primary treated sewage shall be fed into the Cyclic Activated

Sludge Process/SBR Process Basins for biological treatment to remove BOD, COD and Suspended

Solids. SBR is a Cyclic Activated Sludge Treatment process. It provides highest treatment efficiency

possible in a single step biological process.

The SBR System is operated in a batch reactor mode. This eliminates all the inefficiencies of the

continuous processes. A batch reactor is a perfect reactor, which ensures 100% treatment. Adequate

no of modules are provided to ensure continuous treatment. The complete process takes place in a

single reactor, within which all biological treatment steps take place sequentially.

The complete biological operation is divided into cycles. Each cycle is of 3 – 5 hrs duration, during

which all treatment steps take place.

The sludge treatment includes the following steps:

• gravity thickening for concentration of biological excess sludge

• natural dewatering in drying beds

• Stabilization by composting.

2.14.7 Gravity thickener:

Thickening is the first stage in reducing the volume of the sludge. The thickening process usually

corresponds to an increase in the concentration of the sludge collected in the final sedimentation

tanks.Gravity thickeners are designed on the basis of hydraulic surface loading and solids loading. In

order to minimize operating costs, no chemicals will be added for sludge treatment.

Biological excess sludge enters the thickeners from above and thickener feeding is continuously.

Thickeners are fitted with a centrally driven rotary mechanism with a diametric bridge. Scrapers

positioned directly above the thickener floor transfer the deposited sludge to a central hopper from

where it is recovered by gravity flow to the sludge pumping station.

A vertically mounted picket fence is also attached to the rotary mechanism and enhances the release of

interstitial water and gas contained in the sludge and allows therefore correct sludge settling and

thickening conditions in the tank.


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2.14.8 Sludge drying:

Feeder pumps at a constant flow rate to the drying beds feed sludge from thickeners. The sludge will be

placed on the drying beds in a 20 to 30 cm layer and allowed to dry following two principles:

• Drainage trough the sludge mass and supporting sand: Drainage water is collected in under

drainage system and returned to the water treatment line upstream biological treatment.

• Evaporation from the surface exposed to the air.

The layer of sludge spread is limited to about 30cm thickness, in order to avoid clogging of the top

layer of sand. The total drying area is divided into individual beds. Distribution boxes are used to

divert the thickened sludge flow into the selected drying bed. Splash plates are placed in the drying

beds in front of the thickened sludge outlet in order to prevent erosion of the sand and to spread the

sludge over the bed. After drying, sludge is spendable and can be removed from the drying beds by a

front end loader. For Beur sewerage treatment plant, moisture content in dried sludge is estimated to

about 40% after 15 days. Drainage water collected under the drying beds is conveyed by gravity to a

return pumping station, from where it is pumped to the distribution chamber in head of biological

treatment. For conditions in Patna, it is considered that 80% of sludge moisture loss in drying stage is

drained and 20% is evaporated.

2.14.9 Sludge composting:

After drying, the sludge produced at Beur STP is stabilized and transformed by composting. The

specific objectives of sludge stabilization include following actions:

• Decompose sludge organics to stabilized humus.

• Reduce the mass and volume of sludge.

• Obtain a sanitized organic soil improvement agent.

• Destroy/control pathogenic organisms.

A mixture of dried sludge, fresh support agent and compost product will be composed using a front

end loader. The mixture is than disposed on the open air composting area in shape of windrows.

During fermentation phase, windrows are regularly returned in order to assure sufficient aeration,

which is needed to provide oxygen for the biological oxidation and to allow evacuation of the steam

released in the compost mass. After fermentation phase, a ripening and storage phase constitutes the

last phase of composting. During this phase, degradation of organic matter is completed and the

compost obtains the final agronomic value. 2.14.10 Outfall of treated Sewerage

It is proposed to commence the work at Beur with SBR based technology without disturbing the

existing treatment system so as to ensure that sewage shall not directly disposed off into the river

through bye-pass/ nalas. For this purpose, it has been proposed to dismantle the existing system in

phase wise manner in such a way that when the module for present load would constructed, the

sewage shall be transferred to new STP and dismantling work would be continued for next module.

It is a considered opinion that the open land within the existing premise of Beur would be optimally

utilized and if required, the tertiary treatment system may be dismantled (as from detailed

conditional assessment, it is clear that the sewage reaching Beur is only having secondary treatment

due to inefficient tertiary system). This will ensure that the available open land with land for tertiary

treatment would be sufficient for module -I of the SBR. Further after commencement of module -I,

the load coming to existing system can be transferred to new one. The existing infrastructure would

then only be dismantled and the useful machineries would be utilized in new system.


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An effluent channel to carry the treatment sewage upto the disposal point is proposed right from

Beur STP to Badshahi Nalla. As per the site visits and CAS, the existing outfall drain is proposed to

be remodelled for augmented capacity.

River Punpun will serve as the sink for disposal of surplus treated effluent streams from all the STPs

after possible reuse. Where connectivity to river is not readily available, connecting drains are to be

proposed up to appropriate points. Study of Badshahi nallah is required for calculation of carrying

capacity, structural stability inclusive of storm runoff, irrigation discharge from it and treated

effluent from STPs into it.

2.15 Land Requirement

As per the recommendations and "Siting Guideline for STPs, issued by GoB" for adopting SBR

Technology for STPs, the land requirement for STP at Beur shall be as under:

Zone Ultimate Flow (MLD) Land Requirement

(@0.05 ha/MLD) Ha Zone-II (Beur STP) 70 3.50*

*Land is already available with EA at existing Site (Beur) The existing land available at Beur STP is being proposed to be optimally utilized for catering

sewage load of Zone -II (Beur). After detailed study & feasibility analysis, it was found that

retaining existing land would not only available most feasible option, but also it has techno

economical advantage over other options.

2.16 Investment Cost

Using the commutations of land cost, capital investment cost and annualized O&M cost for the

selected options, a final ranking is presented below;

Process technology Cost (Lakh Rs.)

Capital Capitalized O&M for 5 years

Total

Sequential (SBR)

Batch Rea

ctor 7050 1762.5 8812.5

2.17 Implementation Schedule

It is anticipated that construction duration for the contractor is estimated to be 36 Months (including

monsoon period) with O&M for next five years for proposed STP and sewerage system of Beur

village Patna. The operation and maintenance of proposed sewerage system is also considered for five

years after commission of the system. The Implementation schedule is given in Figure:


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Zone V

S. No.Task NameDuration

(Months)

1st 3rd 6th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q I-Q II-Q III-Q IV-Q

1 Final Detailed Project report 1

2 Approval by NRCD 0.5

3Submission of Final

prequalification Document (PQ)0.5

4Notification and Submission of

Prequalification by Bidders1

5Evaluation of Prequalification

Documents0.75


7 Prequalification Recommendation 0.25

8Submission of Final Bid

Documents to NRCD2


10

Issue and receipt of bids from

bidders (Not less than 6-8 weeks

for ICB contract)

2

11Technical Bid Evaluation and

Recommendation0.75


13Notification to PQ Bidders and

opening of financial Bid0.25

14Financial Bid Evaluation and

Negotiation0.75


16 Award of Work/ Contract 0.25

17Construction, Testing and

Commissioning of entire work24

18 Defect Liability Period 12

19 Operation & Maintenance 60

9th

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR PROPOSED SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT IN PAHARI AREA, PATNA

Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 Year-7 Year-8

2nd 4th 5th 7th 8th

Fig: Implementation Schedule of Beur Sewerage System


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EIA of Beur Sewerage System

34 | P a g e

2.18 Financing

Detailed Project Report (DPR) of the project under National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)

programme amounting to Rs. 64.16 crore for the renovation and augmentation of STP and Rs. 225.75 crore

for the laying of sewer lines. And gives the summary of cost of the proposed STP and sewerage work Beur

zone of Patna.

(a) Project cost for Networking :

Sr. No. Item Cost

(INR

Crores) Remarks

1. Sewerage system complete with

laterals, collectors, interceptor and

trunk sewers. 147.28

Gravity sewers 200 – 1800 mm diameter of

total length 179.74 km

2. Construction of 0 Nos. of New

Pumping Station @ Rs 5.5 Crores per

SPS 0.00

Civil & EM cost for Proposed & Exisitng

SPSs

3. O&M for sewer lines & SPS incl

other infrastruture with capacity

building 22.06 O&M @ 3% pa for 5 years

4. Total House Connections is 46697

nos. @ Rs 3840 per holding 17.93

House Connections is 46697 nos. @ 06

person per holding (for 2017)

5. Relocation of Utilities

05 Water line, electric poles, telephone line etc

6. Cost for Trenchless Technology 17.21 For 5.10 km (cost analysis from INDsTT)

Sub - Total (Sr. 1 to 6) 209.48


Monitoring Cost 1.00 During construction & Operation stage

8. Public Outreach & Communication

Cost incl. GAAP 0.30 During construction & Operation stage

Total 210.78

Adding Establishment and


14.99


(b) Project Cost for STP :

Sr.No. Item Cost

(INR

Crores) Remarks

1. Construction of New Sewage

Treatment Plants on SBR technology

(23 MLD for 2032) @ 1.5Cr/ MLD 34.50

At Existing available land (Most feasible &

Techno-economical option)

2. Renovation of Existing functional

units to retain 20 MLD. (20 MLD till

2032) @ 0.70 Cr/ MLD 14.00

At Existing available land (Recommended

till 2032)


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


35 | P a g e

Sr.No. Item Cost

(INR

Crores) Remarks

4. O&M Cost for STP 13.325 Cost of O&M of 05 years* @ 5% per

annum

5. Extra cost for disinfection through

UV (8 modules @ 5.5 MLD/

Module) 1.2 @ 15 lacs/ Per module

Sub - Total (Sr. 1 to 6) 63.025


Monitoring Cost (EMM Cost) 0.94 During construction & Operation stage

8. Public Outreach and Communication

Cost inc. GAAP 0.22 During construction & Operation stage

Total 64.185

9. Adding Establishment and


3.97



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36 | P a g e

3.0 Approach and Methodology

3.1 Methodology

As per Environmental and Social Management Frame work (NGRBA, 2011)1, and considering associated environmental

and social impacts, an environmental and social assessment with corresponding management plans for the proposed

project of sewerage works in sewerage Patna City has been conducted using the following methodology:

Figure: 3.1 Flowchart describing the steps adopted for Project Impact Assessment

a) Secondary Data analysis (Identify Information/Data Requirements and their Sources): All the

available information and data (quantitative, qualitative) regarding the proposed project was collected

mainly from the Detailed Project Report (DPR), consultation with stake-holders and other secondary

sources including the water/air/noise monitoring reports of Bihar Pollution Board, Water Quality

Management Plan of Ganga River Report of Patna, City Development Plan of Patna and many others.

Through this secondary information a brief description and analysis of the sub-project activities along

with baseline environmental profile of the project influence was established. Based on initial

understanding, the list of required information was drafted before conducting the field survey.

b) Defining the project area and carrying out scoping in the field: Team undertook the field survey and

transect walk of the sewerage district Patna area to develop the understanding of the proposed project

(refer Plate 3.1, 3.2). GPS surveying of the study area was also conducted for mapping the social and

environmental issue. Field visits helped to understand the local knowledge and were valuable in

finding alternatives that help avoid or at least reduce the magnitude and severity of adverse impacts.

1 For more details refer “Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Assisted National Ganga

River Basin Project, 2011”. PMG, National Ganga River Basin Authority, MoEF.

Developing mitigation plan

Identification and assessment of

environmental/ social impacts

Screening activity

Secondary data analysis Field survey and stake-

holder consultation

Brief description & analysis of

the sub project activities

Detailed environmental profile of

the project influence area

Discussion with host population

and key stake-holders


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


37 | P a g e

c) Survey of the host population: With the help of questionnaires, local people were interviewed in

groups. A wide range of potentially affected people were interviewed in Patna including street

vendors, residents of households, residents of temporary settlements, shop keepers, hospital patients,

hospital staff, etc. Both men and women were interviewed from different sections of the society. Team

undertook three field visits to carry out the survey and understand the ground situation. The

interviewees were asked about their awareness of the project, their response to it and if the project is

affecting them (during construction phase) and how it will affect them (after completion phase). Also

they were asked about the mitigation plans they have adopted or are planning to adopt, suggestions for

improvement and any public grievances. Surveys were conducted along the path of construction site.

Figure: 3.2- Public Consultation with local people.

d) Discussion with the key stakeholders: Most of the interactions with important key stakeholders

were through both informal and formal discussions with them. All the associated government

departments were visited to collect the relevant data and their feedback on the project activities.

e) Conduct Screening: Screening is undertaken in the very beginning stages of project development.

The purpose of screening is to screen out “no significant impacts” from those with significant

impacts and get a broad picture of the nature, scale and magnitude of the issues. Team conducted

screening process using the screening checklist format provided in ESMF report of NGRBA, which

is described in subsequent section.

f) Identify and assess the impacts: Based on the analysis of the data gathered from field survey,

stakeholder interaction/ consultation and secondary sources, issues related to the environmental and

social sectors were been identified. The impacts so identified were compared with the existing

baseline environmental and social condition of the study region. The impacts of the activities are

mostly positive with few adverse impacts.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


38 | P a g e

g) Develop a mitigation plan: Based on the environmental and social issues identified, measures

needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve

environmental performance were recommended. The mitigation plans is suggested in all three stages:

designing phase, construction phase and, operation and maintenance phase.

3.2 Project Screening

h) The project screening was carried out to understand the nature, scale and magnitude of environmental and

social issues associated with the project. The screening activity was conducted as per the guidelines provided in

Environmental and Social Management Framework of NGRBA (NGRBA, 2011)2 and on the secondary data

analysis, field assessments and stakeholder interaction/ consultation. The detail of screening is summarized in

the Table 3.1 below.

i) Project Title: Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & BID Documents; Tendering for

Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Project of Patna City: Under

NGRBA Implementing agency: Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Project cost:

INR 506 Crores for Beur (Package -3: 134 Cr, Package -7: 232 Cr and Package -8: 140 Cr)

j) Project components: Main Pumping Station (MPS), Outfall Channel and STP (60 MLD & 97 MLD

for 2032 & 2047 respectively); Sewer Line, House Sewer Connections, Intermediate Pumping

Stations (IPSs), Rising Main; Ward Nos. (46, 53, 55 to 61, 64, 65); Population for 2047 (8.04 lacs)

k) Summary of Existing Patna City: Patna city is bounded by the Ganga river to the North, Patnason

canal and railway line to the West, Badshahi Nalla & Punpun river in the South. The existing sewer

line in the city is 27.4 km (main trunk) planned & executed under GAP-I & II and is limited to

central part only.



Sr.

No. Screening Criteria

Assessment

of category (High/ low)

Explanatory note for

categorization

1

Is the project in an eco-

sensitive area or adjoining an

eco-sensitive area?

(Yes/No) If Yes, which is

the area? Elaborate impact

accordingly.

No

There are no environmental

sensitive areas in the proposed

project area. Further the small

residential parks and road side

trees will not be affected

(particularly near Anisabad

Bypass, Gardanibagh , Beur Main

road etc), since the sewers are

planned to be laid in the middle of

the road and will not pass through

these areas. 2

2.1

Land acquisition resulting in

loss of income from

agricultural land, plantation

or other existing land-use.

No land

acquisition is

involved. No

Squatters or

encroachers

present)

STP (43 MLD) has been

planned to setup on existing

available STP site at Beur locations

No squatters or encroachers in

and around the premises who could

get affected by the project.

2.2 Loss of livelihood No Loss of livelihood is not expected and

since mobile vendors can change

Comment [A1]: STP capacity should be

consistant. Is it 60 MLD as per 2032 year

population level or 97 MLD as per 2047

population level. Earlier STP capacity is

indicated as 60 MLD


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


39 | P a g e

their location, there would be no loss.

There could be minor disruption in

terms of access to shops.

2.3 Land acquisition resulting in

relocation of households. No social

impacts

No Land acquisition required and no

relocation of households required

since identified plots of land do not

have any habitations or settlements.

Thus, no relocation of household

require for this package. The locations of STP as proposed on

exists site thus no habitation/

household relocation is required. Also there exist no squatters or

encroachers in and around the

premises which will be affected.

2.4

Any reduction of access to

traditional and river dependent

communities (to river and areas

where they earn for their primary

or substantial livelihood).

No social

impacts seems

to have No access problem likely to be there

2.5 Any displacement or adverse

impact on tribal settlement(s).

No social

impacts seems

to have

There are no tribal settlements in the

project area.

2.6 Any specific gender issues No social

impacts seems

to have

No gender issues were reported

during survey

3

3.1 Clearance of vegetation/ tree-

cover No environmental

impacts

The tree / vegetation cover in areas

Anisabad, Beur, Bypass,Khagaul road

etc areas are aligned along the road

sides and will not be affected as the

sewer lines will be laid in the center

of the roads.

3.2

Direct discharge of construction

runoff, improper storage and

disposal of excavation spoils,

wastes and other construction

materials adversely affecting

water quality and flow regimes.

Limited &

Temporary

Possibility of temporary flushing

away of un-managed spoils and

construction wastes during rainfall to

river Ganga/ Punpun via storm water

drains. If not appropriately managed, there

may be potential for temporary effect

on storm water flows by obstruction to

flows and blockage of drains,

especially during rainfall. This may

cause floods.

