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Progressive Era NotesUnit 3: Miss Springborn, Team 6
Student Name _____________________________________________________________________________ Class
Period ____________________________________
November-December 2012
As the Civil War ended, increased _____________ caused American _____________to grow. As cities grew new problems arose. _____________________swung into action in areas such as city government, politics, public schools, and the workplace. African Americans, American Indians, immigrants, and women also called for reforms.
Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) ofthe main ideas of each section:
The Gilded Age:
Many people refer to the time period at the end of the 1800’s to the
early 1900’s as the ________________________. This nickname came from
__________________________, a famous author, who said from a distance
______________________________________ looked golden but when you looked
up close it was actually “gilded” (coated with cheap gold paint).
Corruption in Politics:
Powerful organization called __________________________________________
influenced city and county politics
They used both ___________________________________________________ ways to
get candidates elected to office
They would ________________________
voters, election officials, get only
one candidate listed on the ballot,
paid for votes, and even hire the
people who counted the votes to
make sure it turned out the way
they wanted
Political machines where run by powerful __________________________
Bosses traded favors for ___________________________
Most bosses got support from new ________________________________ who
needed more help to get by
One of the most famous political bosses:
William Marcy __________________________of
New York City reportedly stole as much
as _________________________ from the City
Treasury during his time in power
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Even the federal government was corrupt: especially the
administration of __________________________________. Many of his officials
were arrested in plots to avoid paying taxes and went to jail
How do we solve Political Corruption?
The nation passes ____________________________________________________
Civil Service is the term used to describe government jobs… for
example: police, fireman, state troopers, IRS workers, and all other
government jobs are considered to be Civil Service Jobs
This was supposed to help put the most ______________________________
candidates in the job
You had to take a test about your test and show certain skills
People were then __________________________ (highest to lowest) based
on their test scores and would get picked for job openings that way
This was to prevent unqualified and _______________________________
officials from getting government jobs
The law passed in 1883 was called the _______________________________
and set up a merit system controlled by the Civil Service
Commission. Today it covers almost _________ of all government jobs
Questions about Political Corruption:1. Explain how bosses and political machines controlled city
governments:
2. What led to Civil Service Reform?
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3. How did the reforms change the way people got jobs in the government?
The Progressive Movement:
Reformers in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s were knows as
____________________________________________
They worked to __________________ such as crime, disease, and poverty
Many areas were targeted for reform such as health and education,
poor living conditions, unsafe working conditions, social unjust,
government corruption, child labor, racial discrimination, corrupt
monopolies, tenements and more!
Reformers received help from __________________________, journalists
that helped “_____________________________” on the problems in society
Some of the Solutions to these problems:
Solving Corruption in Politics: Goal was to _______________________________: to help
stop the political corruption we start to expand
the right to vote and the power of the people
We create more of a ___________________________________________ where the
people vote on who will be the candidates for political office
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The ______________________________ is passed in 1913 and allows for the
first time Americans the right to vote directly for their _______________
in Congress (remember there are 2 senators from every state)
Voters also were given the right to call for action on many political
issues:
Recall: Voters can now _____________________________________ asking for
a special vote on an elected official. This allows them to remove
elected officials if they are not happy with them
Ex: The governor of Wisconsin recently had a recall vote on his term because many were unhappy with some of his more recent decisions, he won his recall vote and is still in power today
Initiative: this allows voters to _____________________________________
by getting signatures on a petition
Ex: Many states recently voted on issues in the last election under initiative vote, such as the legalization of medical marijuana and in California many citizens wanted change what information was on food labels to include anything genetically altered
Referendum: allows voters to sign a petition to
______________________________ already in place
Ex: Puerto Rico ( a US Territory) recently voted in a referendum to change their relationship with the United States and instead of remaining just a territory to try and work towards becoming our 51st state
Reforming City and State Governments:
Create a new system of government that runs more like a
______________________________________ model
Had a city council that was _____________________________ by the people
and they choose a manager to help run the city
Robert Lafollette developed the __________________________ and pushes
for changes such as tax reform, direct primaries, and
___________________________________________________ to elect their officials
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Fixing the problems in the city:
There were many causes of the problems
in the ______________________ (city) society
City problems were caused by things like
urbanization, growth of the ___________________, bad working
conditions in _____________________, scandals about political
____________________________, rise of powerful corporations
(___________________________), and increase in immigration
New jobs/profession emerge to help the cities: jobs like city planners
and civil engineers
These new planners will pass zoning laws,
building-safety codes, create public _____________,
create proper waste disposal system (____________),
create safe _____________ system, and created street
paving and proper ___________________ building projects.
