proizvodnja belih vina

8/13/2019 Proizvodnja belih vina

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2/23

1

1. ................................................................................................................22. .......................................................................................................3

2.1. .........................................................................................................32.2. ....................................................................................................32.3. .......................................................................................................32.4. .................................................................................................42.5. .....................................................................................................52.6. ..........................................................................................................52.7. .........................................................................................................5

3.

.............................................................................................63.1. .......................................................................................63.2. ................................................................................63.3. ...........................................................................................63.4. () ....................................................................7

4. .....................................................................................85. ........................................................................................10

5.1. ...........................................105.2. ...................................................................10

6. ............................................................................................................126.1. ( ) ..................................................................126.2. ( ) ..........................................................................126.3. ...........................................................................13

7. ......................................................158. ........................................................................16

8.1. ........................................................................................168.2. ........................................................................178.3. ...................................................................178.4. ..........................................................................178.5. ...........................................................................17

9. ............................1910. .....................................................20 11. .....................................................................................................21 12. .................................................................................................22


3/23

2

1.

, .

(1822-1895).

. , III . , , .

, , . - . , . , , , , ( , , .) .


4/23

3

2.

. (Vitis Vinifera ).

2.1.

: . : , .

,

, .

. , . .

2.2.

( ) . , , , . , ( ) . , , .

. , , . . 10 ; 5-6% .

2.3.

( ) . , , . - , , .

. , ,


5/23

4

. 92-98% . , .

. , , , . - . : , .

2.4.

. ,

. . , , . .

, . . . , . , ,

. , . , ,

. .

, . , - . . , , . . , , . , . .


6/23

5

2.5.

. , 1. 4. (Vitis apyrena). , . : , , , , , . , . , .

2.6.

. . , . , .

2.7.

( , ) . , , , , . , ; . - . , .

1:


7/23

6

3.

: , , , ().

3.1.

. . , , - . . , ,

. ; . , , . , . . ,

. , , , .

3.2.

. , .

. ; , . 5 -10 SO 2 100 .

3.3.

, , . ,


8/23

7

. , . .

. , , , , , . . .

3.4. ()

. , , , . , . (8 -12C ) 12 . SO 2, . . ( ).

. 100 200 100 . - .


9/23

8

4.

. . SO 2 . SO 2 . :

( : , . ).

. SO 2 ().

( ) SO 2, , - ( K 2S2O5). 57,6%SO 2 . , :

2C 4H6O6 + K 2S2O5 2KHC 4H4O6 + SO 2 + H 2O

, SO 2 :

SO 2 + H 2O H2SO 3

, . , , , . ()

. . SO 2 H2SO 3-

, SO 2 . , SO 2 . . . . , (), ,

() . SO 2 . ( SO 2 50-100 mg/l), . . , , , . SO 2 . (, ,), . H2S . SO 2 , .


10/23

9

SO 2 . 300 mg /l SO 2 ( ) 175 -250 mg/l , , .

2:

3:


11/23

10

5.

. ,, . . , , (C 2H5OH) ( CO 2) (,...).

5.1.

. , . . Saccharomyces cerevisiae

boyanus, . . , Kloeckera epiculata . . ( CH 3COOH).

5.2.

. , :

, - ,

, SO 2, , .

: , , , , .


12/23

11

4:

5:


13/23

12

6.

, , , - .

:

C 6H 12O 6 2C 2H 5OH + 2CO 2 +

, . . . 32 33 .

6.1. ()

, . , . 15 -18, 3 -6, 15. 20. 30C , 2 . 36 , . , , . 5 -8 . . 10 15, . SO 2,

, . , 2 -3 .

6.2. ()

, , . . , , . , ( 20 -30 % ) , ( ).


14/23

13

. .

6.3.

, - . , . . , , . . , , SO 2, . . 100g 7-14g . . . (0,3 -0,8 g/l). . , . .

. , . 50 80 mg/l. .


15/23

14

6:

7:


16/23


17/23

16

8.

, . , (3 -4 ), . . , .

8.1.

:

, ,

, , , . , . 2 -3 g/hl. . () . , . 24 .

, 20 -100 g/hl . 10 -15 . ( )

(, , ) , . . , : 3K 4Fe(CN) 6 + 4FeCl 3 Fe4[Fe(CN) 6]3 + 12KCl : 4Fe(CN) 6 + 2FeCl 2 Fe 2Fe(CN) 6 + 4KCl . , 5-6 . .

, , . .


18/23


19/23

18

: , ( ), . , , , 10 .

. .

8:

9:


20/23


21/23

20

10.

: , , , ... . (). . 5 10 g/dm 3.: 0,1 mol NaOH . : COOH COONa| |COOH COOH| + 2NaOH | +2H 2OCOOH COOH| |COOH COONa

: 50 cm 3 . . , . 0,1 mol NaOH .

:

C NaOH = 0.1070 mol/dm 3 M= 180 g/molV NaOH = 30.1 cm

3 = 0.0301 dm 3

C= n = C V

n= 0.1070 mol/dm 3 NaOH 0.0301 dm 3 NaOH

n= 0.0032 mol NaOH

1: 2 n vinske kis , =

= 0.0016 mol

m = n M

m= 0.0016 mol 180 g/ mol

m= 0.288 g/50 cm 3

50 cm 3 : 0.288 g = 1000 cm 3 : x g

x=

= 5.76 g/dm 3


22/23

21

11.

. . , , . , , , , . , .


23/23

22

12.

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