3.3 Flooding of adjacent areas Limited &

Temporary

For sewerage works in the entire city,

flooding could be an issue during the

monsoons, especially in the

congested regions like in and around

Anisabad, Beur, Bypass, Khagaul

road etc areas. This issue may further

aggravate due to blocked drains and

poor solid waste management in the


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


40 | P a g e

city.

3.4 Improper storage and handling of

substances leading to

contamination of soil and water

Limited &

Temporary

The storage of construction related

material will not cause any

contamination since these materials

would typically include: Concrete,

pipes, masonry, rubber pipes. The project area has a major water

bodies i.e. Buer STP/ Buer Nalla also

some important ghats on Ganga to be

picked up in RFD phase -2. However

these areas will not be affected as

sewer lines are not planned to be laid

through any of these areas. However, with other finer materials

such as construction powders, fluids

and greases, if not appropriately

managed or in the event of an

accident, there may be potential for

temporary contamination of the river

Ganga via the various drains and

nallas, during rainfall. If construction material will not be

handled appropriately, it may affect

agricultural lands minutely.

3.5 Elevated noise and dust emission Limited &

Temporary

For sewage works, construction is

likely to increase dust and noise

levels temporarily. Temporary impacts may especially be

felt at educational facilities like

schools/colleges (Rajya Vidya

Kendra Mandir, Patna High School

Khagaul road, Patna Irrigation office

Anisabad Patna etc), cultural /

religious centers including all

temples, mosques, churches and

Gurudwaras in the region. Provided that construction works near

schools and colleges are carried out

during vacations and preferably

during night and works near hospitals

are completed on priority basis (in

shorter time period with alternate

provision of traffic, accessibility of

exit/entry gates etc.), the impacts may

be limited.

3.6 Disruption to traffic movements Limited &

Temporary

Traffic disruption can be expected in

busy areas such as area around

Anisabad Bypass Road, Beur marg,

Beur Main road, etc due to

transportation of material of

construction.


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41 | P a g e

3.7 Damage to existing

infrastructure, public utilities,

amenities etc.

Limited &

Temporary

If not appropriately managed, there

may be potential for temporarily

affecting the existing public utilities

like water supply, telephone,

electricity cables etc. However, in the proposed scheme,

there is a proper relocation of all

utilities like telecom, water line,

electricity, etc is provisioned.

3.8 Failure to restore temporary

construction sites Limited &

Temporary

From field visits and as per JNNURM

project (Water Supply scheme)

reinstatement of dismantled roads

after filling and proper compaction

was observed. Although temporary, concerns

regarding failure to restore

construction sites including failure to

close and appropriately fence-off

open pits were cited as safety

concerns especially for children.

3.9 Possible conflicts with and/or

disruption to local community Limited &

Temporary

For the laying of sewer works, there

will be temporary disruption to the

local community in terms of access to

roads, (especially in dense areas and

narrow roads), shops and residences. Conflicts/ disruption to local

community was inferred as limited

based on survey responses which

indicated the community's ability to

adapt to temporary disruptions, and

their overall preference for the project. 3.10 Health risks due to unhygienic

conditions at workers' camps Limited &

Temporary This risk may occur if labour Camps

are not planned as per defined

guidlines .

3.11 Safety hazards during

construction Limited &

Temporary

From field visits and as per Water

Supply project practices for safety

precautions such as fencing-off

construction areas, sign posts etc.

were observed. If not appropriately managed, there

may be potential for temporary

hazards such as injuries and damage

to property, hazardous traffic

conditions during the construction

phase. 4

4.1 Flooding of adjacent areas Limited &

Temporary

Due to the construction of sewer

lines, raw sewage that currently flows

into the river and/ or overflows into

the streets will now be routed to the

STP. This will prevent flooding of

open sewerage water into adjacent


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


42 | P a g e

3.3 Conclusion of Screening Activity

In order to facilitate effective management and mitigation of the any impacts arising from the proposed

projects, the Environmental and Social Management Framework of NRGBA (Section # 4 of ESMF report,

NGRBA 2011)3 has grouped the pollution abatement projects/ investments into the following two categories

high and low



areas. However, accidental leakages during

the operational stage may lead to

flooding and possible contamination

of groundwater. Additionally,

overloading and blockage of sewage

lines will also lead to backlogging of

sewers and flooding of branch

sewers.

4.2 Impacts to water quality due

to effluent discharge

No social

impacts seems

to have

There will be a significant

improvement in water quality due to

effluent discharge being treated.

4.3 Gas emissions No social

impacts seems

to have

There will be reduction in gas

emissions from open sewage drains

since the proposed sewage networks

will be underground.

4.4 Safety hazards No social

impacts seems

to have

There will be minimum safety

hazards since the sewer lines will be

underground.

5

Do projects of this nature / type

require prior environmental

clearance either from the

MOEF or from a

relevant state Government

department? (MOEF/

relevant State Government

department/ No clearance at all)

No clearance

required

Project such as these have an overall

positive impact for the environment

and society. Hence no clearance would be

required under the Environmental

Impact Assessment Notification,

2006.

6

Does the project involve any

prior clearance from the MOEF

or State Forest department for

either the conversion of forest

land or for tree-cutting?

(Yes/No). If yes which?

No clearance

required

As the project is in urban provinces

and does not require any forest land

of tree-cutting, hence no prior

clearance is required from relevant

authorities (MoEF and State Forest

departments) under the Forest

(Conservation) Act, 1980.

7

Please attach photographs

and location maps along with

this completed Environmental

Information Format For

Screening.

Attached along

with the report

8 Overall Assessment Low The project involve 198 km of sewer

lines, 3 pumping stations and one STP


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43 | P a g e

High: Mainly include the sub-projects which are likely to have adverse impact on the environmental

and social aspects of the project influence area (including land acquisition). This category projects

will also include mandatory environmental clearance as per the EIA notification.

Low: Projects which are likely to cause minimal or no adverse environmental impacts on human

populations.

As per the screening checklist as given above the project does not involve any land acquisition in 3 SPS and

an STP site. The propose sever network will be laid within the ROW and hence land acquisition is not

required however temporary issues like disposal of excavated material, Safety and access issues, utility

shifting, noise and dust pollution, impacts on water and drainage line generally will associated with any kind

of project.

As part of Construction plan very congested area of the city trenchless technology is proposed which will not

disturb ready access to the existing ROW were as manual excavation of sewer trenches involve care shall be

taken to construct that section in the evening / night time so that access is not disturb in addition restoration of

back section is to be done on same way. Further contractor will need to submit and get approve detailed traffic

diversion plan during construction.

Excavated material will mostly be used for back filling purpose based on their suitability. Debris are expected

in low quantum after back filling and will be suitably transported and disposed off in same low lying area

approved by the project Engineer.

For noise and dust pollution adequate measures has been given in EMP and these impacts are temporary in

nature. Considering the above point and screening matrix the project is consider in the low impact category.

Based on the screening activity and the categorization of potential sub-projects of the NGRBP, the present

project of Sewerage work in Sewerage District Patna City falls under low impact categories, which do not

have any land acquisition. In view of the above, these projects would require preparation of an

Environmental and Social Assessment, as part of the DPR, and implementation of Generic Safeguard

Management Plan (SMP), relevant to the project.

Although there would not be any permanent negative or adverse environmental impacts, but will have

temporary impacts like traffic blockages, dust, noise, safety hazards for pedestrians, possible interruption in

commercial activity. These temporary impacts can be mitigated with appropriate mitigation plans. However,

the large environmental benefit of the project greatly outweighs the temporary inconveniences.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


44 | P a g e

4.0 REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

4.1 Project Level Legal Framework

The National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) has adopted an Environmental and Social

Management Framework (ESMF) and agreed with the World Bank to apply for its investment projects

involving World Bank fund. This framework describes the policy, principles, and approach to be

followed in minimizing and mitigating adverse social and economic impacts by the sub projects. The

social management framework has four parts viz., (i) Resettlement Policy and Land Acquisition

Framework; (ii) Indigenous Peoples Management Framework (IPMF); (iii) Gender Assessment and

Development Framework (GAD); and (iv) Consultation framework.

The ESMF document is intended to help manage the social and environmental impacts through

appropriate measures during the planning, design, construction and operation of various sub-projects of

NGRBP. The framework identifies the level of safeguard due-diligence required for all categories of sub-

projects of NGRBP and provides specific guidance on the policies and procedures to be followed

for environmental and social assessment along with roles and responsibilities of the implementing

agencies.

4.2 National Law

The GoI EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994), sets out the requirement for

Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for

specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land

preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as A or B depending on

the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts.

Categories A projects require Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests

(MoEF) Gov. of India. The proponent is required to provide preliminary details of the project in the

Form-1 of a EIA Notification, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the MoEF

prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA study, which are finalized within 60

days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, MoEF considers the

recommendation of the EAC and provides the EC if appropriate.

Category B projects require environmental clearance from the State Environment Impact

Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State level EAC categorizes the project as either B1 (requiring EIA

study) or B2 (no EIA study), and prepares TOR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the

study and review of the report by the EAC, the SEIAA issues the EC based on the EAC

recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category B will

be treated as category A if it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected

areas, notified areas or inter-state or international boundaries.

Environment Clearance requirement is not applicable for this subproject under EIA

Notification 2006 as amended till date since the proposed project does not listed in schedule of said

notification.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


4.3 Key Environmental Laws and Regulations

The key environmental laws and regulations as relevant to the projects under the NGRBP are given in

Table 4.1.

Table-4.1 Applicable environmental law & regulation

S.

No

Act / Rules Purpose Applicable to

project

Reason for

Applicability

Authority

Yes/ No 1 Environment

Protection Act-1986

To protect and improve

overall environment

Yes As all environmental

Notifications, rules

and schedules are

issued under this

act.

MoEF, Gol, DoE,

State Gov.

CPCB, SPCB

3

Environmental

Impact Assessment

Notification 14th

Sep-2006

To provide environmental

clearance to new

development

activities following

environmental impact

assessment

NO As per schedule of EIA Notification Sewerage and sanitation project does not attract Environmental Clearance.

---

4

Municipal Solid

Wastes(Manageme

n t and Handling)

Rules, 2000

To manage the collection,

transportation,

segregation, treatment,

and disposal of

municipal solid wastes

NO This notification is applicable only for Municipal Solid waste Treatment facility investments

-

5

Coastal Regulation

Zone(CRZ)

Notification

1991 (2002)

Protection of fragile

coastal belt

No If Project location is

located along coastal

belt

--

6

The Land

Acquisition Act

1894 (As

amended in 1985

and 2013)

Set out rule for

Acquisition. of land

by government

No This act will be not applicable as land acquisition of STP and its associated facilities are not required.

Revenue

Department State

Government


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


7

The Forest

(Conservation)

Act. 1980

To check deforestation by restricting conversion of forested areas into non- forested areas

No Applicable if there is

Diversion of forest

land for non-forest

activities i.e. forest

land if required for

any of the

investments. In this

case the project

entirely in

urban/semi urban

area does not

attract it.

Forest Department,

State, Ministry

of Environment

and Forests,

Government of

India

S. No

Act / Rules Purpose Applicable to project

Reason for

Applicability

Authority

Yes/ No 8

Wild Life Protection

Act 1972

To protect wildlife

through certain of

National Parks

and Sanctuaries

No This act is will be

applicable, if there

are any points of

wildlife crossing s in

proximity to project

locations

Chief Conservator

Wildlife, Ministry

of Environment

and Forests,

Government of

India

9

Air (Prevention and

Control of

Pollution) Act,

1981

To control air pollution

by controlling emission

of air pollutants as per

the prescribed standards.

Yes This act will be applicable during construction. As well as setting of STP, Consent to establish and consent to operate.

SPCBs

10

Water Prevention

and Control of

Pollution)

Act1974

To control water

pollution by controlling

discharge of pollutants

as per the prescribed

standards

Yes This act will be applicable during construction. As well as setting of STP, Consent to establish and consent to operate construction.

SPCBs

11 The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000

The standards for noise for day and night have been promulgated by the MoEF for various land uses.

Yes This act will be applicable for all construction equipment deployed at worksite.

SPCBs


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


12 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act1958

Conservation of cultural and historical remains found in India

Yes This act will be applicable, only if any investment is in proximity to any Ancient Monument, declared protected under the act.

Archaeological Department Gol, India Heritage Society and Indian National Trust for Art and Culture Heritage (INTACH).

13 Public Liability and Insurance Act 1991

Protection form hazardous materials and accidents.

Yes Contractor need to stock hazardous material like diesel, Bitumen, Emulsions etc.

SPCBs

14 Explosive Act 1984 Safe transportation, storage and use of explosive material

NO For transporting andstoring diesel, Oil and lubricants etc. In this project it is not applicable as no blasting work is required.

Chief Controller of Explosives

S.

No

Act / Rules Purpose Applicable

to project

Reason for

Applicability

Authority

Yes/ No 15 Minor Mineral

and concession Rules

For opening new quarry.

No Regulate use of minor minerals like stone, soil, river s a n d e t c . As the work is mainly of excavation and laying of Sewer line, no minor mineral listed in this act is required

District Collector

16 Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988

To check vehicular air and noise pollution.

Yes This rule will be applicable to vehicles deployed for construction activities and construction Machinery.

Motor Vehicle Department

17 National Forest Policy, 1988

To maintain ecological stability through preservation and restoration of biological diversity.

No This policy will be applicable if any eco sensitive feature exists in and around the investments

Forest Department, State Government and Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India

18 The Mining Act The mining act has been notified for safe and sound mining activity.

Yes The construction activities for investments will require aggregates. These will be procured through mining from approved quarries

Department of mining, State Government


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4.4 Other Legislations applicable to Construction Projects under NGRBP

Construction stage generally involves equity, safety and public health issues. The construction agencies

therefore will be required to comply with laws of the land, which include inter alia, the following:

1 Workmen's Compensation Act 1923 (the Act provides for compensation in case of injury by

accident arising out of and during the course of employment);

2 Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 (gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on satisfaction of

certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years);

3 Employees PF and Miscellaneous Provision Act 1952 (the Act provides for monthly

contributions by the employer plus workers);

4 Maternity Benefit Act, 1951 (the Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women

employees in case of confinement or miscarriage, etc.);

5 Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 (the Act provides for certain welfare

measures to be provided by the contractor to contract labour);

6 Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (the employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum

Wages fixed by the Government as per provisions of the Act);

7 Payment of Wages Act, 1936 (it lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will

be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers);

8 Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 (the Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal

nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female

employees);

9 Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 (the Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a

minimum of 83.3% of wages and maximum of 20% of wages);

10 Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (the Act lays down the machinery and procedure for resolution of

industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and what are the

requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment);

11 Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act; 1946 (the Act provides for laying down rules

governing the conditions of employment);

12 Trade Unions Act, 1926 (the Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions of

workers and employers. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given certain

immunities from civil and criminal liabilities);

13 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 (the Act prohibits employment of children


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of

employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labour is

prohibited in Building and Construction Industry);

14 Inter-State Migrant Workmen"s (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act,

1979 (the inter-state migrant workers, in an establishment to which this Act becomes

applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, travelling

expenses from home to the establishment and back, etc.);

15 The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of

Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 (all the establishments who carry on any building

or other construction work and employs 10 or more workers are covered under this Act; the

employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or construction

work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing

accommodation for Workers near the workplace, etc.);

16 The Factories Act, 1948 (the Act lays down the procedure for approval of plans before setting up

a factory, health and safety provisions, welfare provisions, working hours and rendering

information-regarding accidents or dangerous occurrences to designated authorities);

17 Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (the Rules govern handling,

movement and disposal of hazardous waste);

18 Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rule 1989 amended till date.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


5.0 Environmental Baseline

5.1 Introduction

The baseline environmental and social status is important to understand the region's existing physical and

biological characteristics along with cultural and social status of the residing community. Information and

data presented in this section is based on field surveys, stake-holder interaction/consultation and secondary

data collection which majorly include the draft Detailed Project Report (DPR) of proposed sewerage work,

City Development Plan (CDP) report by Nagar Nigam, Water/ Air/ Noise quality monitoring report of

CPCB and Bihar State Pollution Control Board, City census data and others. The information on the

baseline environmental conditions forms the basis to analyse the probable impacts of the proposed project

vis-à-vis the present background environmental quality of the core study area.

5.2 Project Influence Area

In general 5 km from the project boundary has been considered as Project Influence Area. Within this

project influence area the mostly consists of built up area which also includes some old and important

buildings. Very few open space is there within the project influence area, the only prominent one is Gandhi

maidan. There is no such natural sensitive area observed within the project influence area. However man

made sensitive locations like Patna High school, Patna, Irrigation Office, Patna, temples along the Road,

some old buildings and few schools are observed. The figure showing general study area has been shown in

the figure below.

Figure 5.1: General study area of the project.

5.3 Baseline Condition of Project Surrounding Area

5.3.1 Topography The project city Patna is located on the south bank of the Ganga River. The town is situated at an

altitude of 48 - 51 m above mean sea level. A characteristic of the geography of Patna is its


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


confluence of rivers The Ganga River is the largest. It is joined by four other rivers: Ghaghara,

Gandak, Punpun and Sone. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity.