Education Reform:
Many states start to pass laws requiring
children to attend school
Push towards opening of _________________________ for upper education
Courses in citizenship, health, and job training were developed
________________________________________ are opened for
the first time specifically to help the children of the
poor and working class learn basic skills
John Dewey, an important ______________ in education,
created new models for teaching children that are still used today
Helped to create the American Medical
Association (AMA) to help regulate the education
of __________________________________________ and to
spread the new scientific knowledge that was
being learned about diseases and treatments
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Questions regarding the start of the Progressive Era:
1. Why is it important to give people more power over their government in this time period?
2. How does requiring children to go to school help society?
3. What is a modern day issue that you could see letting the people decide on in an initiative vote?
Reforming the Workplace:
Child Labor Reform
Because of extremely low wages in the
workplace many families sent there
_________________________ to work to help the family get by
About 1.75 million children ___________________________________________
worked in mines, mills, and factories in 1900
Reformers helped create the National Child Labor Committee to
investigate __________________________________ and eventually pass laws
Federal government will pass laws in 1916 and 1919 but had some
trouble keeping those laws intact from court challenges
Safety in the Workplace: Many pushed for higher wages and fewer
working hours
Many states will pass _________________ wage
laws and _____________________ working hours
Tragic Accidents bring attention to Page | 6
workplace safety
In 1900 alone, _______________________ people were killed by industrial
accidents. Another ________________ were injured on the job
In 1911, the tragic and shocking fire at the _____________________________
__________________________ in New York City caused anger and outrage
A fire broke out when over 500 mostly immigrant women and
children were preparing to leave for the day
The exit doors on the __________________ of the building were locked
and over _________________________ died from the fire, some
_____________________ to their deaths to escape the smoke and heat
Because of this shocking case and others like it, reformers called for
more workplace safety and greater laws regulating working
conditions
TRUE STORY: MODERN DAY TRAGEDY!! Sadly, cases like this still
happened in developing countries today around the world. On
November 24th, 2012, 118 workers died at a garment factory in
Bangladesh when a fire broke out and workers could not get through
the narrow escape exits stairwells fast enough. These workers were
also on a higher floor and many jumped to their death as well. Many
poorer countries in this region have experience fires and other
industrial accidents in recent years just like this. Many countries are
years behind the United States in fixing this problem. Cases like this is
why all building have fire codes in buildings, well lit and labeled
emergency exits, why we practice fire drills, and have emergency
systems such as 911 in place today.
The Courts and the Workplace:
Many businesses sued in ____________________over
these new regulations saying it was not fair and that
the government shouldn’t be ___________________ in their business
Some laws were gotten rid of by the courts: For example in New
York State there was law limiting bakers to a 10 hour work day but
the Supreme Court ruled that the state __________________________ limit
businesses to only a 10 hour work day and workers could
____________________________________ to work a longer day if they wanted
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Other laws were kept by the courts: For example in the case of
Muller vs. Oregon in 1908, the Court ruled that you could limit
____________________________________________ for health and safety reasons
Many of these issues were decided state by state
Rise of Labor Organizations:
Unions fought for better working conditions
Workers began to _______________ together to
demand ____________________ working hours,
_______________________ wages, and safety on the
job
In 1903, the ___________________________________ became the first all-
women’s union to demand better working conditions for females
One of the most powerful unions was the ______________________________
_______________ (AFL) whose leader Samuel Gompers argued for safer
working conditions, higher pay, and right of the worker to organize
Questions regarding Reforming the Working Conditions:1. What working conditions caused workers to unite and demand
better treatment?