Other salient terrain aspects pertaining to planning & designing of the system of city are enumerated as

under:-

• The linear bund constructed on northern periphery of the city prevents entry of river Ganga water into

the city and hence, a major flood protection works. Similarly, the bund along river Punpun prevents the

entry of flood waters into the city from eastern side particularly when the Ganga flows at high level &

water backflows into Punpun River.

• Bulk of city is located between contour intervals of 48-51 m whereas HFL of river Ganga is 51.3 m,

thus the problem of inundation of city in monsoons. However, the Patliputra area located towards

north-western part has levels of 50-56 m and hence, does not have major problems of flooding.

• The city is further linearly bifurcated into northern & southern Patna by the railway line going west

to east, right through the middle of the city. This railway line is on high embankment and acts as flood

protection measure.

• The new Patna Bye-pass, south of railway line, which is under construction further provides additional

flood protection measures to the Patna city.

5.3.2 Climate

The district by and large is homogenous. It is of moderate type characterized by quite hot summers to

moderately cold winters. The day temperature generally ranges from 21.1 ºC in January to 38.7 ºC in

May and night temperature from 7.3 ºC in December to 27.7 ºC in June. The summer begins in April

and peaks in June/July with the temperature soaring up to 43 °C till the moisture laden monsoon wind

bring some much-needed relief to the parched fields. The rains last through August & September and

continue into early October.

Table 5.1: Climatological Normal of Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall at Patna

Mont

h Temperature (oC) Monthly total

rainfall mm

Humidity (%)

Maximum Minimum 0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs

January 23.3 9.2 18.9 76 57 February 26.5 11.6 10.7 66 45 March 32.6 16.4 11.4 50 30 April 37.7 22.3 7.6 44 23 May 38.9 25.2 33.3 56 32 June 36.7 26.7 134.2 70 54 July 33.0 26.2 305.8 83 74 August 32.4 26.1 274.4 84 77 September 32.3 25.4 226.9 82 76 October 31.5 21.8 93.8 75 68 November 28.8 14.7 8.9 70 60 December 24.7 9.9 4.1 75 60

Source: India Metrological Department data from 1951-1980)

5.3.3 Geology

Geologically, Bihar represents the extreme northern front of Indian sub-continent. These include (i) the


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


belt of Himalayan foothills in the northern fringe of Paschim Champaran (ii) the vast Ganga Plains,

(iii) the Vindhyan (Kaimur) Plateau extending into Rohtas region, (iv) the sporadic and small Gondwana

basin outliers in Banka district, (v) the Satpura Range extending into large part of the area North of

Chotanagpur Plateau, (vi) the parts of Bihar Mica belt in Nawada, Jamui and Banka districts and (vii) the

Granite Gneissic complex of Chotanagpur plateau. Nearly two third of Bihar is under cover of Ganga

basin composed of alluvium and masks the nature of basement rocks. The project influence area falls

in Ganga Basin hence geologically its earth crest comprises of alluminium.

Patna district is a part of the Indo Gangetic alluvium. The district forming a part of the flood plains of the

Ganga has a monotonously flat relief. Patna region is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary

age. The quaternary sediments are deposited unconformable on the Archaean basement.

5.3.4 Soil The soils are basically an outcome of landform, climate, land use, topography, time and parent material,

which have been well considered during the pedological investigation. The role of soil as natural asset of

ecosystem is viewed through three angles (i) supporting agriculture & forest (ii) Supporting

engineering installation and (iii) Constituting the medium to regulate the storage and accumulation of

subsurface water.

The Ganga basin is characterized by a wide variety of soils. The soils of the high Himalayas in the north

are subject to continued erosion and the Gangetic trough provides a huge receptacle into which thousands

of meters of thick sediment layers are deposited to form a wide valley plain. Among the soil types within

Ganga basin, the alluvial soil covers more than 52 per cent of the basin. The alluvial deposits of the

basin not only cover the great Gangetic trough, but also extend over a sizable portion of the peninsular

foreland in the form of a layer less than 3 metres thick. The entire alluvial formation is endowed with rich

soil nutrients.

The Patna river basin area is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is

slightly alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit. In

general the Calcareous Alluvium has higher potential of binding of molecules than the newer alluvium or

acidic alluvium and hence the chance of erosion in Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than

acidic alluvium.

Figure: 5.2 Physiographic Regions

5.3.5 Soil Quality in project influence area

In this report the soil quality data has been taken for reference from similar report submitted to


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


NGBRA, which was monitored in September 2012.

Table- 5.2 Soil Quality around project influence area of patna

Sr. No Parameter Unit Gulvi ghat Collectorate ghat T N Banerjee ghat

1 pH - 8.56(1:5)26oC 8.85(1:5)26

oC 7.8(1:5) 26

oC

2 Texture - Loamy sand Silt loam Loam

3 Sand % 84.2 26.1 38.3

4 Silt % 10.2 52.4 34.1

5 Clay % 5.6 21.50 27.6

6 Bulk density

g/cc 1.43 1.29 1.25

7 WHC % 30.26 42.67 44.17

8 OM % 0.15 0.64 1.59

9 N mg/kg 92.23 184.46 338.18

10 P mg/kg 16.25 <4 292.49

11 Na mg/kg 20 500 400

12 Na mg/kg 60 60 40

13 Ca Mg/kg 13584 11808 4224

14 Mg Mg/kg 2678.4 2966.4 2476.8

15 EC µm/cm 68.8(1:5) 25⁰C

199(1:5) 25⁰C

112(1:5) 25⁰C

The soil quality as observed shows alkaline content which supports the presence of Calcareous alluvium

(as referred from secondary literature as well).

5.3.6 Ambient Air Quality In this report the water quality data has been taken for reference from similar report submitted to

NGBRA, which was monitored in September 2012.

Table 5.3 Ambient air quality in project influence area of patna

Location Monitoring

period PM10 (µg/m3)

PM2.5 (2.5) (µg/m3)

SO2 (µg/m3) NO2 (µg/m3) Co (µg/m3)

Collector ghat

Sept 2012 88 47 5.4 26.7 363

Dr. T .N Bnerjee

ghat

Sept 2012 54 29 4.3 21.4 275

Gulvi Ghat Area

Sept 2012 69 36 4.0 19.0 175

Limit as per CPCB. 100 60 80 80 2000

Sampling and Analysis methodology

IS:5182 (part-23)-

2006

USEPA, CFR-40, Part-50,

Appendix L

IS: 5182 (part-2)-

2001

IS:5182 (Part-6)-

2006

IS:5182: Part 10, 1999


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Figure: 5.3 Bar Graph Representation of Ambient Air Quality

Results & Analysis:

The PM10 and PM2.5 level near the Collectorate Ghat is found in the higher range may be due to the

market activities and associated dust generation. However, all the parameters of ambient air quality are

found well within prescribed limit.

5.3.7 Noise Quality

The baseline environmental monitoring for noise quality was conducted through primary survey to at

strategic locations considering various project components like construction of STP, SPS, laying of sewer

line etc. The baseline noise levels helps in understanding the existing noise level so that necessary

monitoring mechanism and safeguard measures can be formulated for the possible impacts from the project

on noise quality during the construction and operation stages of the project. The existing baseline noise level

is presented in table 5.4.

Table -5.4: Noise Quality at Beur, Patna

Locations Name Equivalent Noise

Level Leq (dB(A))

6.0 am to 10.0 pm

Equivalent Noise

Level Leq (dB(A))

10.0 pm to 6.0 am

Permissible Limit Leq

(dB(A)) Day Time Night

Time Beur STP 60.36 50.02 65 55

Rajya Vidya Kendra Mandir 46.23 39.45 50 40

Patna High School,Khagaoul

Road 47.28 40.05 50 40

Irrigation Office, Anisabad 64.02 51.36 65 55


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Figure – 5.4 : Noise Quality at Beur, Patna

The analysis of noise level indicate that the average noise levels of all above given locations are within the

permissible limits.

The average day and night Ambient Noise levels monitored by Govt. Approved “Noida Testing Laboratory” for

residential, commercial, industrial and sensitive locations during the month of May 2014.

5.3.8 Mineral Resources

The project influence area does not have any sources of minerals except sand being mined in Ganga and

Sone River beds for construction. 5.3.9 Land use As the proposed project is located in capital city of Bihar state, the project influence entirely falls

under urban periphery.


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Figure- 5.5 Land use distribution of Patna urban area

Figure – 5.6 Landuse around STP

5.3.10 Seismicity

According to GSHAP data, the state of Bihar lies in a region with moderate to low to high seismic

hazard, though the project site lies in Low Hazard Zone (refer Map5.1). As per the 2002 Bureau of

Indian Standards (BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones III, IV & V. The project site is falling

under Zone IV (as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002).


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Map 5.1, Sesmic zone of India and Bihar

Sesmic Zone Map of India Sesmic Zone map of Bihar

Figure – 5.7 Sesmic zone of India and Bihar


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5.3.11 METEOROLOGY Climatological (long-term) data is obtained from the closest Indian Meteorology Department (IMD)

station or from any other nearby station which has been collecting meteorological data for more than ten

years. The nearest meteorological data is available from Patna, the capital city of Bihar. Table -

5.3 shows monthly mean Temperature, Humidity, Visibility, Wind Speed and Precipitation near the

project sites. The averages were drawn over last 5 years daily average data. It clearly indicates that May

and June are the warmest months and December and January are the coolest months of the year having

mean temperatures of 31.58±1.46 and 31.76±2.08 for May and June, respectively. It is also to be noted

that June, July and August are the wettest months of the year following the warm season and

November and December are the driest months with least or no rainfall. Wind activity is also very

high during May and June, whereas in winter, especially in November and December wind activity is

minimal. Figure 5.3 below presents the average wind rose plots for the year 2012 – 2013 depicting the

predominant wind directions during different months of the year.


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Table - 5.5: Monthly mean data for different meteorological variables near the project road.

Month

Mean

Temperatu

re (deg C)

Mean

Humidit

y

Mean

Visibility

Km

Mean

Wind

Speed

(Km/

h)

Wind

Direction

Degrees

Precipitati

on

(mm)

Mean

Dew

Point

(oC)

Mean Sea

Level

Pressure (

hPa)

Clou

d

Cove

r Jan 14.35±0.73 70.51±2.76 1.38±0.07 3.2±0.65 233.35 0.23±0.2 9.32 1016.16 1.93

Feb

19.15±0.25 60.35±6.94 2.22±0.32 5.3±1.8 252.29 0.21±0.3 13.96 1014.54 3.25

Mar 24.67±0.56 45.14±5.56 2.77±0.31 5.32±1.7 260.16 0.17±0.18 15.42 1010.13 2.50

Apr 29.36±0.57 40.71±1.84 2.89±0.38 7.71±1.09 208.43 0.35±0.27 16.60 1005.37 2.90

May 31.58±1.46 49.67±12.48 2.89±0.35 11.16±4.02 111.90 1.43±1.24 22.23 1000.74 3.38

June 31.76±2.08 61.91±12.05 2.79±0.3 10.32±2.99 105.50 3.93±4.49 25.63 998.43 4.52

Jul 30.23±0.18 73.41±3.62 2.56±0.19 8.3±1.15 129.71 4.64±3.84 25.97 997.61 5.48

Aug

29.84±0.47 75.49±1.63 2.57±0.27 6.4±1.59 132.19 4.26±0.64 26.06 1000.48 4.81

Sep

29.16±0.3 74.88±1.09 2.61±0.37 6.41±1.86 134.47 5.36±2.2 25.17 1004.00 4.47

Oct 26.73±0.41 68.52±3.71 2.42±0.45 2.62±0.96 228.90 1.11±1.77 20.00 1010.48 2.79

Nov

21.99±1.2 67.71±4.31 1.81±0.39 1.76±0.64 201.37 0±0.01 14.17 1012.50 4.00

Dec

16.27±0.65 72.34±7.74 1.27±0.31 1.49±0.43 212.13 0±0 11.16 1014.13 2.31

Source –IMD, Patna


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 5.8: Monthly mean plots of meteorological parameters and visibility.

5.3.12 Wind Speed and direction The average wind speed recorded is 1.33 knots. The data of IMD shows the wind directions in

project city are from NE during summer and SW during the winter.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Avg. speed-1.33

Knots Start Date- 31-12-

2011, 02: 00 End Date- 31-12-

2012, 23:00 Calm Winds-

65.91%.

Total Count – 440Hr

Figure 5.9: Wind Rose Plot


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5.3.13 Cloud Cover

The skies are generally moderately to heavily clouded and occasionally overcast during the monsoon

season and for brief spells of a day or two in winter season due to passing western disturbances. The

skies are mainly clear or lightly clouded during the rest of the year.

5.3.14 Special Weather Phenomenon.

The area is scarcely affected by monsoon depressions. May to September months are the period with the

highest incidence of thunder storms and dust storms. Some thunder storms are dry but give rise to

violent squalls while some of the thunder storms are accompanied with heavy rain and sometimes with

hail storm. Thunder storms also occur in the winter months due to western disturbances. Dust storms

and squall occur occasionally in May and June (Hot Season). Occasional fog occurs in the cold

season and fog may persist sometimes for many days. Hail is relatively rare phenomenon.

5.3.15 Relative Humidity

The relative humidity in project city is round 80 to 93 %.

5.3.16 Rainfall and Precipitation

The weather in Patna is characterized by a distinct wet season during the period of south west

monsoon (June to September). The air temperature starts falling with the onset of the monsoon from

June onwards, making the weather more humid and equable. The diurnal range between the daily

mean minimum and the daily mean maximum temperature reduces progressively as the monsoon

advances. Eventually, the lowest diurnal range of temperature occurs at the peak of the monsoon,

which is usually in August, though sometimes in July. As soon as the monsoon is over, the diurnal

range of temperature starts increasing rapidly to a maximum attained during the month of November.

The rainfall and temperature details in Patna are given in Table 5.4.

Table 5.6 Rainfall in project area

Station and Year

Mean Annual Rainfall (mm)

Water surplus in wet months Jul-Sept (mm)

Rainfall expressed in percentage of annual rainfall from Jul-Sep (mm)

Mean Temp in 0OC

Max Min

Patna

(1951- 1980)

1003.4 807.1 80.4 31.9 20.8

Source: - Indian Meteorological Department

5.3.17 Overall Climate

The Ganga plains zone forms an excessive bowl of warm air, especially during day time. The mean

maximum daily temperature even the coldest month (January) nowhere falls below 21°C. Hot season in the

zone covers the period from April to June, May being the hottest month in the greater part of the area may

rises 40°C and above. The cold weather period extends from December to February, January being the

coldest month when temperature falls below 10°C. In lower Ganga plain, the minimum temperature is

somewhat higher being 11°C at Patna. The onset of monsoon normally occurs in early June in the

Lower Bengal and by the end of July, the monsoon establishes itself overthe entire Ganga Plain and

results in heavy downpour and triggered off everywhere till the end of September.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


5.3.18 Water Quality:

In this report the water quality data has been taken for reference from similar report submitted to

NGBRA, which was monitored in September 2012. Since the measurements were made during the

monsoon/post monsoon having high discharge, the BOD load has been reduced to a great extent due to the

concept “dilution is the best solution to pollution”. But, it also warrants that the serious measures are

required to take as part of the city sanitation plan to minimize the disposal of direct discharge of raw

sewage in Ganga. The analysis result has been given in below mentioned table 5.5.

Table 5.7 Surface water quality of river Ganga

Sl Parame

ter Unit Sample Location

Kali ghat Krishna

ghat Collector

at ghat Gandhi

ghat Anta ghat Gulvi

ghat

1 pH 7.52 at 28⁰C

7.36 at 28⁰C

7.31at 28⁰C

7.65 at 28⁰C

7.49 at 28⁰C

7.45 at 28⁰C

2 TDS mg/l 127.4 257 141.5 130.5 128.4 136.4 3 TSS mg/l 680 599 165 837 157 170 4 TH mg/l 103.68 172.8 107.52 119.04 88.32 111.36 5 Fe mg/l 1.93 3.27 3.88 3.47 1.69 3.35 6 Cl mg/l 17.81 31.67 15.83 15.83 17.81 17.81 7 F mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 8 Ca mg/l 27.65 44.54 26.11 41.47 23.04 27.65 9 Mg mg/l 8.29 14.75 10.13 3.68 7.37 10.14 10 SO4 mg/l <1.0 25.89 1.71 28.75 7.19 3.05 11 NO3 mg/l 3.2 <0.4 5.7 3.1 2.7 11.2 12 As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 13 Zn mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 14 DO mg/l 7.7 7.3 7.9 7.7 7.2 7.2 15 BOD mg/l 3.3 3.21 3.11 <2.0 3.21 2.1 16 COD mg/l 19.48 15.58 19.48 7.79 19.48 7.79 17 Total

Alkalinity mg/l 105.08 184.6 99.4 110.76 110.76 107.92

18 Total

Colifor

m

cfu/100ml 30 110 170 280 280 23

19 Faecal Coliform

cfu/100ml 13 21 13 17 22 13


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The river Ganga is within 1.0 km distance of the project site. The Central pollution control boards regularly

monitor river water quality at Patna Stretch. To study the water quality of River Ganga, the Central Pollution

Control Board (CPCB) has set up water quality monitoring stations on the main river and on its various

tributaries It is observed that BOD and DO comply with the standard at all the locations, while FC does not

conform to the standard at any of the locations. BOD shows an increasing or a marginally increasing trend at all

the locations. No trend is observed with respect to DO. The Ganga river water quality trend at Patna stretch has

been depicted in the Figure 19 to Figure 20.

Figure 19: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms Dissolved Oxygen


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Figure 20: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms BOD

Figure 21: Ganga river water quality trend at Patna Stretch in terms Feacal Coliform

As per the latest water quality monitoring conducted by Bihar State Pollution Control Board (Table 5.2), the

biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) levels at all stations are often above the permissible 3.0 mg/l for outdoor

bathing waters and also above 2.0 mg/l limit for the drinking water standard, as set by the Indian Standard

code. However, the water quality parameter of dissolved oxygen (DO) seems within permissible limits. The

minimum DO levels for water as per the Indian standard code ranges from 4.0-6.0 mg/l for drinking and

bathing respectively. The river Punpun water quality has been depicted in Table 5.3. Total coliform and fecal

coliform were present at all stations, indicating possible contamination from municipal waste water discharges

from the city. The presence of fecal coliform in the water also indicates a greater potential of the presence of

pathogenic microorganisms, which may cause waterborne diseases, leading to detrimental impacts on the

health of the community. During summer, the river flow reduces and at increased temperature the bacterial

activities increases to oxidize the organic matter discharged into it from various domestic and industrial

sources.


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Table 15 : Ganga River Water Quality at Patna

Parameter Digha near

Railway Bridge

(U/S)

Gaighat (D/S General standard for discharge on

inland surface water as per CPCB

BOD(mg/l) 2.6 2.8 30

COD (mg/l) 16 20 250

TSS (mg/l) 28 30 100

DO 8.0 7.8 T. Coli (MPN/100 ml) 3000 9000 500

F. Coli(MPN/100 ml) 1300 3000

Table 16 : Punpun River Water Quality as conducted by Bihar State Pollution Control Board

Parameter Railway

Bridge (U/S) Fatua (D/S) General standard for discharge on

inland surface water as per CPCB

BOD(mg/l) 2.0 2.5 30

COD (mg/l) 16 20 250

TSS (mg/l) 26 34 100

DO 7.5 7.0 T. Coli (MPN/100 ml) 1400 1700 500

F. Coli(MPN/100 ml) 500 700

5.4 Natural Environment

The discussion and study of these social and environmental features enable to identify areas of concern in

the entire study area. Consultants project site visit and available secondary information has been used to

identify the area of concern.

5.4.1 Recorded Forest Area

As per India State of Forest Report 2009, the recorded forest area of the state is 6,473 km2, which is 6.87%

of the geographical area. Reserved forests constitute 10.70%, Protected Forest 89.28 and Unclassed Forest

0.02% of the total forest area.

5.4.2 Forest Cover

The forest cover in the state, based on interpretation of satellite Data of Oct 2006-Feb 2007, is 6,804 KM2,

which is 7.23% of the state geographical area. In terms of forest canopy density classes, the state has 231 km2

vey dense forest 3,248 km2 moderately dense forest, and 3,325 Km2 open forest. The forest cover map is

also being referred to visualize the scenario of the study area which is given below as Map. Since the project

is located entirely in urban area, presence of forest and forest resources is almost NIL


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Map 5. 2, Forest distribution in Bihar

5.4.3 Protected Natural Habitats

The proximity to the ecological sensitive areas like Reserved Forest, wild life sanctuaries and National

park are the most important criteria for screening of road project. This is the most important parameter

in the environmental screening process because of the biodiversity related issues. More over if

impacted it requires many months /years of legal process to obtain clearance for environmental and

forestry clearances. There is one National Park and 12 wildlife Sanctuaries covering an area of 0.32 million hectare,

which constitutes 3.38% of the total geographical area of the state.

5.4.4 Wildlife Habitats As mentioned above the state has 1 National Park and 12 Wildlife Sanctuary none of them is situated

within 10 km of project or project influence area. As per primary discussion with Forest Department

official and local community, no wildlife movement has been observed in past. It is worthy to mention that project city Patna is situated on the bank of river Ganga and flown very

near to project city. Part of Ganga River approx. 50 km from Sultanganj to Kahalgaon in district of

Bhagalpur has been declared as “Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary” in 1991 which is only

protected area for endangered Gangetic Dolphins in Asia. The Gangetic Dolphin is declared as “National

Aquatic Animal of India” on 5th of October 2009. It is to be noted that the declared area of River Ganga is Far away from project/study area and

does not attract wild life clearance or does not require permission from National Ganga River Basin

Authority (NGRBA).

5.4.5 Flora.

The phytosociological study of the core zone (terrestrial habitat) beyond the riparian habitat comprises of

manmade ecosystem. Trees plantation in form of landscaping was noticed due to nearby residential area,

government offices, hospitals, university, parks and market places. The species of trees reported are mainly

planted, except few species which are naturally growing. These trees are fruit, flower and seed bearing and


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attract avifauna, small mammals and reptiles. Nesting was commonly reported. Species of trees reported

during primary survey are given in Table below.

Table: List of trees reported in the project affected area

S.No. Common Name Scientific Name

1 Peepal Ficus religiosa

2 Bargad Ficus benghalensis

3 Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo

4 Jamun Syzygium cumini

5 Neem Azadirachta indica

6 Sal Shorea robusta

7 Salai Boswellia serrate

8 Bahera Terminalia arjuna

9 Mango Mangifera indica

10 Golden shower Crassia fistula

11 Bakain Melia azadirachta

12 Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus

13 Kadamb Anthocephalus cadamba

14 Bail Aegle marmelos

15 Siris Albizia procera

16 Devil Tree Alstonia scholaris

17 Royal Palm Roystonea regia

18 Amla Phyllanthus emblica

19 Neem Azadirachta indica

20 Coconut Coco nucifera

21 Umar Ficus racemosa

22 Mango Mangifera Sp

23 Gular Ficus Glomerata

24 Palash Butea monosperma

25 Gulmohar Delonix regia

26 Kala siris Albizia lebbeck

27 Semal Bombax ceiba

28 Bair Zizyphus jujube

5.4.6 Fauna

To study the diversity of fauna, various survey methods were adopted. The survey was mainly carried out at

dawn and at dusk to study animal behavior and habitat. This study period is mainly selected as animals are

most active.


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Secondary data was collected from the forest department and interaction with the local was also conducted to

establish baseline study for distribution of wild animals in the study area. No wild mammals are reported in the

study area, due to anthropogenic activity and urbanized habitat. Domestic mammals are reported in the study

area.

5.4.7 Avifauna:

The fauna reported in the inner buffer zone4are mainly avifauna (highest diversity) followed by mammals and

reptiles. The commonly reported avifauna in the study area during primary survey, with higher diversity are

Common crow, Myna, Eagle, Sparrow, Babbler, Pigeon, Cattle Egrets, Red Vented bulbul, Drongo, Sparrow,

Indian Roller etc. During site visit higher frequency of birds recorded in the project affected. This is mainly

due to availability of nesting habitat, discarded foods from rituals ceremony and fruits bearing trees. Table 5.5

gives the list of avifauna reported in the core zone and inner buffer zone.

Table-19: List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone

S.No Common Name Scientific Name

1. Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus

2. Rock Pigeon Columba livia

3. Cattle Egrets Bubulcus ibis

4. Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus

5. Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer

6. Common Crow Corvus splendene

7. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis

8. Common Babbler Turdoides caudate

9. Green Bee eater Merops orientalis

10. House sparrow Passer domesticus

11. Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus

12. Egret Casmerodium albus

13. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

14. Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula Krameri

15 Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis

16 Bank Myna` Acridotheres ginginianus

5.4.8 Mammals

The major wild animals found in the area are the Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), Indian foxes

(Vulpes bengalensis), Jackals (Cansis aureus), porcupines, monkeys (Nigicollis), wild cats (Felis chaus),

hares (Lepus ruficandatus) and other domesticated animals.

5.4.9 Reptiles

Lizards of all kinds abound from the large tree climbing animals called gosamp to the harmless house

lizards; but snakes are not perhaps so abundant as in area. Thanatophidia, especially the cobra and


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karait (Bangarus caearulus) are continually met with. The other reptiles that are found in the area are

Ghariyal (gavialis gengeticus), Indian Python (Python molurus) and SAL terrapin (Kachuga kachuga).

5.4.10 Birds

The common birds seen in the study area are grey partridge, smaller sand group, snipe and many kinds

of quail, the latter affording excellent shooting when the ripe rabi crops are on the ground or in the arhar

fields close to waste land overgrown with scrub vegetation. Neither the black nor the painted partridge are

seen in study area, but the small florican is occasionally found. Blue-rock pigeons are common. The

green pigeon or bacial is found wherever there are Peepall trees. During the winter months the area are

well stocked with the teal and various kinds of ducks, pochards, sheldrakes and goose. The gray goos and

brahminy duck are however more common in the neighborhood of the Ganga and Sone River while the

kuland is met with but is not abundant. The peacocks are also seen in the project influence area. The

avifauna include the well known saras (crane), many kinds of herons and waders, and all the usual

varieties of voves, parakeet, sparrows, shrikes, crows, rollers and other passerine birds.

5.4.11 Fishes

The common fishes of the study area are as follows:

Acanthocobitis botia, Ailia coila, Ailia punchata, Arius gagorides, Badis badis, Bagarius bagarius,

Bagarius yarrelli, Barilius barna, Barilius sharca, Barilius tileo, Botia Dario, Botia lohachata, Chaca

chaca, Chagunium chagunio, Chitala chitala, Coinus quadrufasiatus, Danio rerio, Erethistes pusillus,

Eutropiichthys murius, Gagata cenia, Gagata gagata, Gagata sexualis, Gagata youssoufi, Gangra

viridescens, Glyptothorax stocliczkae, Gonialosa chapra, Ilisha megaloptera, Johnius gangaticus,

Lepidocephalus guntea, Mustus gulio, Nangra carcharhinoides, Nangra nangra, Otolithoides pama,

Pristis microdon, Punitus guganio, Raiamas bola, Salmostoma bacaila, Tor tor, Sperata aor, Xenentodon

cancila

5.4.12 Other Visual resources

Beside the above mentioned resources no other significant resources are identified during field survey

or from available secondary data.

5.4.13 Presence of vulnerable, threatened, endangered species of flora and fauna

As per discussion with different stalk holder including Forest Division officials, local community and

consultant survey, no vulnerable, threatened or endanger species of flora and fauna has been identified along

project road corridor.

5.5 Social Environment

From Bihar‟s total area 96163 km² Patna district occupies an area of 3,202 km². Total Urban Population of

Bihar is 1, 17, 58, 016.00 in which males‟ population are 62, 04,307 and females are 55, 53,709. Out of the

total Patna population for 2011 census, 43.07 percent lives in urban regions of district. As per 2011 census,

total population of Patna urban is 25, 14,590 of which 1,683,200 lives within the municipality boundary.

Total male population in Patna is 13, 32,487 which isapproximately 53 % of total urban population. Sex

ratio in Patna district as per Census 2011 is 887 whereas child sex ratio is 883. Child populations (0-6) in

urban region were 3, 29,592 of which males and females were 1, 75,005 and 1, 54,587. This child population

figure of Patna district is13.11 % of total urban population.


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Indicators Bihar Urban Patna Urban

Male Female Male Female

Population 6204307 5553709 1332487 1182103

Sex ratio 895 887

Literacy 82.56 % 61.95% 85.75% 75.59%

Population Density

1102 1808

Average literacy rate in Bihar is 76.86% which males and females are 82.56% and 61.95%. In Patna district

as per census 2011 literacy rate is 80.98 % of which males and females are 85.75 % and

75.59 % literates respectively. In actual number 1769307 people are literate in urban region of which males

and females are 992574 and 776733 respectively.

Average literacy rate in Patna district as per census 2011 is 82.40 % of which males and females are

87.71 % and 81.33 % literates respectively. In actual number 1,810,338 people are literate in urban region

of which males and females are 1,008,475 and 801,863 respectively.

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Patna one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of

a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions

Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Agricultural products include: Paddy, Maize, Pulses and Wheat and also oil

seeds. Roughly one third of the area sown is under rice (paddy). Cash crops such as vegetables and water-

melons are also grown in Diara belt. Major industries include leather, handicrafts, and agro processing.

Though the human development indicators i.e., literacy, sex ratio, etc. have improved over past decade

however income and poverty profile has not changed much due to natural resource degradation and natural

calamities.


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6.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

6.1 Introduction

The first attempt to assess the environmental impacts was done within the “Preliminary Environmental

Assessment". The potential environmental impacts is prepared using the baseline data survey which

conducted for this study, following the general recommendations for elaboration of the environmental impacts,

using updated information and large amount of new data and taking into consideration all media and their

interaction.

In the feasibility study, Detail Report, and the previous NGRBA study reports the site selection and the

treatment process of existing STP was done. Different treatment alternatives were considered for possible use at

Beur STP. They were: Activated Sludge Process, Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Bio Aerated filters,

Membrane bio reactors, and Trickling Filters. This alternative treatment study was recently prepared by DPR

Consultants as part of the initial detailed design Report. It was proposed to apply Sequencing Batch Reactor

treatment process for the Beur STP. The implementation of the proposed project is planned to be executed in

two package i.e construction of STP, and lying of pipe line. Due to that the current study will focus on the

impact assessment of the implementation of the both package of project and technology compared with the case

of no implementation of the project. In order to assess in more details possible impacts during construction,

operation phase and post operation phase. Following stages and activities have been taken in consideration: 6.2 Construction stage:

The following activities are planned in the construction phase:

Laying of trunk sewer

Construction of manholes;

Preparatory works at the location of the STP at Beur and excavation works;

Transport and disposal of surplus excavated material;

Construction of the structures at STP site (civil works, use of heavy machinery and vehicles);

Disposal of construction waste;

Installation of the equipment;

Construction of accommodation facilities for the workers (water supply, sewerage, waste disposal).

The following actions are expected:

Excavation

Leveling

Concrete work

Electromechanical work

6.3 Operation stage:

In this phase, the following activities are planned:

Treatment technology/ operation of the equipment for sewerage treatment and effluent

production;

Operation of equipment for sludge production and treatment (digester, drying beds and biogas

production);

Sludge disposal on temporary storage at STP site.

Effluent recharge


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The following actions will be carried out:

Removal and Disposal of grit and Floating material

Biological Unit operation

Effluent discharge to infiltration basin

Emergency discharge to river/drain

Sludge removal and treatment

When identifying the potential impacts of a new project, the environmental impacts expected need to be

measured against the existing baseline conditions. Also, impacts may be beneficial, and occasionally both

where opposing interests or viewpoints exist. The consultant identified possible and expected impacts of the

different project activities and action in the constriction and operational phases. The EIA team assesses short-

and long-term impacts, including both direct and indirect impacts. Table-6.1 presents preliminary results

indicating the potential impacts, positive and adverse, of different project activities on the key environmental

parameters.

In general, relatively limited adverse impact can be created in different project phases. However, building of

Beur STP will have a positive environmental impact Patna City life. It is expected to produce a long-term

improvement in public health of the citizens of Patna as to significantly reduce a source of chronic water

pollution of a valuable scarce groundwater resource. Specific impacts that are anticipated or forecasted are

discussed in detail in this chapter.

6.4 Impact on ground and surface water The impact on ground is expected to be positive. The treated water can be used for irrigation purpose in nearby

agricultural area, which can be consider as recovery wells and the ground water level will improved slightly.

The immediate and one of the most beneficial impacts of the proposed treatment plant‟s construction will be

the cessation of the discharge of untreated or partially treated waste water to the holly River Ganga and also

Punpun river. As result, local environment conditions will be improved which can be expected to benefit to both

the local population and to downstream users Construction and operation of the proposed treatment plant will

make significant reductions in the existing nutrient loads from the untreated/partially treated wastewater

discharge. Also, total and fecal coli forms counts will be reduced significantly. This will have a positive

impact on bathing water quality and aquatic life including fisheries.

On the other hand, operational difficulties may be experienced at plant start-up or during Periods when

equipment malfunctions. The effluent discharged under these emergency conditions would still be an

improvement over the existing condition where raw/partially treated sewage is discharged into the river. The

temporal wastewater discharge to the river in case of emergency, will affect the downstream water quality

for short time.

6.5 Impact on Soil This section describes the range of potential soil quality impacts associated with the establishment and

operation of Beur Sewerage treatment plant. In project sites the soil varies from sandy to sandy loam in texture.

a. Construction stage

The most significant aspects in the construction phase of Beur Sewerage treatment plant and the trenching

work of laying of sewer line the soil impact are: Excavation works, road restoration, ponds construction works.

These will expose soils in the affected project areas leaving them vulnerable to erosion by surface run-off and

wind. However, the flat topography of the proposed site would tend to reduce erosive surface flows. The overall

threat could exist for the durations of construction works with the rainy season.


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On the other hand, the construction of the Sewerage treatment plant will involve building large

embankment structures on land, which will result in a loss of the option for alternative land use and thus

represents an irreversible commitment of land resources. Besides, there is high possibility for soil pollution

with substances due to leakages of fuels and oils from the heavy vehicles and machinery used for construction

and due to applied chemicals during this phase.