2. Why is it better if workers were united together?
The Rights of Women and Minorities:
Women started to attend more ______________________ in the late 1800’s
Some argued that women could not handle the “mental strain” of
_____________________________________ thinking
Even with higher education many jobs were still _____________________
to women because of their gender
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Temperance Movement:
Women played a vital role in this reform
This movement blamed ___________________ for many of society’s
problems
Leading reformer in this movement was a
woman named ____________________ who
literally stormed into saloons with ax’s
chopping up the bar and smashing the liquor bottles
Reformers joined the Woman’s __________________________________
______________________________________ (WCTU)
This movement will lead to the passage of the _________________________
to the Constitution in 1919. This amendment outlaws the
___________________________ and ________________________ of alcoholic
beverages in the United States
Total ban of alcohol
Women’s Suffrage Movement: Many women wanted more rights including the right
to ________________________________
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
______________________________________ found the National
American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in
1890 to help get the right to vote for women
Carrie Chapman Catt fought for women’s suffrage in many
______________________ including Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah
Catt becomes president of NAWSA in 1900 and helps mobilize about
_______________________________ to work for women’s right to vote
A rival group called the National Women’s Party (NWP) was founded
by _______________________________ in 1913 and aimed to make the
women’s suffrage movement more public with protests, parades, and
public demonstrations including hunger strikes
Both groups efforts will pay off when the
________________________________ is passed in 1920 and granted all
women in the United States the right to ____________________________
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African Americans fight for change:
After slavery ended there was still a lot
of problems for African Americans
including __________________________________
Booker T. Washington tried to help
improve conditions through education. He was a founder of the
_________________________________ in Alabama
Ida B. Wells was more outspoken and wrote many articles drawing
attention to the ______________________________ in the south of black men
W.E.B. Dubois took a more hands approach to
fighting discrimination and helped found the
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (__________________________)
NAACP worked to end discrimination and bring
down the oppressive _______________________________ and end
________________________ in the South
Questions about Women and African Americans:1. What caused women to join the Progressive Movement?
2. How were African Americans still not free after the Civil War?
The Progressive Presidents:
1. Theodore Roosevelt (Teddy) - took office after William
McKinley was shot and killed in 1901.
Believed in being an active president.
He pushed for the _______________________________________________,
where everyone’s (businessmen, workers, and consumers)
rights should be balanced for the public good.
Got involved in several progressive issues including cleaning
up the meat-packing industry thanks to Upton Sinclair’s book
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__________________________. Because of this he pushes the
_______________________________________________________. This
regulates the manufacture, sale, and transportation of all
food and drugs distributed in the United States.
Also passed was the _____________________________________________
specifically addressing Sinclair’s book.
Roosevelt also gets Congress to regulate ______________________
__________________________ costs, this helping the small farmers.
He also becomes a big supporter of the ________________________
___________________________ that worked to protect our natural
resources and sets up many sites as protect federal lands.
This today is known as our National Parks System, for
example the Grand Canyon, Yosemite, Niagara Falls,
Badlands in South Dakota, Florida Everglades, etc… In total
150 million acres of public land set aside and protected
2. William Howard Taft- Taft was a bit more cautious than
Roosevelt and moved a little slower.
He continued Roosevelt’s path and sued many big businesses
for unfair treatment of workers and for being
_____________________________________________
Taft also continued to add ____________________________________ to
the National Parks System for protection.
Taft will ______________________ his re-election bid to Woodrow
Wilson and the Bull Moose Party in 1912 in a very dirty three
way race between Taft, Wilson, and T. Roosevelt.
3. Woodrow Wilson- Wilson promised to improve the horrible
social conditions many American’s were living in.
He lowered tariffs with the ___________________________ of 1913.
He also reformed the tax code by pushing for the passage of
the _____________________________________ that allowed the federal
government to tax our personal income. This provided a
new source of income for the federal government.
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He also worked to get ___________________________________________
passed to reform the banking industry. Created a National
banking system and a federal reserve.
Wilson also pushed to reform businesses; He helped get the
___________________________________________ passed in 1914 and
strengthened federal laws against monopolies.
He also created the ______________________________________________
that had the power to stop unfair trade practices.
Questions about the Progressive Presidents:
1. Why was it important to have a strong president in charge during the Progressive Era?
2. Why would we want to have government make rules about our food? Is that a good thing?
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