Vegetation is important since protect the soil from erosion by wind. Plant‟s roots help to maintain soil

structure and facilitate water infiltration. Huge quantities of sandy to sandy loam of soil, is expected to be

removed from the site and transferred to other locations. Only small amount of the excavation soil may be

used for leveling activities.

b. Operation Phase During the operation of the plant the production of sludge is considered the significant aspects disturbing

the quality of the soil. The treated sewage sludge has significant organic matter content and contains

macronutrients and micronutrients essential for plant growth. However, it can also contain potential

contaminants such as heavy metals, organic contaminants and pathogens. The main environmental concern

about utilization of sewage sludge on land is the accumulation of heavy metals in soils and a possible

contamination of the food chain. Most municipal wastes, sewage sludge in particular, contain high

concentrations of mineral nutrients (N,P, Ca, etc.), but also toxic heavy metals. As heavy metals generally are

much higher concentrated in sewage sludge than commonly found in soils, the concentration of extractable

heavy metals in soils such as Cd, Zn, Cu and Ni can be increased by sludge application to soil. Moreover, the

fine particle structure of pure sewage sludge sometimes causes problems during application to soil. The fine

particles have a low water retention capacity and – beside the nutrient supply – do not improve the soil quality,

especially of sandy soils, significantly. 6.6 Air quality

6.6.1 Climate

Wastewater handling is considered a minor source of greenhouse gas emissions in many countries. The

existence of Beur Sewerage Treatment Plant will not have any negative effect on the microclimate of the

area. The microclimate will be improved against the climate extremities (wind and storms), by planting trees

in the neighborhood of the plant. Wastewater is treated to remove organic matter using biological processes

in which microorganisms consume the organic matter for maintenance and growth.

Microorganisms can perform this biodegradation process under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, the latter

condition producing methane (CH4). During collection and treatment, wastewater may be accidentally or

deliberately managed under anaerobic conditions. Untreated wastewater may also produce methane if

contained under anaerobic conditions. Fugitive emissions of this gas will contribute to the global climate change

thus having negative impact.

Both domestic and industrial wastewater may also be a source of nitrous oxide emissions. After processing,

treated effluent may be discharged to a receiving water environment (e.g., river, lake, estuary, etc.), applied

to soils, or disposed of below the surface. Nitrous oxide (N2O) may be generated during both nitrification

and denitrification of the nitrogen present, usually in the form of urea, ammonia, and proteins.

6.6.2 Noise The proposed project sites are located in open rural areas with no major industrial activities undertaken in the

vicinity of the sites. Current noise sources at the sites of the project are merely due to natural sources. Man made

sources include traffic noise which was negligible in the project sites due to low traffic volumes. The

construction of the treatment plant will produce significant noise levels during the construction phase. During

the operation phase, noise levels are not expected to exceed current baseline measurements.


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Construction activities will take place across the whole project components that include Sewerage

Treatment Plant, emergency overflow pipe, lying of sewer pipe line and outfall. In general, the impact

of the construction will depend on;

The proximity of the construction activities to noise sensitive receivers (NSRs);

The specific heavy equipment deployed; and

The length of time over which the construction works are taken.

Typical noise emissions from various construction equipments that may be used at the project sites are

summarized in table 6.1.

Table 6.1: Typical noise emissions of construction equipment

Equipment Typical sound pressure level in dB9A) at given distance

15 m 240m Air compressor 75-87 51-63

Backhoe 71-92 47-69

Compactor 72 48

Concrete mixture 75-88 51-64

Front loader 72-81 48-58 Generator 72-82 48-58 Grader 80-93 56-69 Pumps 70-90 44-66 Stone crusher 85-95 61-74 Tractors, Dozers 78-95 54-74 Trucks 83-93 59-69 Concrete vibrators 68-81 44-57

Effective noise management protocols would be implemented wherever applicable during

construction and operating phases of the life of this project. Besides this protocol measures, construction

work will be limited to day time periods, thus avoiding the night time which is the most noise sensitive. The

following measures should be treated as a part of the project proposal which include:

planting of buffer trees and shrubs where appropriate;

locating noisy equipments as far as possible from NSRs;

orienting equipment with high directivity to emit noise away from NSRs;

switching off unnecessary or idle equipments;

fitting of noise mufflers to mobile equipments; and

Preventive maintenance of equipment to minimize noise emissions.

In the light of the prevailing low ambient noise levels in the area surrounding the project sites, it is

inevitable that some noise disturbance will be experienced, particularly during the construction of the

emergency outfall pipe. Such impacts, although temporary and therefore reversible, are assessed to be

negative and low to moderate significance.

6.6.3 Odor

Odor is defined as "the sensation resulting from stimulation of the human sense of smell." Odor is a sensitive

subject because perception of odors is subjective. Our sensitivities and reactions to odors are influenced by

personal preferences, opinions, experiences, and the varying sensitivities of our olfactory systems. Odors are a

nuisance. The current state of knowledge suggests that it is possible for certain odorous emissions to have an

impact on physical health. The most frequently reported symptoms attributed to odors include headache,

nausea, hoarseness, cough, nasal congestion, palpitations, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness, alterations in

mood, and eye, nose, and throat irritation. The process of wastewater collection, conveying or treatment has the


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potential to generate and release odors to the surrounding area. However, most odor problems occur in the

collection system, in primary treatment facilities and in solids handling facilities. In most instances, the odors

are generated as a result of an anaerobic or "septic" condition. Although there are many common odors

associated with treatment plants, H2S is the most prevalent malodorous gas associated with domestic

wastewater collection and treatment. The conditions leading to H2S formation usually favor the production

of other odorous gases, such as ammonia and mercaptants, which may have considerably higher detectable

odor thresholds, and consequently H2S may be an indicator of their presence. Exposure of receptors to levels of

hydrogen sulfide above 5ppb can lead to odor nuisance.

The CPCB, government of India has set Odor Detection Threshold in ppm (v/v) for Hydrogen sulfide is

0.00047. The processes of proposed Beur Sewerage Treatment Plant, wastewater potential sources of foul

Odor are the primary treatment facilities and solids handling facilities. The proposed wastewater treatment

tanks are not expected to produce odors. This is due to the use of aeration process thus preventing septic

conditions. The treatment plant site and proposed infiltration basins are located in rural agricultural area where

manure is applied periodically for agricultural purposes. This fact makes any produced odor would not increase

the background odor concentrations. The odor produced has low negative impact. Odor is expected to be

produced at pretreatment part in case of inappropriate handling of grit/grease removal.

6.6.4 Air Quality Impacts

This section addresses the proposed project‟s impact on air quality, both during construction and upon

completion of the project. Air quality impacts can be classified as either direct or indirect. Direct air

quality impacts result from emissions generated by stationary sources at a project or potential development

site such as emissions from fuel burned at a site for driving any equipment at the site. Indirect air quality

impacts result from emissions from offsite stationary sources and mobile sources generated by the project.

a. Construction Phase Construction activities related to the Proposed Project will result in limited short-term air quality impacts.

There will be fugitive dust generated during the site preparation and construction phases of the Project. The

potential impact from these fugitive dust emissions will be minimized by following the appropriate preventive

measures listed in the mitigation section below. Vehicular emissions from construction equipment and

construction worker vehicles are anticipated to have very minimal short- term impacts. None of the short-term

construction related impacts are expected to cause a tangible increase on air pollution of the area.

b. Operation Phase

The only long term air quality impact that may be created by the Proposed Project results from the potential

increase in project-related exhaust emissions. The primary pollutants associated with vehicular exhaust

emissions are NOx and CO. The Proposed Project will not increase traffic volumes, reduce source-

receptor distances or change other existing conditions to such a degree as to increase air pollutants emissions.

No long term impacts to air quality are anticipated. 6.7 Socio-Economic Impacts

No private land is required for construction of STP or laying of sewer pipeline. The proposed STP will be

constructed near existing site old STP and required land is already available with Implementing Agency

(EA). In such a condition any long term Socio-economic negative impact is very unlikely except short term

inconvenience.

During construction there will be disruption of the small vendors business but like to shift on the other side

of the road. The STP will be constructed on existing STP site hence no displacement or acquisition has been

anticipated. The Pumping station is not proposed so it also not warned any land acquisition. Due to the

excavation work which will take place on the main roads of the city, there will be a disturbance in the traffic

movement in congestion area. People may suffer some inconvenience during the morning and evening peak

hours. This issue is discussed in the DPR, and suggests de-routing of the traffic as the mitigation measure.


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The excavation and tunneling work will lead to road blockage and as a result the commercial establishments

and vendors will have some trouble in operating their business on daily basis. But there will be no loss of

livelihood. Ambulatory vendors can very well shift their place as and when required. So, overall no loss of

livelihood has been reported during the survey.

As per anecdotal evidence gathered in the field visit, most shop-owners and mobile vendors are welcoming

the sewage project implementation as they see a direct benefit of improved living and working conditions.

They are aware of, and prepared to face temporary inconveniences caused by construction if the project is

implemented in a timely manner. However, the same respondent felt that they had little confidence in the

ability of the agency to execute a project in an efficient manner. They had grievances 6.8 Social Economic Benefits of the Project

It is expected that the Project will have positive impacts on the local populations during both construction and

operation phases.

a. During construction Phase

The Project will create short-term construction jobs and incomes for local population, including poor people. The

construction of the new Beur STP and its associated facilities will have positive economic effect through

employment generation. During the construction phase, services of local subcontractors will be use which will

generate job opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in addition to services of engineers and others.

Around 750 working days will be generated during the construction phase for different levels of employ.

Economical benefits to local communities expected to increase through procurement of local construction

materials from the local market.

b. During project Operational Phase The Project will have economic, social and health and environment benefits to local communities. Economic

benefits include creating more than 100 long-term employment opportunities and increasing incomes for

population. Social benefits include comfort brought about through improvement of natural environment and

scenes. Moreover, health and environmental benefits can be achieved through improvement of groundwater

quality and reduction of sickness rate and death rate of the diseases due to groundwater pollution. It

includes reduced health risks and reduced adverse effects on human health and associated loss of working time,

medical costs and so on.

A positive social effect is that the proposed site is far from any neighborhoods and thus will cause the least

disruption to the quality of life of local residents.

The produced treated wastewater can be considered as additional water resource and it is expected to be used in

irrigating specific agricultural crops, which could improve the socio-economical situation in the project vicinity.

6.9 Cultural heritage: No cultural resources have been identified within immediate project influence area as a result of any cultural

resource surveys. However, the capital city Patna has versatile cultural history and during excavation work the

possibility of find-chance cannot be ignored.

In general, excavation and other construction-related activities could cause significant impacts to the scientific

value of the historical resources, unique archaeological resources, or traditional cultural properties that may

be in the Project area. But the construction of STP will not cause adverse effects to historical resources,

including unique archaeological resources.

To conclude, construction and operation of the proposed STP and will not adversely affect the historic

resource located in project city. The site has been chosen to avoid historic resources defined in the regional plan

and the general plans.


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6.10 Biological Impacts

6.10.1 Flora:

The biodiversity of the project area is not rich with forest tree species, shrubs and annual or seasonal grasses. In

the neighboring agriculture include rice, wheat, maize, seasonal vegetable etc. During the construction phase of

the treatment plant the plant cover at the site will be removed. During the operational phase of the STP, the

discharged effluents will be infiltrated to the aquifer and could be used in irrigation of specified crops within the

area.

6.10.2 Fauna:

The fauna in the project area consists of birds, some rodents, and snakes. During the construction phase of

the STP, these animals will be disturbed and their habitat affected. The physical existence of the plant might

scare the birds from nesting around the site. Effluent of the STP will have a minor impact on the soil

microorganisms, particularly beyond the immediate vicinity of the plant. In dry season, the plant effluents can

become a water source for the wild animals and birds.

6.11 The Impact of the No-Action to the Proposed Project Establishment of new STP at Beur will have positive environmental impacts. It is unlikely that it will pollute the

air, the soil, or contaminate the aquifers in the area. However, if the proposed STP is not established, the

wastewater of many area of Beur Zone from the septic tanks and the sewerage collection system will

continue discharging raw sewage into the nature and this will exert negative effects on the local environment

and continue to create health problems. The No Action Alternative would see the continued release of

untreated sewage into nearby available area, exacerbating the deterioration of soil and water quality. This is

due to the acceleration load of organic and inorganic substances, which are streaming to the river and

groundwater with the increasing wastewater flow. The existing living environmental problems will become

more sever and may inhibit economic and social development of the area in the medium and long term: Degradation of the environment and reverse negative developments

Depletion of the aquifer

Dramatic decrease of both quantity and quality of the groundwater

Degradation of the river water bathing quality and biodiversity

Degradation of health situation and increase of water related diseases due to poor sanitation system.


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7.0 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

7.1 Evaluation Methodology

The purpose of impact evaluation is to assign relative significance to the predicted impacts associated

with the project, and thus determine the order in which impacts are to be avoided, mitigated or

compensated. The following points summarized the main objectives of impact evaluation:

Distinguish between impacts that are of most concern (need to be avoided, mitigated or

Compensated) and those that are considered to be less important;

Organize measures of significance in a way that allows a comparison of alternative project

proposals;

Facilitate the communication of results to the concerned public and to decision makers.

This task cannot be undertaken by a single individual or experts.

The evaluation process has been carried out in two stages. First, one should predict the nature of the

impact itself, i.e., its magnitude, and then its relative value to the appropriate group. In the first stage,

one relies on scientific and/or specialized knowledge. In the second stage, one is concerned with the

relative values of the society or segments of it. This latter stage involves value judgments and is not

necessarily based on scientific knowledge. However, these values should be based on a survey of

constituencies in order to determine the preferences of the affected groups. Thus, value judgments

form an integral part of assigning significance.

Depending on the particular environmental component, evaluation of the significance of predicted

impacts can be approached in different ways. For example, changes in air and water quality can be

assessed against established quality and health standards, whereas changes in land use, flora and

fauna, or scenic conditions are more difficult to evaluate.

Key elements for assessing impact significance are:

Level of public concern (particularly over health and safety)

Scientific and professional judgment

Disturbance/disruption of valued ecological systems

Degree of negative impact on social values and quality of life

Public perception versus the scientific/professional opinion of the risks/benefits involved

7.2 Physical Environment

7.2.1 Groundwater

During operation of the STP, there is a possibility for pollution of the groundwater due to leakages of

the system for sewage treatment, sewer pipes and effluent production, leakages of the system for

sludge production, and due to refueling of the vehicles and washing of the vehicles at the site. These

impacts are assessed as negative with very low significance considering that the Beur STP site is

characterized with thick clay top layer.

On the other hand, operation of The Beur STP will have large positive impact on the quality of the

groundwater, as there will be no infiltration of wastewater into the groundwater by cesspits.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Mitigation:

a. System for the treatment of the wastewater and effluent production should ensure

minimization of leakages of wastewater to groundwater (connections between pipes and tanks

should be water-tight)

b. Refueling of vehicles and equipment on the site shall be strictly controlled; washing of

vehicles and equipment on the site shall be restricted;

c. The system for the sludge production should ensure minimization of leakages of sludge to

groundwater (connections between pipes and tanks should be water-tight);

d. All requirements for construction of the sludge drying beds, especially for providing water

impermeable basis, efficient drainage system for leachate and flood protection structures

must be respected;

e. To provide water impermeable basis and flood protection structures on the location for the

temporary disposal of the sludge with dangerous substances and measurements of leachate

should be taken.

7.2.2 River water and Environment

In case of emergency where operational difficulties may be experienced, the untreated/partially treated

wastewater would need to be bypassed directly into the river. This would produce adverse impacts

on the river water quality and fish and other biota during the period of the release and for a short

period. This is considered a low significant impact due to the short time of disposal.

Mitigation:

a. Regular testing of the effluent wastewater to ensure better quality.

b. Installing standby electrical generator in case of energy shortages

c. Disinfection dose of the effluent should be increased during emergency cases in order to

reduce pathogenic bacteria.

d. Prevent fishing, swimming and recreation around the outfall. The prevented area should be

identified according to regular testing of effluent and river water quality.

e. Maintaining equipment in good operating order.

7.2.3 Soil Vegetation clearance, internal road construction/ road restoration, excavation works, and pond

construction works will expose soils in the affected project areas leaving them vulnerable to erosion by

surface run-off limited quantities of soil will be excavated during the construction phase of the

treatment plant. If it coincides with the rainy season, this will cause soil erosion at the site. Leveling at

the plant site can create soil disturbances, erosion problems and dusty conditions.

The reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation will improve the fertility of agricultural lands of the

area. Nevertheless, when unsatisfactorily treated effluents are released, these might contaminate the

soils. If the grease and sludge are not properly handled and managed, they can contaminate the

nearby soils and create unsightly conditions.

Mitigation:

a. The staff of the plant will be trained for proper management of greases, to avoid soil

contamination.

b. Periodic tests will be done to assure the quality of effluent wastewater, to avoid partially

treated wastewater to reach the soils.

c. Excavated soil will be utilized for landscaping and then tree planting purposes.


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


7.2.4 Aesthetic and Landscape Effect The Beur STP will not have any significant impact on landscape as the plant itself will not be visible

from any housing units, nor from most of the neighboring areas.

Mitigation:

a. Great care has to be given to the outfall and the general aesthetics and landscaping.

b. Care has to be given to the STP Plant‟s general aesthetics: essentially it will be hidden from

view by green vegetation, which will be kept neat and clean. The effluent wastewater of the

STP will be utilized for planting trees at the STP site.

7.2.5 Air Quality

a. Dust:

It can be anticipated that a certain amount of air borne particulate matter (dust) will be generated by

earth moving activities during pond construction and during off loading of materials. This situation

will be worse during the dry season and during the afternoons when the winds are most prevalent.

Air borne particulates may pose a hazard to residents in the vicinity or downwind of the construction

site that suffer from upper respiratory tract problems. Otherwise it may only be a nuisance.

Theimpact of dusting is short-term, lasting for the duration of the construction activity, but it may

be severe if it causes significant health problems.

Mitigation:

a. Access roads and exposed ground should be regularly wetted in a manner that effectively

keeps down the dust.

b. Stockpiles of fine materials should be wetted or covered with tarp (sheet) during windy

conditions.

c. Transportation of fine material should be covered.

d. Workers on the site should be issued with dust masks during dry and windy conditions.

e. Unnecessary vehicular trips will be controlled.

b Noise:

The use of heavy equipment during site clearance and road construction works will inevitably

generate noise but this should not be of any consequence to adjacent communities that are located

sufficiently far away as to not be affected. The remoteness of the site should help to ameliorate

noises.

Mitigation:

a. If necessary, local residents should be given notice of intended noisy activities so as to reduce

degree of annoyances.

b. Workers operating equipment that generates noise should be equipped with noise protection

gear. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater than 80 dBA continuously

for 8 hours or more should use earmuffs. Workers experiencing prolonged noise levels of 70

– 80 dBA should wear earplugs.

c. O d o r

Wastewater treatment plant carry a risk of odor nuisance if proper buffers between the treatment

units and existing populations are not provided. Whereas one of the main sources causing odor is

scum, overloading of the ponds will also result in odor problems because the treatment capacity will

have been exceeded. Wind action on the ponds can also cause odors. Odor is best controlled by

proper design and the nuisance risk is reduced by proper alignment of the ponds. The size of the

ponds will result in some degree of wave action. The wind is the effective source of aeration through


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


surface mixing, but too much wind action can disturb bottom sediments and also create an odor

problem. The scum could be treated as a solid waste and could be taken to a Sanitary Landfill, after

appropriate arrangements are made with the Solid Waste management Authority. Alternatively, the

scum should be solar dried, stabilized and then disposed of or utilized as with the sludge.

Mitigation:

a. Ensure appropriate covering/ventilation of the pretreatment unit.

b. Ensure appropriate handling and removal of grit/grease.

c. Ensure proper sizing and alignment of the ponds.

d. Ensure scum is appropriately disposed of or properly stabilized.

e. Monitor and ensure that influent sulphate levels (e.g. below 240 mg/l).

f. Ensure that the pond series have adequate water flow and aeration to reduce the potential of

odor formation.

g. The perimeter of the proposed site will be vegetated with trees and plants of varying heights

thereby forming a windbreaker.

7.3 Biological Environment

7.3.1 Loss of natural habitats

Approximately 3.5 hectares of land will be cleared of all vegetation. As previously discussed, the

sections of the site proposed for construction are primarily exposed (open) grassland. As a result,

there are no significantly important floral species or vegetation communities that would be

negatively impacted by site clearance and construction practices. Similarly, negative impacts on

avifauna, associated with the loss of onsite vegetation/habitat, are expected to be insignificant. As

previously mentioned under, diverse and abundant avifauna does not use the project site for nesting,

breeding or feeding.

Mitigation:

Tree planting will enhance biodiversity at the site. Trees will attract many bird species and other

Animalspecies.

7.3.2 Deterioration of flora and fauna

No rare, endangered or endemic terrestrial plant or fauna species were observed during the site visit as

well as from secondary sources/other published literature and there was nothing untowardly special

about the vegetation on the project site from either an ecological or commercial point of view.

With this in mind, the proposed development will not have a significant negative impact on the

vegetation observed at the site. There are no sensitive, nor any unusual species of fauna or flora in

the site area; this area is indeed primarily devoted to agriculture. In general, the vegetation

encountered at the nodes varied from agricultural crops to trees to herbs and shrubs and were of no

significant importance. Care should be taken in assessing the area for pipe laying where large trees

are encountered as the extent of their root system may pose a problem. In areas where large trees are

encountered, the other side consisting of herbs and shrubs may prove to be more suitable for clearing.

Mitigation:

Reduction of the number of trips and working time of vehicles on site and other measures will

contribute in the mitigation of the impact on the species that are found at the vicinity of the plant.

7.4 Socio-Economic Environment

7.4.1 Cultural Heritage and archaeological resources

The nearest historical site is more than 2km far from the STP. The project implementation will not

affect adversely the historical sites. However, archaeological remains could be discovered during


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


construction activities.

Mitigation:

a. Monitoring of site excavations

b. In case of finding information or signs about archeological sites, the concerned agency

should be informed.

7.4.2 Employment Opportunities

Several categories of employees will be required during the construction phase. This will include

skilled and unskilled labors, engineers, and a small number of other professionals. These levels of

short-term employment would have a positive impact on the local economy and on regional

unemployment. Moreover, the project operation will provide employment for several persons. This

would represent a positive long-term significant impact.

Mitigation:

No mitigation measure is required.

7.4.3 Public Health and Safety

There is the possibility of mosquito/flies breeding in the open /other ponds and channels of the STP,

which can cause nuisance to the people during the summer months. Also possible accidents,

drawings and injuries for residents and workers can be considered a significant negative impact.

Occurrence of fire is not possible unless the system does not function properly and create explosive

situations. On the other hand, the establishment of a treatment of wastewater will minimize/eliminate

the spread of water related diseases, prevent risks of contamination of the soil and groundwater and

contribute in the preservation of the quality of the environment.

a. At proposed STP site fencing is required.

b. Proper training of workers, and use of proper protective clothing.

c. A first aid room with trained staff, which is able to coordinate with local hospitals in case of

emergencies

d. Fire extinguishing equipment will be installed at the treatment plant. Actually, the treated

effluents of the plant will be used in case of fire. In addition, chemical fire extinguishers will be

made available at the project site.

e. Usually mosquitoes do not travel more than 500m from their breeding sites. This will

minimize the occurrence of nuisance for the residents. On the other hand, during the

summer months some bio-enzymes will be used for suppressing the mosquito breeding.

f. The biogas release valves will be checked and maintained periodically.

7.4.4 Land use planning The construction of a sewerage treatment plant will involve building large embankment structures on

what is a green field site. This will result in a loss of the options for alternative land use and thus

represents an irreversible commitment of land resources. Although the loss of optional uses for the

land in the future is considered to be a negative impact but not considered significant.

Mitigation:

No mitigation measure is required.

7.5 Energy consumption

The incremental demand on electricity for Beur STP should be within the affordable capacity of the

local electrical system. The expansion of the electrical system if needed should therefore, should not


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


cause any supply shortages to local residents. However, this increased demand will commensurately

increase the electrical utility's use of fossil fuel to generate that electricity, and thus the project will

indirectly incur minor negative impacts associated with greenhouse emissions.

Mitigation:

1. Mitigation measures relate to improving energy management and conservation practices.Sub-

meters and real-time energy monitoring equipment, timers, photoelectric cells, thermostats, etc.

should be installed.

2. Install translucent shades and fluorescent lighting.

7.6 Construction waste disposal

Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work would include cut vegetation

and typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden scaffolding and forms, bags,

waste earth materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site and surrounding

environment if not properly managed and disposed of at an approved dumpsite. Cleared vegetation

burnt onsite would generate smoke, possibly impacting negatively on ambient air quality and human

health. Vegetation and solid waste, if allowed to accumulate in drainage ways, could cause localized

pooling and flooding. Pooling of water, in turn, would create conditions conducive to the breeding of

nuisance and health-threatening pests such as mosquitoes. Poor construction waste management

constitutes a short-term negative impact.

Mitigation:

a. A site waste management plan should be prepared by the contractor prior to commencement of

construction works. This should include designation of appropriate waste storage areas,

collection and removal schedule, identification of approved disposal site, and a system for

supervision and monitoring.

b. Vegetation and combustible waste must not be burned on the site.

c. Reusable i n o r g a n i c waste (e.g. excavated s a n d /clay) should be stockpiled away

from drainage features and used for in filling where necessary.

d. Unusable construction waste, such as damaged pipes, formwork and other construction

material, must be disposed of at an approved dumpsite.

7.7 Reuse of treated wastewater and sludge The treated wastewater effluent from the Beur STP is expected to meet the national requirements.

The Beur STP improvements have been designed to produce effluent quality that would comply with

the effluent limits anticipated for crop irrigation. Implementation of the Project would result in

enabling seasonal irrigation of agricultural lands with disinfected treated wastewater. Potential Impact

of Sludge and irrigation by treated WW can be summarized as follow:

a. Potential pollution of the raw eaten crops

b. Children are often present on the farms and fallen fruit may be picked off the ground.

c. Labors and farmers at farms that are irrigated by treated wastewater or fertilized by sludge

may be subjected to some danger pathogens.

Mitigation:

a. Specific regulation shall be followed to control the use of treated wastewater in irrigation

according to the quality of treated wastewater and according to soil structure.

b. No sludge to be used without sufficient treatment

c. Public awareness program for the neighboring communities should be conducted

d. Provide workers with appropriate protective clothing including rubber gloves, boots, long

sleeved shirts and pants.

e. train workers to wash hands and faces frequently with soap and water and make both

available


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


8.0 MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 Environmental Management Plan

Summarizes the generic environmental management plan for low category investment that identifies

the potential issues of various activities that are anticipated in the design and development,

construction, and operation phases of the proposed sewer work and STP in Beur area Patna. The

Project Components Includes:

a) Beur STP of capacity 43 mld.;

b) Sewerage network approx 180 km

The environmental management plan ensures to suggest appropriate mitigation measure against the

issues/ concerns identified during the environmental and social assessment study.

In general, the BUIDCO (with assistance from DBO Operator and Independent

Engineer/Supervision Consultant) is the responsible entity for ensuring that the mitigation measures

as suggested in the ESMP. The roles and responsibilities of the involved institutes are described

below.

8.1.2 Implementation of EMP Specific activities by BUIDCO

The role of BUIDCO in the implementation of EMP involves the following activities:

8.1.3 Specific activities by Design Built Operate (DBO) Operator

The operator shall implement the mitigation measures as recommended in EMP attached to the bid

document.

8.1.4 Implementation of EMP

The DBO Operator shall have prime responsibility to implement the EMP. “The DBO engineer”

shall monitor the compliance of the EMP. DBO engineer and BUIDCo will have secondary

responsibility for implementation of EMP.

The Operator shall ensure that:

Ensure that sewer laying process does not create hazardous movement situation. Also ensure that

public is pre-warned about the activities, construction area is barricaded, all debris is well managed

causing minimum inconvenience to public and other measures are implemented as indicated under

EMP.

Specific area shall be earmarked for intermittent storage of biodegradable and non-biodegradable

waste at SPS site.

Tree plantation (minimum two row) shall be made on the periphery of SPS to prevent spread of

bad odour and undertake landscaping to enhance aesthetic at SPS locations.

Feedback from the local residents can also be taken from time to time to cross check the contractor‟s

report. Project management consultants should make inspection visits at construction site to check the

implementation of Environment Management Plan as per the contract. Broad Institutional arrangement for

implementation of EMP is shown in figure 8.1 below:


_________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Managing Director

Scheme Implementation Team (including EMP and R&R implementation)

BUIDCo

Project Manager

(Contractor)

Environmental Officer

(Contractor)

Team Leader

(Supervision Consultant)

Environmental Expert

(Supervision Consultant)

State Pollution

Control Board

GM (Tech) GM (Works) GM (Admin.)

CGM

FIGURE- 8.1: ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP

The Environmental Management Plan during the Design, Construction and Operation stages of the project are given

in table 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 for Beur STP, Beur sewerage zone respectively.

Preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) & Bid Documents; Tendering for Execution; Construction Supervision & Quality Control of Sewerage Projects of Patna under NGRBA


Table 8.1: Environmental Management Plan for Beur STP Project (47 MLD)

Activity Potential Negative

Impact/Concern Duration

of impact Mitigation Measures Responsible agency

A. Design and Development Phase

Sewage

Treatment plant Treated water

disposal into

nearby

stream

Pollution of received water

body ( river) or land due to

inefficient treatment or non-

operation of STP

Temporary The treated water quality shall comply

with the prescribed standards of the bid

document and other applicable

conditions of consent to establish issued

by the state pollution control board.

Selection of best available sewage

treatment technology with High BOD

removal efficiency.

Ensuring development and compliance

to standard operation and maintenance

practices.

Provision of effective screening at inlet

of STP for removal of grit, fine plastics

and other suspended solids

Provision of effective separation and

controlled disposal of digested sludge

Provision effective disinfection before

discharge of treated water for irrigation

or to river

DBO Operator

STP

Breakdown Discharge of untreated

sewage leading river

pollution.

Temporary Provision of adequate holding capacity

adequate for storage of sewage to

prevent flow of untreated sewage to

river.

DBO Operator



Flooding due

to rain water

run off

Rain water may flood the

STP area in absence of

adequate provision of

diverting rain water flow

towards STP from periphery

area.

Temporary Suitable drainage provision shall be

made to divert the rain water likely to be

accumulated from peripheral catchment

area of STP, to natural drainage stream

or area.

DBO Operator

Sludge

disposal Disposal of sludge leading

to contamination of land

and water.

Permanent Efficient Sludge dewatering with

minimum land involvement shall be

adopted.

Provision shall be made for intermittent

storage of digested sludge at STP site.

The digested sludge shall be utilised as

manure or disposed to suitable site as

approved by DBO engineer. If disposal

is made for land fill, the site shall be

located away from habitation and water

bodies and shall be pre-approved by

concerned authorities like Municipal

corporation, Pollution Control Board or

urban development authority.

DBO Operator

Provision for

safety of

workers and

safe

operation of

STPs

Accidents leading to injury

or death of workers ( Fall of workers from

Height, Fall into deep water

tanks, Short Circuiting)

Accidental slip, trip and fall

in walk ways or work areas

Fire

Exposure to toxic gas such

as chlorine

Permanent Ensure adequate provision of Handrails

on both sides of walkways close to

deeper tanks and STPs need to be

ensured;

All electric switches ( including unit

specific on-off switches installed at

respective units ) and panels should have

adequate protection from rain water to

prevent short circuiting

Proper earthling with installation of

earth circuit breakers shall be made

DBO Operator



Walk ways designs shall be made with

proper slope to avoid accumulation of

rain water. Material handling and

storage shall be so designed that walk

way surface remains free from wet or oil

surface situation to prevent slips, trip or

fall accidents.

Provision of interlock system to either

stop STP or divert untreated effluent to

holding tanks in case of short circuiting,

or mall functioning of STP

Prepare emergency preparedness plan

including identification of assembly area

in case of fire Location of

STP Noise/Odour/fly nuisance

hazards to neighbouring

areas.

Cutting of Trees

Permanent Ensure minimum noise generation; at

pump station in STP

Minimize Tree cutting if involved.

Tree plantation of at least two rows

around the periphery of STP site and

landscaping to prevent spread of bad

odour with large canopy/ broad leaves

trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak,

Sal, etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid waste to

be cleared within 24 hours and spraying

of suitable herbicides on accumulated

sludge/solid waste to reduce odour.

DBO Operator



B. Construction phase

Sewage

treatment

plant

Excavation Loss of topsoil due to

excavation activities. Temporary The existing STP shall not be

demolished till alternate arrangement for

treatment of existing sewage is made to

ensure that untreated sewage is not

discharged to river.

Excavation shall be planned in such a

manner that such that no damage occurs

to existing structures.

Top soil should be separately stockpiled

and utilized for green belt development

or landscaping after completion of work

DBO Operator

Construction waste Temporary All the associated construction waste

should be properly managed by storing

and disposing off at suitable refusal sites

approved by DBO engineer.

DBO Operator

Nuisance due to domestic solid

waste disposal Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-

recyclable wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-

recyclable wastes are collected in

segregated manner in theses bins

before disposal. Recyclable material

should be sold. Non-recyclable material

should be disposed to designated land

fill area of the city.

Provide adequate sanitation facility for

workers at construction sites.

DBO Operator



Dust Generation due to

construction activities Temporary Excavated material transported by

trucks will be covered and/or wetted to

prevent dust nuisance.

Suppressing dust generation by spraying

water on stockpiles and unpaved

movement areas

Water sprinkling over excavated areas,

unpaved movement areas and

stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction

material through covered trucks.

Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets)

around the construction area for

containing dust spread.

Construction equipment must comply

with pollution norms and carry Pollution

Under Control certificate.

DBO Operator

Temporary flooding due to

uneven dumping of

construction waste

Temporary The construction waste material should

be stored on the higher areas of the site

and or areas where water may

accumulate creating flooding like

situation

DBO Operator

Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if

required) at a place away from any

drainage channel/nalla preferably to be

stored in drums mounted on a concrete

paved platform with slop draining to

small spills collection pit.

DBO Operator



5 http://moef.gov.in/citizen/specinfo/noise.html

Noise and vibration

disturbances to residents and

businesses

Temporary Construction activities to be carried out

in day time with prior intimation to local

residents and shop keepers.

Use of low noise and vibrating

equipment (such as enclosed generators

with mufflers, instruments with built in

vibration dampening and improved

exhaust), to meet standards as

prescribed by CPCB5.

Provision of protective equipment (PPE)

like ear muffs and plugs for construction

workers. .

Provision of noise barriers as feasible in

inhabited areas, particularly near

sensitive zones like hospitals, schools

etc.

DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.

DBO Operator

Construction

camps Sanitation Nuisance due to absence of

facility of sanitation and solid

waste management

Temporary Labour camp if provided, must have

adequate provision of shelter, water

supply, sanitation and solid waste

management

DBO Operator

General:

safety

during

construction

Safety and

Health Hazard Safety hazards to labours and

public. Workers are seen to

working without any PPE even

at height.

Temporary Comply with the Occupational health

and Safety act of India

Ensure that the contact details of the

police or security company and

ambulance services nearby to the site.

Ensure that the handling of equipment

and materials is supervised and

DBO Operator



adequately instructed.

Follow safe practices for working at

height or confined area or underground

working for safety of workers

Erect warning signs/ tapes and

temporary barriers and/or danger tape,

marking flags, lights and flagmen

around the exposed construction works

warn the public and traffic flow of the

inherent dangers.

Provide adequate PPE to workers such

as helmets, safety shoes, gloves, dust

masks, gumboots, etc. to workers

Provide handrails on both sides of

walkways close to deeper tanks and

STPs need to be ensured;

Smaller on and off switches at STP units

to be installed with protection from rain

water to minimize electrical short

circuit;

Monthly reporting of all accidents and

immediate reporting to DBO engineer

and owner.

C. Operation phase

Sewage

treatment

plant

Treatment and

Disposal of Treated

Water and Sludge

River, land or ground water

pollution due to discharge of

untreated or partially treated

sewage due to inadequate or

inefficient STP operations.

Temporary Monitor the treated sewage quality

and ensure compliance with PCB

standards for effluent disposal into

surface water bodies, on land or for

the agricultural use.

Follow standard operating procedures

DBO Operator



for operation and maintenance.

Undertake periodic audit as per these

procedures.

Comply with all applicable condition

of consent to operate

Quarterly monitoring of influent

sewage, treated sewage, upstream and

downstream point of treated sewage

disposal point to river Problems arising due to bad

odour, insects, polluted air, Temporary Maintain the green belt as per

provision of design to prevent spread

of bad odour with large canopy/ broad

leaves trees like Sesum, Neem,

Bargad, Teak, Sal, etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid waste

to be cleared within 24 hours and

spraying of suitable herbicides on

accumulated sludge/solid waste to

reduce odour.

Quarterly monitoring of Ambient Air

Quality with respect to PM10, PM2.5,

Sox and NOx, CO and Odour at three

locations ( at STP site, minimum 500

m away from STP site in up-wind and

down-wind direction of STP area.

DBO Operator

Increase in Ambient Noise

Level and discomfort to

neighbouring people

Temporary Proper handling and regular

maintenance of operating machines

including pumps, generators, air

diffusers, etc.

Quarterly Monitoring of Ambient

Noise level to check compliance to

DBO Operator



standards.

Quarterly monitoring of ambient noise

levels ( day and night) at same

locations as of ambient air monitoring Indiscriminate disposal of

sludge leading to

contamination of land and

soil.

Temporary Prepares sludge disposal plan as per

desire stage provisions and guidelines

and adhere to the same.

Ensure proper functioning of STP for

digestion of sludge and ensure

adequate functioning of dewatering

units for efficient functioning of

system

DBO Operator

River, land or ground water

pollution due to discharge of

untreated or partially treated

sewage due to inadequate or

inefficient STP operations.

Temporary Ensure compliance with PCB

standards for effluent disposal into

surface water bodies, on land or for

the agricultural use.

Follow standard operating procedures

for operation and maintenance.

Undertake periodic audit as per these

procedures.

Comply with all applicable condition

of consent to operate

DBO Operator

General

Safety Workers exposure to hazardous

materials/situations

Serious/health/ safety

hazards

Temporary Ensure availability of PPE for

maintenance workers.

Follow safety measures and

Emergency preparedness plan evolved

at design stage

DBO Operator



Table- 8.2: Environmental Management Plan for Beur Sewerage Project



of impact Mitigation Measures Responsible

Agency

Sewerage and Sanitation Investments

A. Design and Development Phase Sewerage

Network (

Trunk

Sewer

Line)

Accidental

leakages/

bursts

Due to accidental burst

or leakage of sewers,

flooding of the nearby

areas

Backlogging due to

unexpected heavy flow

rates

Temporary Designing sewers with adequate capacity and flow velocity

Provision for Regular inspection and maintenance of the sewers Preparation of safety and Emergency Preparedness plan

DBO

Operator

Sewage

Pumping

Station

Location of

Sewage

Pumping

Station and Pumping of

sewage to STP

Noise and odour

nuisance hazards to

neighboring areas.

Cutting of Trees

Permanent

Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station in SPS by use

of less noise generating equipment meeting prescribed noise

standards as applicable and enclosed generators.


Tree plantation of at least two row around the periphery of SPS

site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour with large

canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal,

etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared at short

intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated

sludge/solid waste to reduce odour. Provision for regular maintenance and switching off equipment when

not in use;

DBO

Operator


Sewerage

(laying of

Excavation,

cutting, back

Damage to underground

utilities like water, gas line,

Temporary Identify existing underground other utility structures, lines through

available records and in consultation with concerned authorities

DBO

Operator



sewers) and

Sewage

Pumping

station

filling,

compaction

and

construction

operations

electricity and telephone

conduits, etc. due to

construction activities. Management of Intercepted

Ground Water

and plan construction activities accordingly to minimize damage

to such utilities. These underground utilities encountered in

excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and

protected from damage or interruption of service until backfill is

complete and settlement has taken place.

Accidents/ damages due to

erosion/ sliding of vertical

sides of excavated trenches

while places the pipes

Temporary Maintaining the excavation by Shoring trench sides by placing

sheeting, timber shores, trench jacks, bracing, piles, or other

materials

Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized. Exposed

surface will be resurfaced and stabilized by making the sloping

sides of trench to the angle of repose at which the soil will remain

safely at rest.

DBO

Operator

Generation of substantial

debris, top soil and muck

during construction

Temporary Top soil shall be preserved and may be used for agricultural

purpose or development of city parks.

Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and

landscaping;

Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas

after placing the trunk sewer lines.

DBO

Operator

Dust Generation ( Air

Pollution) due to

excavation, cutting, back

filling and compaction

operations

Temporary Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas

and stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction material through covered

trucks.

Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area

for containing dust spread at SPS building construction site.

Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and

carry Pollution Under Control certificate.

DBO

Operator

Noise and vibration

disturbances to residents

and businesses

Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior

intimation to local residents and shop keepers.

Construction work near schools and colleges to be carried out

during vacations and work near hospitals to be completed on

priority basis (in shorter time period with alternate provision of

DBO

Operator



traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.).

Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting prescribed

noise standards.

Provision of protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs

for construction workers. .

Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas, particularly near

sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.

DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure. Temporary flooding due to

excavation during

monsoons or blockage of

surface drains

Temporary Stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms;

Stockpiles to be done in high areas to avoid flow in storm water

run-off channels and erosion;

DBO

Operator

Increased traffic

inconvenience (emissions,

congestions, longer travel

times, blockage of access)

Temporary Alternate traffic routing must be adopted in consultation with

concerned traffic police authorities. Proper traffic planning be

made for narrow lane areas.

Work should to be completed on priority near business and market

place to minimize business loss.

Care should be taken to minimize congestion and negative impacts

at schools and hospitals. Safe access shall be maintained to these

places during construction.

Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be required to

facilitate normal life and business

DBO

Operator

Settlement of backfilled

area after construction Temporary The backfilling material shall be free from petroleum products,

slag, cinders, ash or other material.

Backfilling activity shall be completed within five days of laying

of sewer.

Proper compaction as per the soil condition and retain the original

level of alignment and grade.

DBO

Operator

Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away

from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums

mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small

spills collection pit.

DBO

Operator



Nuisance due to solid waste

disposal Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste are collected in

segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable

material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be

disposed for designated land fill area of the city.

Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction

sites.

DBO

Operator

General:

safety

during

constructio

n

Accidents Safety hazards to labours

and public Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India

Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company

and ambulance services nearby to the site.

Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised

and adequately instructed.

Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger

tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed

construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent

dangers.

Provide adequate safety precautions such as helmets, safety shoes,

gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to

DBO engineer and owner.

DBO

Operator

C. Operation phase

Sewer line Leakage/

overflows Water pollution and

possibility of mixing with

water supply line

Temporary Regular monitoring of sewer line and manholes for visible

leakages/ overflows.

Immediate repair shall be carried out to plug the leakages. Restore

the sewer and other utility services if damaged due to leakages.

DBO

Operator

Sewage

Pumping

Station

Waste

Handling Bad odour, Health hazard

and public nuisance

Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid waste to

minimize odor nuisance

Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to disposal

site as approved by DBO engineer.

DBO

Operator



Table- 8.3: Environmental Management Plan for Beur Sewerage Project

General

Safety Workers

exposure to

toxic gases in sewers and

hazardous

materials

during sewer

maintenance

work


hazards

The toxic gases are likely

to contract

communicable diseases

from exposure to

pathogens present in the

sewage.

Temporary During cleaning/ maintenance operation, the sewer line will be

adequately vented to ensure that no toxic or hazardous gases are

present in the line.

Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.

Follow safety and Emergency Preparedness plan prepared at

design stage Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to


DBO

Operator



of impact Mitigation Measures Responsible

Agency

Sewerage and Sanitation Investments

A. Design and Development Phase

Sewerage

Network (

Trunk

Sewer

Line)

Accidental

leakages/

bursts

Due to accidental burst

or leakage of sewers,

flooding of the nearby

areas

Backlogging due to

unexpected heavy flow

rates

Temporary Designing sewers with adequate capacity and flow velocity

Provision for Regular inspection and maintenance of the sewers Preparation of safety and Emergency Preparedness plan

DBO

Operator

Sewage

Pumping

Station

Location of

Sewage

Pumping

Station and Pumping of

Noise and odour

nuisance hazards to

neighboring areas.

Cutting of Trees

Permanent

Ensure minimum noise generation at pump station in SPS by use

of less noise generating equipment meeting prescribed noise

standards as applicable and enclosed generators.


Tree plantation of at least two row around the periphery of SPS

DBO

Operator



sewage to STP site and landscaping to prevent spread of bad odour with large

canopy/ broad leaves trees like Sesum, Neem, Bargad, Teak, Sal,

etc.

Accumulated sludge and solid waste to be cleared at short

intervals and spraying of suitable herbicides on accumulated

sludge/solid waste to reduce odour. Provision for regular maintenance and switching off equipment when

not in use;


Sewerage

(laying of

sewers) and

Sewage

Pumping

station

Excavation,

cutting, back

filling,

compaction

and

construction

operations

Damage to underground

utilities like water, gas line,

electricity and telephone

conduits, etc. due to

construction activities.

Temporary Identify existing underground other utility structures, lines through

available records and in consultation with concerned authorities

and plan construction activities accordingly to minimize damage

to such utilities. These underground utilities encountered in

excavating trenches carefully shall be supported, maintained and

protected from damage or interruption of service until backfill is

complete and settlement has taken place.

DBO

Operator

Accidents/ damages due to

erosion/ sliding of vertical

sides of excavated trenches

while places the pipes

Temporary Maintaining the excavation by Shoring trench sides by placing

sheeting, timber shores, trench jacks, bracing, piles, or other

materials

Exposed surface shall be resurfaced and stabilized. Exposed

surface will be resurfaced and stabilized by making the sloping

sides of trench to the angle of repose at which the soil will remain

safely at rest.

DBO

Operator

Generation of substantial

debris, top soil and muck

during construction

Temporary Top soil shall be preserved and may be used for agricultural

purpose or development of city parks.

Soil and debris may be managed for planned land filling and

landscaping;

Debris may be suitably stored to filling back the excavated areas

after placing the trunk sewer lines.

DBO

Operator

Dust Generation ( Air

Pollution) due to

excavation, cutting, back

Temporary Water sprinkling over excavated areas, unpaved movement areas

and stockpiles.

Transportation of loose construction material through covered

DBO

Operator



filling and compaction

operations trucks.

Use dust curtains (polysheets/ sheets) around the construction area

for containing dust spread at SPS building construction site.

Construction equipment must comply with pollution norms and

carry Pollution Under Control certificate.

Noise and vibration

disturbances to residents

and businesses

Temporary Construction activities to be carried out in day time with prior

intimation to local residents and shop keepers.

Construction work near schools and colleges to be carried out

during vacations and work near hospitals to be completed on

priority basis (in shorter time period with alternate provision of

traffic, accessibility of exit/entry gates etc.).

Use of low noise and vibrating equipment meeting prescribed

noise standards.

Provision of protective equipment (PPE) like ear muffs and plugs

for construction workers. .

Provision of noise barriers in inhabited areas, particularly near

sensitive zones like hospitals, schools etc.

DG set to be fitted acoustic enclosure.

DBO

Operator

Temporary flooding due to

excavation during

monsoons or blockage of

surface drains

Temporary Stockpiled areas to be bordered by berms;

Stockpiles to be done in high areas to avoid flow in storm water

run-off channels and erosion;

DBO

Operator

Increased traffic

inconvenience (emissions,

congestions, longer travel

times, blockage of access)

Temporary Alternate traffic routing must be adopted in consultation with

concerned traffic police authorities. Proper traffic planning be

made for narrow lane areas.

Work should to be completed on priority near business and market

place to minimize business loss.

Care should be taken to minimize congestion and negative impacts

at schools and hospitals. Safe access shall be maintained to these

places during construction.

Provide temporary crossing/ bridges as may be required to

facilitate normal life and business

DBO

Operator



Settlement of backfilled

area after construction Temporary The backfilling material shall be free from petroleum products,

slag, cinders, ash or other material.

Backfilling activity shall be completed within five days of laying

of sewer.

Proper compaction as per the soil condition and retain the original

level of alignment and grade.

DBO

Operator

Spillage of fuel and oil Temporary Care to be taken to store fuel and oil (if required) at a place away

from any drainage channel/nalla preferably to be stored in drums

mounted on a concrete paved platform with slop draining to small

spills collection pit.

DBO

Operator

Nuisance due to solid waste

disposal Temporary Provide two bins for recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.

Ensure that recyclable and non-recyclable waste are collected in

segregated manner in theses bins before disposal. Recyclable

material should be sold. Non-recyclable material should be

disposed for designated land fill area of the city.

Provide adequate sanitation facility for workers at construction

sites.

DBO

Operator

General:

safety during

construction

Accidents Safety hazards to labours

and public Temporary Comply with the Occupational health and Safety act of India

Ensure that the contact details of the police or security company

and ambulance services nearby to the site.

Ensure that the handling of equipment and materials is supervised

and adequately instructed.

Erect warning signs/ tapes and temporary barriers and/or danger

tape, marking flags, lights and flagmen around the exposed

construction works warn the public and traffic flow of the inherent

dangers.

Provide adequate safety precautions such as helmets, safety shoes,

gloves, dust masks, gumboots, etc. to workers Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to


DBO

Operator



C. Operation phase

Sewer line Leakage/

overflows Water pollution and

possibility of mixing with

water supply line

Temporary Regular monitoring of sewer line and manholes for visible

leakages/ overflows.

Immediate repair shall be carried out to plug the leakages. Restore

the sewer and other utility services if damaged due to leakages.

DBO

Operator

Sewage

Pumping

Station

Waste

Handling Bad odour, Health hazard

and public nuisance

Temporary Provision for regular clearance of sludge and solid waste to

minimize odor nuisance

Ensure maintenance of Green belt as planned Periodic disposal of accumulated sludge/solid waste to disposal

site as approved by DBO engineer.

DBO

Operator

General

Safety Workers

exposure to

toxic gases in sewers and

hazardous

materials

during sewer

maintenance

work


hazards

The toxic gases are likely

to contract

communicable diseases

from exposure to

pathogens present in the

sewage.

Temporary During cleaning/ maintenance operation, the sewer line will be

adequately vented to ensure that no toxic or hazardous gases are

present in the line.

Ensure availability of PPE for maintenance workers.

Follow safety and Emergency Preparedness plan prepared at

design stage Monthly reporting of all accidents and immediate reporting to


DBO

Operator



8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

The Environmental Monitoring Programme has been detailed out in Table: 8-2. Successful

implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Program is contingent on the following:

The Project Management Consultant (PMC) along with BUIDCO to request the Contractor to

commence all the initial tests for monitoring (i.e. for Air, Water Quality and Noise Levels)

early in the Contract to establish 'base' readings (i.e. to assess the existing conditions prior to

effects from the Construction activities being felt);

The PMC along with BUIDCO to request the Concessionaire / Contractor to submit for

approval a proposed schedule of subsequent periodic tests to be carried out;

Monitoring by the PMC's Environmental Officer of all the environmental monitoring tests,

and subsequent analysis of results;

Where indicated by testing results, and any other relevant on-site conditions, PMC to instruct

the Concessionaire / Contractor to:

Modify the testing schedule (dates, frequency);

Modify (add to or delete) testing locations;

Verify testing results with additional testing as/if required;

Require recalibration of equipment, etc., as necessary; and,

Request the Concessionaire to stop, modify or defer specific construction equipment,

processes, etc., as necessary, that are deemed to have contributed significantly to

monitoring readings in excess of permissible environmental "safe" levels.

8.3 EMP Budget

The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures proposed in the

ESMP is detailed in Table 8-3 and the cost of the Environmental Monitoring is given in Table 8-4.

There are several other environmental issues that have been addressed as part of good engineering

practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the Engineering Cost. The rates adopted for

the budget has been worked out on the basis of market rates and the Schedule of rates. Various

environmental aspects covered/will be covered under engineering costs are listed below:

Proper drainage arrangements to prevent water stagnation/ flooding in SPS site area

Appropriate sitting, and enclosing within building to reduce noise and odor nuisance to

surrounding area Drainage along the ghats to collect the discharge from the residents and

connecting to city sewer

Alternate traffic re-routing,

Ensuring storage of excavated soil material on the higher lying areas

Solid Waste Management

Minimizing stagnant water to avoid mosquito breeding

Usage of Noise acoustic to minimize noise pollution

A forestation against effecting tree felling

Proper housekeeping for safe and clean work environment

Training and awareness program.



Table: 8.5 - Environmental Monitoring Plan

Env.

Compo

nent Stage Institutional Responsibilities

Parameter Standards/ Methods Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision

Air

Qu

alit

y

Co

nst

ruct

io

n

PM10 μg /m3,

PM2.5 μg/m3,

SO2, NOX, CO

CPCB

Sewer

Construction

Sites, SPS &

STP

Once in every

season (except

monsoon

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG

Op

erat

ion

PM10 μg /m3,

PM2.5 μg/m3,

SO2, NOX, CO

Sewer

Construction

Sites,SPS &

STP

Once in a year

except monsoon for

first 5 years.

Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG

Met

eoro

log

y

Const

ruct

ion

Rainfall, humidity,

Wind Speed, Wind

direction,

Temperature

USEPA's

Meteorological

Monitoring Guidance

for Regulatory

Modeling

Applications

One location

within

PATNA

district

Once in every

season Contractor through

approved monitoring

agency/Lab

PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG

Op

erat

ion

Rainfall, humidity,

Wind Speed, Wind

direction,

Temperature

USEPA's

Meteorological

Monitoring Guidance

for Regulatory

Modeling

Applications

One location

within Patna

district

Once in a year Contractor through approved

monitoring agency/Lab

PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG

No

ise

Lev

els

Co

nst

ruct

io

n

Leq dB (A) (Day

and Night) Average

and Peak values

Ambient Noise Standard CPCB

Sewer

Construction

Sites, , SPS

& STP

Once in every

season (except

monsoon)

Contractor through approved


PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG



Op

erat

ion

Leq dB (A) (Day

and Night) Average

and Peak values

Sewer

Construction

Sites, , SPS

& STP

Once in a year

except monsoon for

first 5 years.


monitoring agency/Lab PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG

Soil

Const

ruct

ion

Physical Parameter:

Texture, Grain

Size, Gravel, Sand,

Silt, Clay;

Chemical

Parameter: pH, Conductivity,

Calcium,

Magnesium,

Sodium, Nitrogen,

Absorption Ratio

Consider the

following methods:

IS-2720 (Various

part); Soil Chemical

Analysis by M.L.

JACKSON.

Soil Test Method by

Ministry of

agriculture

Sewer

Construction

Sites , SPS &

STP

Once in every

season Contractor through approved


PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG

Op

erat

ion

Physical : Texture,

Grain Size, Gravel,

Sand, Silt, Clay;

Chemical

Parameter: pH, Conductivity,

Calcium,

Magnesium,

Sodium, Nitrogen,

Absorption Ratio

Consider the

following methods:

IS-2720 (Various

part);

Soil Chemical

Analysis by M.L.

JACKSON.

Along sewer

construction

sites, SPS &

STP

Twice in a year

(Pre-monsoon and

Post monsoon) for

first 5 years,



PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG



Soil Test Method by

Ministry of

agriculture

Wat

er A

nal

ysi

s

Con

stru

cti

Co

nst

ruct

ion

Physical Parameter:

Chemical

Parameter BOD,

COD, DO,: pH,

MLSS, MLVSS Conductivity,

Turbidity, color.

Consider the

following methods: Standard water

quality parameters as

per IS 2291 and As

specified by Bihar

State Pollution

Control Board in

Consent Order

Sewer

Construction

Sites , SPS &

STP

Once in every

season Contractor through approved


PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG

Op

erat

ion

Consider the

following methods: Standard water

quality parameters as

per IS 2291 and As

specified by Bihar

State Pollution

Control Board in

Consent Order

Along sewer

construction

sites, SPS &

STP

Twice in a year

(Pre-monsoon and

Post monsoon) for

first 5 years,



PMC, BUIDCO and

SPMG



Table: 8.6- EMP Budget

Phase Component

of EMP Mitigation measure

Cost included in the

DPR (Yes/no/not

clear)

Cost in Rupees (or Details if provided in

DPR) Remarks

Design and

Development Provision for

accidental

leakages /

bursts in

SPS,STP

Proper drainage

arrangements to prevent

water stagnation/ flooding

in SPS site area & STP

Yes (not specific but

included as a part of

associated construction

activity)

DPR for Sewerage system

in Sewerage District

Patna,

The proposed DPR includes these activities

Location of

SPS,STP Appropriate siting, and

enclosing within building to

reduce noise and odour

nuisance to surrounding

area

Yes DPR for Sewerage system


Patna

The proposed SPS,STP will be indoor which

will prevent noise and enclosed nature and

appropriate cleaning and maintenance will

prevent odour nuisance

Construction Excavation,

Cutting and

filling

operations

Review of existing

infrastructure, shoring

trenches, reinstatement/

resurfacing



Patna


Damage

public

utilities

Proper reviewing of

existing drawing s of

utilities, informing concern

authorities and

reinstatement of public

utilities



Patna




Dust

generation Water sprinkling on

excavated material to

suppress dust and provision

of top cover when

transported through

vehicles

No Water tanker: Rs.

Approximately Rs 1008000/- /-

Top cover for dumper

truck: Rs. 33750/-

According to DPR 180 Km stretch in each zone

will be completed in 3years. This means

approximately 160 m will be covered per day.

1600 L of water will be consumed for 180 m

using sprinkler average 2 times a day Labour cost-Rs. 150/day Rs. 300/tanker+Rs150/labourer = Rs. 450 Per meter cost = Rs. 450/160 m = Rs 2.8/- Total cost for 180 Km= Rs. 504000.00

Keeping a 2 day margin for construction and

reinstatement of the site 2x504000= Rs. 1008000/- For 180 km stretch: Rs. 1008000/-

Top cover: Approximately 30 Sqm of top cover may

require for each vehicle. Assuming 5 such

vehicle involved in transporting excess soil to

dumping location (considering construction

schedule and max excavated earth disposal).

Hence 5 trucks* required top cover 30 Sqm*

Cost of Tripol cover at Rs. 75/ Sqm

Noise and

vibrations Usage of sound barriers or

sheets. No. Rs. 2042000/- As per the schedule, the construction of 180 km

noise barrier in Beur has to be executed in 36

months. Hence on an average 91 will be constructed



considering both the zones. Considering 364 GI sheet of 3‟x 8‟ would cover

91 m length (both sides) of construction activity

daily. (182 sheets are needed of for one side of

182 m stretch, so for 2 sides 364 sheets and 2

more sheets to enclose one open side of the

barricading; 182 m is taken as a safer option as

it will not be possible to shift the barrier to

another site same day) Hence 364 sheets* Cost of GI sheet Rs.1000

per sheet (Rs.70-100 per Kg) + labour cost (

four labours at avg. rate of Rs. 150 per day) =

Rs. 1021000 And for 180 Kms = Rs. 2042000

Temporary

flooding or ,

water logging

Alternate traffic re-routing,

Ensuring storage of

excavated soil material on

the higher lying areas



Patna

Increased

traffic

inconvenienc

e

Traffic re-routing Yes DPR for Sewerage system


Patna

Safety

hazards to

workers and

residents

Putting fences or other

barricades to demarcate the

area

No Rs. 27300 Assuming a stretch of 182 m per day, 364 rods

will be used, @ Rs. 75/- per rod.

Labour

camps (if

adopted)

Health

hazards and

nuisance due

to absence of

Sanitation No Cost of construction of pit

and toilet building &

cleaning approximately

Rs. 15,48,000/-

The labour camps can be divided into 1 camp

for each zone, for appropriate management and

maintenance work. Per day each camp will

have around 300-400 labourers (approx).



facility for

sanitation or

solid waste

management

The approximate cost of one toilet unit in a

camp would be around Rs 7, 50,000. For

constructing toilet at 2 camps expenditure

would be Rs. 15,00,000/- Cleaning of pit cost Rs 4000/-. And after 9

months cleaning is needed so thrice cleaning is

needed. So for 2 pits X 2 camps X 3 times

cleaning the cost will come as Rs.48000/-.

Water Supply No Approximately Rs.

28,25,000/-

As estimated 500 laborers will be required.

Around 10 stand posts will be needed at one

camp. One stand post construction cost is Rs

6250/-. So for 2 camps total cost will be Rs

125000 for construction. At the rate of 100 LPCD, 50000 L i.e. 50 KL

of water is needed. At the rate of Rs 5 KL, the

cost of water provisioning would be Rs 300 per

day and hence cost for each camp for 50 kl

would be Rs 3000/day. Total cost for 30 months

would be Rs 2700,000. Total cost of construction and provisioning

would be Rs 28,25,000/-

Dust bins No Approximately Rs.

800000/-

Solid waste generation: Generally about 200

grams of solid waste is generated per 5 persons

every day. Hence two cluster dustbin (one for

biodegradable waste and one for non-

biodegradable waste of 1 cum size at the rate of

Rs. 2000/-) may handle solid waste generated.



Construction Fly Nuisance

at STP Application of insecticides No Lumpsum Cost Rs.

1500000/-

Treatment of

Disposal of

Sludge

Ensure proper functioning

of STP for digestion of

sludge

No Lumpsum Cost Rs.

1500000/-

Sludge

Monitoring Analysis of sludge and its

neutralization No Lumpsum cost Rs.

1400000/-

Tree

Plantation &

Landscaping

No Lumpsum cost Rs

1800000/-

Training and

Awareness

generation

Among the workers of

construction camp and

operators of STP and

Monitoring and Evaluation

expert

No Lumpsum cost Rs

1454000/-

Total Cost of Environment Management Rs 15938050/-

Total cost for EMP is estimated to be approximately Rs. 15938050/- excluding budget for environmental monitoring plan.



Table: 8.7 -Cost of Environmental Monitoring Plan

PATNA SEWERAGE SCHEME, BIHAR

Item Location Season Year Total no. of

Samples Unit Cost Total Cost

Environment Monitoring during Construction Stage

Air quality Monitoring 8 3 3 72 6,000.00 432,000.00

Metrological data 1 4 3 12 2,000.00 24,000.00

Noise / vibration 8 3 3 72 2,000.00 144,000.00

Water analysis 8 3 3 72 6,500.00 46,8000.00

Soil analysis 8 2 3 48 5,500.00 264,000.00

Travel and Transportation of

monitoring Team

Lumpsum 400,000.00

Sub total 1732,000.00

Environment Monitoring Cost (Operation Stage)

Air quality Monitoring 8 1 5 40 6,000.00 240,000.00

Metrological data 1 1 5 5 2,000.00 10,000.00

Noise / vibration 8 1 5 40 2,000.00 80,000.00

Water analysis 8 1 5 120 6500.00 780,000.00

Soil analysis 4 2 5 40 5,500.00 220,000.00

Travel and Transportation of

monitoring Team

Lumpsum 400,000.00

Sub-Total 1730,000.00

TOTAL for Environmental Monitoring 3,462,000.00

Total Cost of EMP and Environmental Monitoring (Total of Table 8.6 and Table 8.7) = 1,9400050.00

Say Rs. 1.94 Crore



8.4 Environmental & Social Management Plan

8.4.1 Social mitigation plans during construction phase

Based on the identified social issues, doable mitigation plans are proposed. Some of these measures

are already listed in the DPRs, and some of them are additionally recommended for social

development of the project and the concerned stakeholders.

i. Impact on human health

Mitigation Measure: Acoustic enclosures or hoardings can be constructed at the proposed sites

Mitigation plan involves the erection of temporary enclosures around construction sites. These barriers

will help entrap some of the dust that is brought up in digging. They will also provide safety benefits,

to be detailed below. According to the interaction/consultation with the key stakeholders, it was said

that contractors are doing water sprinkling in the construction area.

ii. Traffic Congestion

Mitigation Measure: Re-route traffic whenever possible and employing traffic police to manage the

traffic movement.

Traffic must be re-routed to facilitate ease of movement. Proper signage should provide detailed

information on the dates and duration of road closures and which detours will be available, ideally

well in advance of actual construction so residents can plan accordingly. Strategic placement of traffic

police at critical intersections will also facilitate better flow of traffic. Plans and budget for these

measures are already included in the DPR.

iii. Impact on livelihood

Sewer constructions will invariable lead to road closures, which will adversely affect shops on those

streets. The first priority is for the contractor to take the necessary measures to ensure that pedestrians

always have access to shops, vendors, etc. For mobile vendors, this may include adjusting the location

of the cart, etc. to a similar location in the immediate vicinity of the original location for the duration

of the project. Projects should also proceed on schedule so as to minimize disruption.

Additionally, clean-up of debris and clearance of blockages should commence immediately after

project completion so as to remove any potential obstacles that might prevent customers from

accessing businesses or other disruptions.

In the event that the contractor, despite best efforts, is unable to avoid blockages of the roads and/or

disruption of local businesses, some compensation is necessary. The ESMF currently mandates

compensation only in the case of permanent livelihood loss or displacement and provides no

provisions for livelihood loss of mobile vendors. Additionally, no regulation, policy, guideline, etc.

exists which can provide precedent or guidance in this instance. ESMF clearly states that

mobile/ambulatory hawkers: fruit cart vendors, etc. who can easily relocate fall into this category.

These vendors are most eligible for a temporary relocation just outside the construction area, and will

thus not be eligible for compensation as is the case for this proposed project. However if during the

construction of the project any party faces livelihood loss due to the proposed project, then that party

should be compensated according to the entitlement matrix given in the ESMF report.



iv. Impact on existing utility services

Mitigation Measure:

Circulating the layout plans of the existing underground alignment near the work site.

Contacting the relevant department in case there is any damage to any of the utility services and

ensuring prompt fixing/replacing of damaged infrastructure

v. Safety hazards

Mitigation Measure: Fencing of the excavation site and providing proper caution signboards.

As mentioned above, fencing should be erected around construction sites and appropriately marked

with caution signage. These fences/signs should remain in place even if construction is not active, so

long as a hazard (e.g. open pit) remains.

Currently, no provision for fences are explicitly mentioned in the DPR, and, in field visits to

JNNURM sites, some had fences while others did not.

vi. Elevated Noise Levels

According to officials, construction will take place after school hours or at other times of school

closing to avoid interfering with school function. Beyond that, construction must simply proceed in a

deliberate and judicious manner to avoid unnecessary noise pollution.

vii. Failure to Restore Temporary Construction Sites

As mentioned above, provisions to rehabilitate roads and clear debris are already included in the DPR.

viii. Public Notice:

According to the suggestion given by locals during the interview. Government and contractor should

give a prior notice to each and every locality with the details of project, street wise start date of

construction and street wise end date of construction, contact person during emergency. This

information would help them better adjust to the situation and make necessary adjustments and

provisions.

The detailed social management plan is covered in the Social Management Plan (SMP) report

submitted separately.



9.0 CONCLUSION

The project report of the proposed sub-project for sewerage Beur Zone after environment analysis

concludes that the project falls in „low impact‟ category and have overall positive benefits on the life

and environment of the people. There has been no reported land acquisition or livelihood losses to be

caused under this project. As per environmental and social management framework guidelines of

NGRBA, Environmental and Social Assessment, with a Generic Safeguard Management Plan was

conducted for addressing possible issues/ concerns arising from proposed project.

Impacts of activities identified during the assessment fell under two separate categories of

Construction and Operation. Although no such permanently negative or adverse environmental or

social impacts were identified, there were certain temporary impacts, for which appropriate mitigation

plans have also been suggested. The environmental management plan ensures to suggest appropriate

mitigation measure against the issues/ concerns identified during the environmental and social analysis

study. All the social and environmental issues were appropriately studied and have been substantiated

using appropriate evidences, to ascertain the magnitude of their impacts. Even the issues of public

grievances and public notice have been taken care in the report to confirm transparency during the

project implementation. Report also ensures that well defined institutional mechanism is in place to

monitor and evaluate the progress of the project during construction, implementation and operation

phases.